PEMFC Reference | H2KG Application Ontology for Hydrogen Electrochemical Systems

H2KG PEMFC Profile

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell profile for experiments, materials, processes, and measurements

Ontology IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/pemfc/hydrogen-ontology

Namespace: https://w3id.org/h2kg/pemfc/hydrogen-ontology#

Rendered terms: 2147

Release Quality

Profile Reference Scope

This page presents the H2KG PEMFC Profile as a structured reference, grouping all profile-visible terms into navigable sections instead of one flat list. It is the intended future human-readable landing page for the H2KG PEMFC Profile namespace.

ODK shadow-mode status: ODK artefacts are technically aligned, show no IRI drift, and have been explicitly promoted out of shadow mode.

HDO-reviewed terms in the current run: 96

Full H2KG namespace

Reference Contents

Classes (13)
Object Properties (18)
Datatype Properties (1)
Measurements (196)
Instruments (187)
Materials (464)
Parameters (551)
Properties (525)
Manufacturing / Processes (133)
Data / Metadata (52)
Normalization Bases (6)
Other Terms (1)

Classes

13 terms

Agent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Agent
Type: Class

A class representing an agent that is responsible for carrying out a process, producing data, or contributing to the provenance of a resource in H2KG.

subclassOf / subPropertyOf: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Agent

Mappings

rdfs:subClassOf http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Agent (Agent)

Data

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Data
Type: Class

A class representing data produced, used, or referenced by a process or measurement in H2KG.

subclassOf / subPropertyOf: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity

Data Point

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DataPoint
Type: Class

A class representing a single data point that links a value to the property and measurement context it belongs to in H2KG.

subclassOf / subPropertyOf: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity

Instrument

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Instrument
Type: Class

A class representing an instrument used to perform, support, or control a measurement or manufacturing process in H2KG.

subclassOf / subPropertyOf: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity

Manufacturing

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Manufacturing
Type: Class

A class representing a manufacturing process that prepares, assembles, coats, or otherwise fabricates a material or device in H2KG.

subclassOf / subPropertyOf: Process

Matter

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Matter
Type: Class

A class representing a material entity that participates in a process, measurement, or device configuration in H2KG.

Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Measurement
Type: Class

A class representing a measurement process that determines one or more properties of a material, device, or system in H2KG.

subclassOf / subPropertyOf: Process

Mappings

rdfs:subClassOf https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_7729c34e_1ae9_403d_b933_1765885e7f29 (Electrochemical measurement)

Metadata

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Metadata
Type: Class

A class representing metadata used to describe the provenance, identity, structure, or context of another resource in H2KG.

Mappings

rdfs:subClassOf https://purls.helmholtz-metadaten.de/hob/HDO_00000029 (Metadaten)
skos:closeMatch https://purls.helmholtz-metadaten.de/hob/HDO_00001036 (Metadatenschema)

Normalization Basis

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#NormalizationBasis
Type: Class, Parameter

A parameter specifying normalization basis.

Parameter

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Parameter
Type: Class

A class representing a parameter specified as an input, setting, or condition for a process or measurement in H2KG.

Process

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Process
Type: Class

A class representing a process that transforms material, produces data, or changes the state of a system in H2KG.

subclassOf / subPropertyOf: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Activity
subclasses: Manufacturing, Measurement

Mappings

owl:equivalentClass https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_process (Process)

Property

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Property
Type: Class

A class representing a property that can be measured, computed, or otherwise assigned to a material, process, or system in H2KG.

Mappings

owl:equivalentClass https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_property (Property)

Unit

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Unit
Type: Class

A class representing a unit used to express the value of a quantity in H2KG.

Object Properties

18 terms

atCurrentDensity

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#atCurrentDensity
Type: ObjectProperty

An object property relating a data point to the current-density value at which it is reported.

domain: DataPoint
range: http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/QuantityValue

fromMeasurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#fromMeasurement
Type: ObjectProperty

An object property relating a data point to the measurement from which it was generated.

domain: DataPoint
range: Measurement

hasInputData

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#hasInputData
Type: ObjectProperty

An object property relating a process or measurement to data used as an input.

subclassOf / subPropertyOf: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#used
domain: Process
range: Data

hasInputMaterial

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#hasInputMaterial
Type: ObjectProperty

An object property relating a process or measurement to a material entity that serves as an input.

subclassOf / subPropertyOf: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#used
domain: Process
range: Matter

hasOutputData

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#hasOutputData
Type: ObjectProperty

An object property relating a measurement or process to data generated as an output.

domain: Measurement
range: Data

hasOutputMaterial

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#hasOutputMaterial
Type: ObjectProperty

An object property relating a process to a material entity produced as an output.

domain: Process
range: Matter

hasParameter

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#hasParameter
Type: ObjectProperty

An object property relating a process or measurement to a parameter that specifies one of its inputs, settings, or operating conditions.

domain: Process
range: Parameter

hasPart

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#hasPart
Type: ObjectProperty

An object property relating an entity or process to a constituent part.

hasProperty

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#hasProperty
Type: ObjectProperty

An object property relating a measurement to a property that is determined, reported, or otherwise associated with that measurement.

domain: Measurement
range: Property

hasQuantityValue

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#hasQuantityValue
Type: ObjectProperty

An object property relating a parameter, property, or data point to the quantity value that expresses it.

Mappings

rdfs:subPropertyOf http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/quantityValue (quantity value)

hasSubProcess

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#hasSubProcess
Type: ObjectProperty

An object property relating a process to a subprocess that forms part of its overall execution.

isPartOf

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#isPartOf
Type: ObjectProperty

An object property relating an entity or process to a larger entity or process of which it forms a part.

isSubProcessOf

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#isSubProcessOf
Type: ObjectProperty

An object property relating a subprocess to the larger process of which it forms a part.

measures

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#measures
Type: ObjectProperty

An object property relating a measurement to a property that it determines.

domain: Measurement
range: Property

normalizedTo

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#normalizedTo
Type: ObjectProperty

An object property relating a property or result to the basis used for its normalization.

range: NormalizationBasis

ofProperty

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ofProperty
Type: ObjectProperty

An object property relating a data point to the property represented by that data point.

domain: DataPoint
range: Property

referenceElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#referenceElectrode
Type: ObjectProperty

An object property relating an electrochemical measurement setup or process to the reference electrode it uses.

range: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_7729c34e_1ae9_403d_b933_1765885e7f29

usesInstrument

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#usesInstrument
Type: ObjectProperty

An object property relating a process or measurement to an instrument used to carry it out or support it.

domain: Process
range: Instrument

Datatype Properties

1 terms

hasIdentifier

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#hasIdentifier
Type: DatatypeProperty

A datatype property relating a resource to a literal identifier used to distinguish or reference it.

range: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Literal

Mappings

rdfs:subPropertyOf http://purl.org/dc/terms/identifier (identifier)

Measurements

196 terms

Acid Base Titration Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AcidBaseTitrationMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: acid-base titration

Acid-base titration used to determine phosphoric-acid doping level (ADL).

Acid Uptake Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AcidUptakeMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: PA uptake measurement

Measurement of phosphoric acid uptake and acid doping level (ADL) by mass difference.

Adhesion Tape Test Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AdhesionTapeTestMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: tape peel test

Qualitative adhesion evaluation of Cu patterns on PET via adhesive tape test.

Analytical Centrifuge Sedimentation Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AnalyticalCentrifugeSedimentationMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: analytical centrifuge

Accelerated sedimentation/stability characterization using analytical centrifuge (AC); not present as named Measurement in ontology.

Apparatus Specification Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ApparatusSpecificationMeasurement
Type: Measurement

Capture reported equipment specifications (e.g., positioning accuracy).

Archimedes Density Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ArchimedesDensityMeasurement
Type: Measurement

Bulk density measurement of printed, pyrolyzed parts by Archimedes method.

Atomic Force Microscopy Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AtomicForceMicroscopyMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: AFM; atomic force microscopy

In-situ atomic force microscopy imaging of PFSI adsorbed structures on Pt(111) in various water/n-propanol mixtures.

ATRFTIR Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ATRFTIRMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: ATR–FTIR; FTIR

ATR–FTIR measurement to assess ester cross-link stability over acid exposure time.

Capillary Pressure Estimation

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CapillaryPressureEstimation
Type: Measurement
altLabel: capillary pressure derivation

proposed_new_term. paper_context: Procedure to infer membrane capillary pressure from operando crack saturation and ex situ saturation–pressure relation.

Carbon Black Aggregate Structure Simulation

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CarbonBlackAggregateStructureSimulation
Type: Measurement
altLabel: CB aggregate structure simulation

Simulation step that reconstructs 3D carbon black aggregate morphology using probability-density placement and surface roughness fitting (validated vs size/SSA/pore volume).

Carbon Monoxide Displacement Chronoamperometry

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CarbonMonoxideDisplacementChronoamperometry
Type: Measurement
altLabel: CO displacement chronoamperometry

CO displacement transient (I–t) to quantify displacement charge; used to infer sulfonate coverage / adsorbed species at set potentials.

Carbon Monoxide Stripping Voltammetry

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CarbonMonoxideStrippingVoltammetry
Type: Measurement
altLabel: carbon monoxide stripping; CO voltammetry stripping; CO-stripping voltammogram

CO stripping voltammetry measurement to quantify ECSA at different RH levels.

Catalyst Layer Acid Loading Determination

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CatalystLayerAcidLoadingDetermination
Type: Measurement

CL H3PO4 loading estimated from mass difference before/after doping; not found in ontology.

Catalyst Layer Composition Specification

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CatalystLayerCompositionSpecification
Type: Measurement
altLabel: CL composition specification

Specification of catalyst-layer composition parameters used in calculations (e.g., ionomer volume fraction).

Catalyst Layer Microstructure Simulation

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CatalystLayerMicrostructureSimulation
Type: Measurement
altLabel: catalyst layer simulation

Simulation that packs reconstructed CB aggregates into a 3D catalyst layer, applies ionomer coating model, and computes ionomer connectivity/tortuosity and relative proton conductivity.

Catalyst Layer Thickness Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CatalystLayerThicknessMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: catalyst layer thickness; cathode catalyst layer thickness; thickness measurement (ImageJ from SEM cross-sections)

Measurement/reporting of catalyst layer thickness as a function of Pt loading.

Catalyst Loading Determination

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CatalystLoadingDetermination
Type: Measurement
altLabel: Pt loading determination; catalyst loading measured by XRF; catalyst loading measurement

Determination of Pt loading (mg_Pt/cm2) by weighing and Pt wt% of catalyst.

Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CathodicStrippingVoltammetry
Type: Measurement

A measurement process that uses cathodic stripping voltammetry to determine Cathodic Stripping Peak Current and Peak Potential using Electrochemical Workstation and generating Experiment Dataset.

Chronoamperometry Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ChronoamperometryMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: chronoamperometric measurement; chronoamperometry (I–t); continuous voltage chronoamperometry

Constant-potential current-time measurement used here for ORR durability (e.g., at 0.55 V vs RHE for 30000 s) and methanol tolerance.

Chronopotentiometry Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ChronopotentiometryMeasurement
Type: Measurement

A measurement process that applies constant current to determine cell voltage and cell-voltage increase rate over time.

Coating Mass Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CoatingMassMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: dispensed mass measurement

Weighing Kapton support before/after coating to obtain deposited mass.

Coating Weight Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CoatingWeightMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: catalyst coating weight; coating weight

Gravimetric measurement of catalyst coating mass/weight on CCM.

Cold Start Test

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ColdStartTest
Type: Measurement
altLabel: isothermal cold start; cold start process

Sub-zero start-up test procedure with voltage-time response under constant current density.

Compressive Strength Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CompressiveStrengthMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: compressive strength test; compressive stress-strain

Mechanical testing under compression to determine compressive strength of printed lattices.

Contact Angle Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ContactAngleMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: contact angle test; contact angle; water drop contact angle measurement

Sessile drop contact angle measurement on CCM surface.

Contrast Variation SANSUSANS Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ContrastVariationSANSUSANSMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: contrast-variation neutron scattering; SANS; USANS

Combined contrast-variation small-angle and ultrasmall-angle neutron scattering (SANS+USANS) used to quantify hierarchical ink structure.

Crack Characterization Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CrackCharacterizationMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: crack characterization

A measurement process that uses crack characterization measurement to determine Crack Density and Crack Aspect Ratio using SEM Instrument.

Crack Connectivity Analysis

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CrackConnectivityAnalysis
Type: Measurement
altLabel: cluster connectivity analysis

proposed_new_term. paper_context: Analysis quantifying fraction of cracks fully penetrating the catalyst layer (connectivity metric).

Critical Crack Thickness Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CriticalCrackThicknessMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: CCT measurement; critical crack thickness

Determination of maximum film thickness without primary cracks during drying; assessed by confocal microscopy across thickness series.

Crush Strength Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CrushStrengthMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: crush strength testing; radial crush strength

Radial crush strength measurement of cylindrical ceramic specimens.

Current-Interrupt HFR Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CurrentInterruptHFRMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: current interrupt; HFR measurement; high frequency resistance (HFR) measurement

A measurement process that uses Current-Interrupt HFR measurement to determine Ohmic Resistance and High Frequency Resistance using Fuel Cell Test Station and Milli Ohmmeter and generating Experiment Dataset.

Cyclic Bending Test Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CyclicBendingTestMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: cyclic bending test; bending durability test

Mechanical cycling test where Cu patterns on PET are bent repeatedly and normalized resistance is tracked.

Cyclic Voltammetry

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CyclicVoltammetry
Type: Measurement
altLabel: CV; cyclic voltammograms; cyclic voltammogram

A measurement process that uses cyclic voltammetry to determine Double Layer Capacitance, Electrochemically Active Surface Area, and Onset Potential using Electrochemical Workstation, Potentiostat, and Fuel Cell Test Station and generating Experiment Dataset, ECSA Dataset, and Cyclic Voltammogram Dataset.

Decal Transfer Evaluation Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DecalTransferEvaluationMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: Pt loading measured by weighing

Measurement workflow calculating Pt loading and catalyst transfer yield from decal film mass change during release.

Deflection Criterion Calculation

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DeflectionCriterionCalculation
Type: Measurement
altLabel: Eq. (1)-(3) calculation

Analytical estimation of filament midspan deflection and required storage modulus based on literature equations.

Degradation Prediction Evaluation Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DegradationPredictionEvaluationMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: degradation prediction; prediction performance evaluation

Evaluation of data-driven degradation prediction models against measured aging datasets.

Density Functional Theory Calculation

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DensityFunctionalTheoryCalculation
Type: Measurement
altLabel: DFT; density functional theory

Computational calculation (DFT) used to obtain adsorption/binding energies.

Density Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DensityMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: Density

Generic density measurement for ink/mixture (method not specified in this source).

Differential Scanning Calorimetry Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DifferentialScanningCalorimetryMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: DSC; differential scanning calorimetry

A measurement process used to determine thermal event peak temperature and phase transition temperature by differential scanning calorimetry, typically using a differential scanning calorimeter, DSC instrument, or synchronous thermal analyzer, and generating a thermal analysis dataset.

Discrete Element Method Packing Simulation

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DiscreteElementMethodPackingSimulation
Type: Measurement
altLabel: discrete element method; DEM; DEM simulation

Computational reconstruction of CL geometry by DEM packing of multisphere carbon agglomerates during ink drying.

Distribution Of Relaxation Times Analysis

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DistributionOfRelaxationTimesAnalysis
Type: Measurement
altLabel: DRT; distribution of relaxation times

Computational analysis that deconvolves an impedance spectrum into a distribution of relaxation times (DRT) to identify process peaks.

Dry Reforming Of Methane Performance Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DryReformingOfMethanePerformanceMeasurement
Type: Measurement

Fixed-bed dry reforming of methane (DRM) catalytic performance test (conversions, etc.).

Dynamic Light Scattering Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DynamicLightScatteringMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: dynamic light scattering; DLS; dynamic scattered-light intensity analysis

Measurement of hydrodynamic radius/agglomerate size distribution in ink/solution.

Dynamic Vapor Sorption Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DynamicVaporSorptionMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: DVS; dynamic vapor sorption

Gravimetric water sorption/desorption measurement used for water uptake in CL/membranes (mentioned in Section 6.2.3), but not present as a specific term in ontology.

ECSA by Double-Layer Capacitance

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ECSAByDoubleLayerCapacitance
Type: Measurement

A measurement process that determines electrochemically active surface area from double-layer capacitance measurements using an electrochemical workstation and generating an experiment dataset.

Electrical Resistivity Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ElectricalResistivityMeasurement
Type: Measurement

Electrical resistivity (or resistance-derived resistivity) measurement of electroless Cu patterns on PET.

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Galvanostatic

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopyGalvanostatic
Type: Measurement
altLabel: impedance spectra; EIS; galvanostatic impedance spectroscopy

A measurement process that uses electrochemical impedance spectroscopy galvanostatic to determine Charge Transfer Resistance, Double Layer Capacitance, and Ohmic Resistance using Electrochemical Workstation, Potentiostat, and Fuel Cell Test Station and generating Experiment Dataset, Impedance Dataset, and EIS Nyquist Dataset.

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Potentiostatic

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopyPotentiostatic
Type: Measurement
altLabel: EIS; impedance spectroscopy; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

A measurement process that uses electrochemical impedance spectroscopy potentiostatic to determine Charge Transfer Resistance, Double Layer Capacitance, and Ohmic Resistance using Electrochemical Workstation, Potentiostat, and Segmented Cell System and generating Experiment Dataset, Impedance Dataset, and EIS Nyquist Dataset.

Electrochemical Reaction Simulation

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ElectrochemicalReactionSimulation
Type: Measurement
altLabel: mass transfer simulation

3D electrochemical reaction + mass/charge transfer simulation on reconstructed geometry using upscaled transport properties.

Electron Microscopy Imaging

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ElectronMicroscopyImaging
Type: Measurement
altLabel: electron microscopy; FIB-SEM cross section imaging; FESEM imaging

Electron microscopy imaging used to observe Pt nanoparticle size, agglomerates, and ionomer films.

Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ElectronSpinResonanceSpectroscopyMeasurement
Type: Measurement

ESR spectroscopy used to detect reactive oxygen species (•OH, •O2−) via spin-trap (DMPO).

Electron Tomography Imaging

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ElectronTomographyImaging
Type: Measurement
altLabel: electron tomography

Electron tomography (tilt-series + reconstruction) used to compute 3D volume and accessible surface area of catalyst networks.

Energy Dispersive X Ray Spectroscopy

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#EnergyDispersiveXRaySpectroscopy
Type: Measurement
altLabel: EDX; energy dispersive spectrometry; energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS)

EDX in STEM mode used to quantify Pt and Ru atomic percentages and Pt/Ru ratio in particles/networks.

Epoxy Equivalent Titration Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#EpoxyEquivalentTitrationMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: titration of epoxy equivalent

Titration method used to determine epoxy equivalent / oxirane content in epoxidized oils (Section 2.2.6).

Ex Situ Hydration Test

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ExSituHydrationTest
Type: Measurement
altLabel: hydration test; ex-situ hydration

A measurement process that uses ex situ hydration test to determine Water Uptake Ratio, Electronic Conductivity Loss Percent, and Swelling Fraction.

External Quantum Efficiency Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ExternalQuantumEfficiencyMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: EQE measurement; external quantum efficiency spectra

Spectral EQE measurement versus wavelength.

F 19 NMR Mobility Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#F19NMRMobilityMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: fluorine-19 NMR mobility measurement

Quantifies Nafion main-chain and side-chain mobility in solvent dispersions using 19F NMR peak analysis.

Fabrication Design Specification

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FabricationDesignSpecification
Type: Measurement
altLabel: design specification

A measurement process that uses fabrication design specification to determine Anode Catalyst Loading, Cell Active Area, and Segment Active Area.

Fenton Oxidative Stability Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FentonOxidativeStabilityMeasurement
Type: Measurement

Oxidative stability test by immersing in Fenton reagent and measuring residual weight.

FIBSEM Tomography Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FIBSEMTomographyMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: FIB-SEM tomography; FIB-SEM

A measurement process that uses FIBSEM tomography measurement to determine Pore Size Distribution, Average Pore Size, and Large Pore Fraction Above 150 nm using SEM Instrument.

Film Thickness Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FilmThicknessMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: printed film thickness; film thickness measurement (HRTEM)

Thickness measurement of printed ink film on polypropylene substrate using micrometer (Section 2.4.1.1).

Finite Element Analysis Simulation

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FiniteElementAnalysisSimulation
Type: Measurement
altLabel: finite element simulation; Abaqus simulation; FEA

A measurement process for finite element analysis simulation.

Fluorescence Microscopy Imaging

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FluorescenceMicroscopyImaging
Type: Measurement
altLabel: fluorescence microscopy; fluorescent images

Imaging method used to assess QD uniformity and coffee-ring formation in dried droplets/patterns.

Four Probe Resistance Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FourProbeResistanceMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: four-probe I–V measurement; four-probe setup; four-point probe

Four-probe current–voltage measurement of dry CL to estimate lateral electronic resistance.

FTIR Spectroscopy Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FTIRSpectroscopyMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: FT-IR; FTIR spectra; IR spectroscopy

FT-IR used to characterize carboxylate coordination features of MSA-QDs.

Fuel Cell Polarization Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FuelCellPolarizationMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: fuel cell performance test; single cell polarization curve; polarization measurement

Proposed measurement type for PEMFC single-cell polarization/IV curve measurement used to compute power density and peak power density.

Furfural Hydrogenation Reaction Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FurfuralHydrogenationReactionMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: furfural hydrogenation test

Batch autoclave catalytic test (aqueous phase) reporting furfural conversion and product selectivity under H2.

Galvanostatic Charge Discharge Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#GalvanostaticChargeDischargeMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: constant current charge/discharge; galvanic charge/discharge; charge/discharge cycling

A measurement process that uses galvanostatic charge discharge measurement to determine Coulombic Efficiency, Energy Efficiency, and Ohmic Resistance using Battery Analyzer, Electrochemical Workstation, and Ag/AgCl and generating Charge Discharge Dataset.

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#GasChromatographyMassSpectrometryMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: GC-MS; mass spectrometry

GC-MS used to identify intermediate products and m/z peaks during RhB degradation.

Gas Chromatography Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#GasChromatographyMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: GC; gas chromatography (FID)

Gas chromatography measurement used to quantify fatty acid distribution of oils (soybean, castor) via silica-gel column chromatography / GC analysis.

Gas Crossover Method

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#GasCrossoverMethod
Type: Measurement

A measurement process for gas crossover method.

Gas Permeability Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#GasPermeabilityMeasurement
Type: Measurement

A measurement process that uses gas permeability measurement to determine Hydrogen Permeability and Oxygen Permeability.

Gel Permeation Chromatography Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#GelPermeationChromatographyMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: GPC; gel permeation chromatography

GPC used to determine PBI molecular weight distribution; not found in ontology.

Gloss Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#GlossMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: gloss meter; Gloss

A measurement process that uses gloss measurement to determine Gloss using Gloss Meter.

Hall Effect Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HallEffectMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: Hall measurement

A measurement process that uses hall effect measurement to determine Hall Mobility, In Plane Electronic Conductivity, and Lateral Electronic Resistance using Hall Measurement System.

High Speed Video Imaging Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HighSpeedVideoImagingMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: high-speed video; real-time analysis via high-speed camera

High-speed video imaging of pillar formation dynamics during vertical printing.

Humidity Sweep Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HumiditySweepMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: humidity sweeps; relative humidity sweeps; humidity response measurement

A measurement process that uses humidity sweep measurement to determine Cell Voltage using Fuel Cell Test Cell and Gas Humidification Unit.

ICP Elemental Analysis Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ICPElementalAnalysisMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: ICP elemental analysis; ICP; ICP measurement

ICP elemental analysis used to quantify Ni content.

Image Analysis Pore Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ImageAnalysisPoreMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: ImageJ pore size analysis; fracture surface pore measurement

2D image analysis on fracture surfaces to quantify pore major/minor axes and pore area fraction.

Immunofluorescence Cytocompatibility Assay

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ImmunofluorescenceCytocompatibilityAssay
Type: Measurement
altLabel: cytocompatibility assay

Biological assay to quantify cell adhesion/composition on substrates (e.g., astrocyte fraction and morphology).

In Plane Effective Diffusivity Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#InPlaneEffectiveDiffusivityMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: radial in-plane effective diffusivity measurement

A measurement process that determines the in-plane effective oxygen diffusion coefficient from radial oxygen-transport measurements using a fiber-optic oxygen probe and generating oxygen concentration time-series data.

In Plane Electronic Conductivity Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#InPlaneElectronicConductivityMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: in-plane conductivity test; electrical conductivity measurement; resistance measurement

A measurement process that uses in plane electronic conductivity measurement to determine In Plane Electronic Conductivity using Micro Ohm Meter and Digital Multimeter and generating Conductivity Dataset.

Incident Photon To Current Efficiency Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IncidentPhotonToCurrentEfficiencyMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: IPCE measurement; incident photon-to-current efficiency

Spectral responsivity measurement (IPCE vs wavelength) for DSSC.

Infrared Thermometry Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#InfraredThermometryMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: IR thermometer measurement; infrared camera temperature measurement; infrared thermometry

A measurement process that uses infrared thermometry measurement to determine Temperature and Operating Temperature using Thermometer and Infrared Camera.

Ink Composition Specification

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#InkCompositionSpecification
Type: Measurement
altLabel: ink composition; catalyst ink composition; sample specifications

A measurement process that uses ink composition specification to determine Sample Mass, Water Mass Fraction In Ink, and Isopropanol Mass Fraction In Ink.

Ink Formulation Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#InkFormulationMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: ink formulation; formulation of printing ink

A measurement process for ink formulation measurement.

Ink Formulation Specification

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#InkFormulationSpecification
Type: Measurement
altLabel: ink formulation

Specification of DIW ink formulations: volume fractions of SMP-10, ZrB2, and SiC fiber; plus average chopped fiber length.

Ink Formulation Specification Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#InkFormulationSpecificationMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: ink formulation; ink formulation parameters

A measurement process that uses ink formulation specification measurement to determine Component Mass, Component Volume, and Component Weight Percent.

Ink Printability Assessment

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#InkPrintabilityAssessment
Type: Measurement
altLabel: printability assessment

A measurement process that uses ink printability assessment to determine Printability Z Number.

Ink Recipe Definition

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#InkRecipeDefinition
Type: Measurement

Tabulated composition of catalyst inks (Pt/C, Nafion, PTFE) used for catalyst layer fabrication.

Ink Stability Model Calculation

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#InkStabilityModelCalculation
Type: Measurement

Semi-empirical colloidal-interaction model used to calculate stability ratio and predicted stability times.

Iodine Value Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IodineValueMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: iodine value determination; iodine value

A measurement process that uses iodine value measurement to determine Iodine Value.

Ion Exchange Capacity Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IonExchangeCapacityMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: IEC; IEC measurement

A measurement process that uses ion exchange capacity measurement to determine Ion Exchange Capacity.

Ionomer Adsorption Isotherm Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IonomerAdsorptionIsothermMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: adsorption isotherm measurement; Nafion adsorption isotherm; adsorption ratio measurement

Quantifies Nafion adsorption on CB and Pt/C surfaces vs equilibrium concentration; Langmuir fits yield KL and Γmax.

Ionomer Adsorption Rate Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IonomerAdsorptionRateMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: adsorption rate measurement; ionomer adsorption into Pt/carbon

Determination of fraction of ionomer adsorbed onto Pt/C by filtering ink, drying supernatant, and weighing.

Ionomer Coating Simulation

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IonomerCoatingSimulation
Type: Measurement
altLabel: ionomer coating; ionomer coating step; ionomer adsorption simulation

Computational step that applies a constant-thickness ionomer film to carbon to meet a target I/C ratio.

Ionomer Dispersion Property Compilation

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IonomerDispersionPropertyCompilation
Type: Measurement
altLabel: ionomer dispersion solutions

A measurement process that uses ionomer dispersion property compilation to determine Alcohol Mass Fraction In Solvent Mixture, Ion Exchange Capacity, and Ionomer Dispersion Mass Fraction and generating Ionomer Dispersion Property Dataset.

Laser Diffraction Scattering Particle Size Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#LaserDiffractionScatteringParticleSizeMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: laser diffraction/scattering particle size analysis; laser diffraction; particle size distribution

Particle size distribution analyzer (Horiba LA-960V2) for carbon support particle size distribution.

Laser Particle Size Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#LaserParticleSizeMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: laser particle sizer; particle size distribution; laser diffraction particle size analysis

Laser particle sizing to determine powder particle size distribution (D50/median).

Light Intensity Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#LightIntensityMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: projector intensity measurement

Measurement of DLP projector light intensity using a radiometer/photometer.

Limiting Current Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#LimitingCurrentMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: limiting current measurements; limiting current; oxygen limiting current

Limiting current protocol using diluted O2 and voltage sweeps to derive O2 transport resistances.

Linear Shrinkage Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#LinearShrinkageMeasurement
Type: Measurement

Measurement of linear shrinkage (%) between as-cured and pyrolyzed flexural bars in height/width/length directions.

Linear Sweep Voltammetry

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#LinearSweepVoltammetry
Type: Measurement
altLabel: voltage sweep; LSV; linear sweep

A measurement process that uses linear sweep voltammetry to determine Current Density, Tafel Slope, and Overpotential using Electrochemical Workstation, Potentiostat, and RDERotator and generating Experiment Dataset and Polarization Curve Dataset.

Literature Microstructure Compilation

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#LiteratureMicrostructureCompilation
Type: Measurement
altLabel: review compilation

A measurement process that uses literature microstructure compilation to determine Carbon Black Particle Size, Catalyst Layer Thickness, and Inter Agglomerate Pore Size.

Literature Review Synthesis

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#LiteratureReviewSynthesis
Type: Measurement
altLabel: review synthesis; literature synthesis; literature review

A measurement process that uses literature review synthesis to determine Micropore Surface Area, Micropore Volume, and Mesopore Volume.

Material Specification

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MaterialSpecification
Type: Measurement
altLabel: sheet resistance specification

Metadata/specification values reported for purchased materials or substrates (e.g., FTO sheet resistance).

Material Specification Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MaterialSpecificationMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: material specification; materials specification

Capture manufacturer-reported or author-reported material specifications (e.g., molecular weight).

MEA Durability Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MEADurabilityMeasurement
Type: Measurement

Fuel-cell durability/stability measurement in MEA under constant applied voltage (0.4 V) with current monitored vs time.

MEA Polarization

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MEAPolarization
Type: Measurement

A measurement process that records membrane electrode assembly polarization behavior to determine current density, power density, mass activity, and related electrochemical performance properties under controlled operating conditions.

Membrane Area Expansion Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MembraneAreaExpansionMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: area expansion measurement

A measurement process that uses membrane area expansion measurement to determine Membrane Area Expansion Percent.

Membrane Swelling Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MembraneSwellingMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: swelling ratio of membrane; swelling measurement; swelling ratio measurement

Measurement of membrane solvent uptake via volumetric swelling ratio after soaking in solvent.

Membrane Thickness Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MembraneThicknessMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: membrane thickness; thickness measurement; membrane thickness spec

Measurement/record of membrane thickness (e.g., micrometer); reported ~80 µm.

Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MercuryIntrusionPorosimetryMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: mercury intrusion; mercury intrusion porosimetry; mercury porosimetry

Mercury intrusion to quantify larger pore volume (>50 nm) in catalyst layers.

Methanol Oxidation Reaction Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MethanolOxidationReactionMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: MOR

Electrochemical methanol oxidation measurement used as sensing/electrocatalysis readout.

Methanol Permeability Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MethanolPermeabilityMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: methanol permeability

Measurement of methanol permeability through membrane; method not specified in paper.

Micro X Ray Fluorescence Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MicroXRayFluorescenceMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: micro X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy; X-ray fluorescence; X-ray fluorescence (XRF)

Measurement activity to determine Pt loading via μXRF (instrument exists in ontology, measurement class not found).

Microbial Fuel Cell Polarization Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MicrobialFuelCellPolarizationMeasurement
Type: Measurement

Polarization/power-curve measurement of a microbial fuel cell (MFC) from open-circuit voltage to 0 mV, used to compute current density and peak power density.

Microporous Layer Thickness Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MicroporousLayerThicknessMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: thickness gauge measurement

Measurement of MPL thickness as thickness difference between coated GDM and uncoated MPS using thickness gauge.

Microscopy Protocol Specification

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MicroscopyProtocolSpecification
Type: Measurement

Specification of 3D laser scanning microscopy settings (wavelength, z-step, measured area).

Molecular Dynamics Simulation

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MolecularDynamicsSimulation
Type: Measurement
altLabel: molecular dynamics; MD simulation; atomistic molecular dynamics

Atomistic molecular dynamics simulation of PFSA ionomer thin films / interfaces (used in review to explain ionomer orientation, confined water, and O2 transport).

Nitrogen Physisorption Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#NitrogenPhysisorptionMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: BET measurement; BET surface area measurement; nitrogen physisorption

Nitrogen adsorption at 77 K to determine BET surface area and pore volume distribution (QSDFT).

NMR Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#NMRMeasurement
Type: Measurement

A measurement process that uses NMR measurement to determine Degree Of Sulfonation.

O2–N2 Switching Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#O2N2SwitchingMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: O2–N2 switching

A measurement process that uses O2–N2 switching measurement to determine Local Oxygen Transport Resistance using Fuel Cell Test Station and Gas Humidification Unit and generating Experiment Dataset.

Octane Adsorption BET Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#OctaneAdsorptionBETMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: BET; octane adsorption

A measurement process that uses octane adsorption BET measurement to determine BET Surface Area Octane Adsorption using Gas Sorption Analyzer.

Optical Microscopy Imaging Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#OpticalMicroscopyImagingMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: optical microscopy; optical microscopy images; optical micrographs

Optical microscopy imaging used to observe macroscopic structure of printed grids.

Optical Surface Profile Thickness Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#OpticalSurfaceProfileThicknessMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: surface profile microscope

Thickness measurement using super depth surface profile measurement microscope (optical profilometry-like).

Optical Transmittance Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#OpticalTransmittanceMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: optical transmittance analysis

Measurement of CCM optical transmittance (400–700 nm) to quantify catalyst-layer surface coverage.

Organic Flow Battery Polarization Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#OrganicFlowBatteryPolarizationMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: polarization measurement

A measurement process that uses organic flow battery polarization measurement to determine Power Density, Peak Power Density, and Open Circuit Voltage using Battery Analyzer and Diaphragm Pump and generating Polarization Curve Dataset.

Oxygen Gain/Loss Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#OxygenGainLossMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: oxygen gain/loss

A measurement process that uses oxygen Gain/Loss measurement to determine Local Oxygen Transport Resistance, Limiting Current Density, and Local Gas Transport Resistance using Fuel Cell Test Station and Gas Humidification Unit and generating Experiment Dataset and Local Oxygen Transport Resistance Dataset.

Particle Size Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ParticleSizeMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: particle size analyzer measurement; laser diffraction particle size analysis; particle size

Measurement of ZrB2 powder particle size (as-received and after milling).

PEMFCCFD Simulation

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PEMFCCFDSimulation
Type: Measurement
altLabel: CFD simulation; Ansys simulation; Direct numerical simulations (DNS) in Comsol

A measurement process that uses PEMFCCFD simulation to determine Oxygen Concentration, Current Density Per Pt Surface Area, and Low Activity Pt Particle Fraction using Ansys Fluent Fuel Cell Module and Comsol Multiphysics and generating Polarization Curve Dataset.

Mappings

skos:closeMatch https://purls.helmholtz-metadaten.de/hob/HDO_00001069 (simulation data)

Photocatalytic Degradation Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PhotocatalyticDegradationMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: photocatalytic degradation

Photocatalytic activity measurement tracking pollutant (RhB) degradation under visible light over time.

Photoluminescence Spectroscopy Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PhotoluminescenceSpectroscopyMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: photoluminescence spectra

Optical spectroscopy measurement of photoluminescence (spectrum) referenced in the review.

Photovoltaic JV Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PhotovoltaicJVMeasurement
Type: Measurement

Photovoltaic current-voltage measurement under illumination used to derive PCE, Voc, Jsc, FF.

Polarization Curve Fitting

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PolarizationCurveFitting
Type: Measurement
altLabel: Eq. (1) fitting

Empirical fitting of polarization curves using Eq. (1) to extract i0, i_n, r, m, n.

Polymer Characterization Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PolymerCharacterizationMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: polymer characterization

A measurement process that uses polymer characterization measurement to determine Number Average Molecular Weight and Polymer P Ka.

Porosity Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PorosityMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: pycnometer density and porosity calculation; porosity evaluation from FIB-SEM; porosity ε

Determination of total and open porosity from bulk/apparent/true density (caliper/balance + helium pycnometry).

Printing Parameter Specification

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PrintingParameterSpecification
Type: Measurement
altLabel: printing parameters

Reported DIW process setpoints such as print speed, deposition rate, and nozzle diameter.

Procedure Specification

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ProcedureSpecification
Type: Measurement
altLabel: experimental procedure; specified; curing procedure

Captures explicitly stated recipe/process parameters from the Methods section (not measured; specified).

Profilometer Tip Simulation

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ProfilometerTipSimulation
Type: Measurement
altLabel: simulation of profilometer tip motion

Simulation of hemispherical stylus tip traversing 3D microscopy profile to estimate thickness bias.

Profilometry Protocol Specification

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ProfilometryProtocolSpecification
Type: Measurement
altLabel: profilometry protocol

Specification of profilometry operating parameters (tip radius, force, speed, sampling).

Protocol Specification

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ProtocolSpecification
Type: Measurement
altLabel: test protocol; EIS protocol

Extraction of nominal experimental parameters from methods section

Proton Conductivity Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ProtonConductivityMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: conductivity measurement; proton conductivity; proton conductivity / resistivity measurement (EIS under H2/N2)

Measurement of proton conductivity of PA-doped membrane (reported at 160°C).

Pt Utilization Calculation

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PtUtilizationCalculation
Type: Measurement
altLabel: Pt utilization; TSA calculation; utilisation calculation

Calculation of Pt utilization from ECSA and physical Pt surface area (Eq. 10).

Pycnometry Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PycnometryMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: gas pycnometer density measurement; helium pycnometer

A measurement process that determines true density using a helium pycnometer.

Quartz Crystal Microbalance Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#QuartzCrystalMicrobalanceMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: QCM; quartz crystal microbalance

Quartz-crystal microbalance measurement used to quantify sulfuric acid mass uptake in thin films.

Raman Spectroscopy Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#RamanSpectroscopyMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: Raman spectra; Raman spectroscopy; RAMAN

A measurement process that uses Raman spectroscopy to determine Raman band positions and intensity ratios using a Raman spectrometer.

Reference Electrode Calibration Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ReferenceElectrodeCalibrationMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: Reference electrode potential against RHE was measured

Measurement of reference electrode potential offset (Ag/AgCl vs RHE) in the electrolyte batch before experiments.

Reported Material Property

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ReportedMaterialProperty
Type: Measurement
altLabel: reported property; reported property value (from literature)

Material property value stated in the paper (may originate from cited synthesis/characterization work).

Review Statement Extraction

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ReviewStatementExtraction
Type: Measurement
altLabel: review statement

Use for numeric values stated in review text (targets/ranges) rather than newly measured data.

Rheology Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#RheologyMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: viscosity measurement; steady-shear rheological measurement; rheological tests

Measurement of viscosity/rheology versus shear rate for catalyst inks or ionomer dispersions.

Rotating Ring Disk Voltammetry

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#RotatingRingDiskVoltammetry
Type: Measurement
altLabel: rotating ring disk electrode; rotating disk electrode; rotating ring disk electrode measurements

A measurement process that uses rotating ring disk voltammetry to determine Current Density, Kinetic Current, and Electron Transfer Number using Electrochemical Workstation, RRDEAssembly, and Glassy Carbon Disk Electrode and generating Experiment Dataset and Limiting Current Dataset.

Scanning Electron Microscopy Imaging

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ScanningElectronMicroscopyImaging
Type: Measurement
altLabel: SEM; SEM images; SEM imaging

Electron microscopy imaging/analysis used in this review to report membrane/CL morphology and thickness.

Screen Mesh Characterization Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ScreenMeshCharacterizationMeasurement
Type: Measurement

Characterization of screen mesh free volume (BCM/cm2) versus ruling.

Sedimentation Test Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SedimentationTestMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: sedimentation test

A measurement process that uses sedimentation test measurement to determine Agglomerate Diameter.

SEM Imaging

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SEMImaging
Type: Measurement
altLabel: SEM

Used to confirm film/pattern thickness and morphology.

SEM Imaging Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SEMImagingMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: SEM imaging; SEM; FE-SEM imaging

SEM images used to compare catalyst-layer surface microstructure (void distribution described qualitatively).

Solid Content Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SolidContentMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: solid content

A measurement process that uses solid content measurement to determine Solid Content Fraction.

Solution Composition Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SolutionCompositionMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: solution composition

A measurement process that uses solution composition measurement to determine Ionomer Mass Fraction, Water Mass Fraction In Solvent Mixture, and Alcohol Mass Fraction In Solvent Mixture.

Solvent Physical Property Compilation

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SolventPhysicalPropertyCompilation
Type: Measurement
altLabel: solvent properties; solvent property calculation/compilation; Table 1 solvent properties

A measurement process that uses solvent physical property compilation to determine Boiling Point, Dielectric Constant, and Hansen Solubility Parameter Dispersion using Rheometer and generating Solvent Physical Property Dataset.

Solvent Property Lookup

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SolventPropertyLookup
Type: Measurement
altLabel: solvent property; calculated solvent properties; solubility parameter lookup

Represents solvent property values stated in text (not measured here)

Solvent Property Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SolventPropertyMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: solvent physicochemical properties; surface tension measurement; properties of solvents

A measurement process that uses solvent property measurement to determine Dielectric Constant, Boiling Point, and Viscosity using Ubbelohde Viscometer, Tensiometer, and Contact Angle Goniometer and generating Solvent Physical Property Dataset.

Spectroscopic Ellipsometry Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SpectroscopicEllipsometryMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: swelling measurement; thickness measurement; spectroscopic ellipsometry

Spectroscopic ellipsometry used to measure film thickness and swelling fraction vs RH.

Spray Coating Parameter Specification

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SprayCoatingParameterSpecification
Type: Measurement
altLabel: spray-coating parameters

Specification of spray-coating operating parameters (flow rate, pressure, temperature, nozzle height, speed).

Square Wave Voltammetry

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SquareWaveVoltammetry
Type: Measurement

A measurement process that uses square wave voltammetry to determine Peak Current and Peak Potential using Electrochemical Workstation and generating Experiment Dataset.

Strain Gauge Sensing Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#StrainGaugeSensingMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: strain sensing; impedance-based strain measurement; strain sensor test

Measurement protocol where sensor impedance is monitored while applying cyclic mechanical strain (simulated physiological conditions).

Stylus Profilometry Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#StylusProfilometryMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: stylus profilometry; stylus profiler

Stylus profilometry used to reconstruct 3D thickness/roughness maps over full 5×5 cm coating (after corrections).

Surface Basicity Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SurfaceBasicityMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: surface acido-basicity measurement

A measurement process that determines changes in surface basicity from pH measurements after contact between a material and solution.

Surface Preparation Specification

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SurfacePreparationSpecification
Type: Measurement

Tabulated/specification-like numeric parameters describing Pt(111) substrate preparation and geometry (annealing T/time, dimensions).

Tafel Polarization Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#TafelPolarizationMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: Tafel polarization

Tafel polarization on symmetric dummy cell to extract exchange current density and limiting current density.

Tafel Slope Step Analysis

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#TafelSlopeStepAnalysis
Type: Measurement
altLabel: Tafel step analysis; Tafel slope analysis; TS

Analysis of Tafel plot step to quantify CD loss linked to specific adsorption/connectivity.

Tensile Test Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#TensileTestMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: tensile test; INSTRON 3344 tensile test; Instron tensile test

Mechanical tensile testing to obtain tensile strength, elongation, and Young’s modulus.

Thermogravimetric Analysis Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ThermogravimetricAnalysisMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: thermogravimetric analysis

Thermogravimetric analysis used to quantify polymer grafting via mass loss.

Three D Laser Scanning Microscopy Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ThreeDLaserScanningMicroscopyMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: laser scanning microscopy

Confocal 3D laser scanning microscopy on ~0.25 cm² central region to measure surface topography.

Three Interval Thixotropy Test

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ThreeIntervalThixotropyTest
Type: Measurement
altLabel: thixotropy test; viscosity recovery test

Rheology protocol with low-strain, high-strain, then recovery steps used to quantify thixotropy/structure recovery.

Three Point Flexural Strength Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ThreePointFlexuralStrengthMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: three-point flexure

Three-point flexure test on pyrolyzed bars to obtain flexural strength.

Through Plane Electronic Conductivity Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ThroughPlaneElectronicConductivityMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: through-plane conductivity test; through-plane tests; electrical conductivity measurement

A measurement process that uses through plane electronic conductivity measurement to determine Through Plane Electronic Conductivity, Scaling Exponent T, and Electrical Percolation Threshold Volume Fraction using Micro Ohm Meter, Gold Plated Probes, and Pneumatic Jack and generating Conductivity Dataset.

Through Plane Thermal Conductivity Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ThroughPlaneThermalConductivityMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: thermal conductivity apparatus; ex-situ thermal conductivity

Description (paper-context): Ex-situ through-plane measurement of catalyst-layer thermal conductivity using a custom heat-flux/temperature-gradient rig (Fourier-law-based).

Through-Plane Gas Transport Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ThroughPlaneGasTransportMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: through-plane gas transport

A measurement process that uses Through-Plane gas transport measurement to determine Local Oxygen Transport Resistance, Effective Oxygen Diffusion Coefficient, and Mass Transport Resistance using Through-Plane Transport Cell and Environmental Chamber and generating Experiment Dataset.

Time Resolved Photoluminescence Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#TimeResolvedPhotoluminescenceMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: time-resolved PL decay; time-resolved PL

Time-resolved photoluminescence measurement used to compare decay lifetimes of composites.

Tortuosity Calculation

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#TortuosityCalculation
Type: Measurement
altLabel: geometric tortuosity calculation

A measurement process that uses tortuosity calculation to determine Catalyst Layer Tortuosity.

Transesterification Performance Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#TransesterificationPerformanceMeasurement
Type: Measurement

Assessment of catalytic performance for biodiesel production via soybean oil transesterification; quantified by GC-FID (EN14103).

Transmission Electron Microscopy Imaging

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#TransmissionElectronMicroscopyImaging
Type: Measurement
altLabel: TEM; transmission electron microscopy; TEM imaging

A measurement process that uses transmission electron microscopy imaging to determine Interplanar Spacing, Mean Particle Size, and Carbon Nanotube Outer Diameter using TEM Instrument and generating Microstructure Image Dataset.

Transmission Line Model Analysis

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#TransmissionLineModelAnalysis
Type: Measurement
altLabel: transmission line model

Analysis method to extract proton resistance and Cdl from impedance spectra.

Ultra Small Angle X Ray Scattering Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#UltraSmallAngleXRayScatteringMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering; in-situ X-ray scattering; X-ray scattering

USAXS/SAXS scattering measurements on inks to quantify agglomeration/fractal dimension.

UV Visible Spectroscopy Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#UVVisibleSpectroscopyMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: UV–vis; UV spectra; UV-visible tests

UV–vis spectroscopy used to track monomer polymerization kinetics.

Visual Inspection Stability Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#VisualInspectionStabilityMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: visual inspection

Qualitative stability test based on visually observed phase separation / settling time.

Water Content Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#WaterContentMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: water content

A measurement process that uses water content measurement to determine Water Content Fraction and Water Uptake Indicator using Karl Fischer Titrator.

Water Storage Space Calculation

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#WaterStorageSpaceCalculation
Type: Measurement
altLabel: theoretical water storage calculation

A measurement process that uses water storage space calculation to determine Areal Water Storage Space.

Water Vapor Adsorption Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#WaterVaporAdsorptionMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: water vapor adsorption

Water vapor adsorption to estimate hydrophilicity and water uptake.

X Ray Computed Tomography Imaging

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#XRayComputedTomographyImaging
Type: Measurement
altLabel: X-ray computed tomography; X-ray CT; X-ray tomography

3D imaging measurement to quantify pore structure, porosity, and tortuosity in catalyst layers.

X Ray Computed Tomography Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#XRayComputedTomographyMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: x-ray computed tomography; X-ray tomography; X-ray CT

X-ray computed tomography imaging used to quantify fiber orientation angles and internal defects.

X Ray Diffraction Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#XRayDiffractionMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: XRD; X-ray diffraction; XRD measurement

XRD used to estimate Pt crystallite size (Scherrer) and theoretical surface area.

X Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#XRayPhotoelectronSpectroscopyMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Surface chemical analysis measurement used to quantify elemental composition and chemical speciation of inks/catalysts.

Xrite Optical Property Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#XriteOpticalPropertyMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: X-rite

A measurement process that uses xrite optical property measurement to determine Transparency, Delta S, and Color Difference Delta Eab using Xrite Spectrophotometer.

Zeta Potential Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ZetaPotentialMeasurement
Type: Measurement
altLabel: surface zeta potential; ζ-potential measurement; electrophoretic mobility measurement

Measurement of zeta potential to assess colloidal stability of catalyst inks.

Instruments

187 terms

AFM Instrument

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AFMInstrument
Type: Instrument
altLabel: Agilent 5500 AFM microscope; Multimode 8 AFM (Bruker); AFM (NanoMan VS

AFM microscope used for in-situ liquid AFM imaging (Agilent 5500).

Ag/AgCl

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AgAgCl
Type: Instrument, electrochemistry_7729c34e_1ae9_403d_b933_1765885e7f29
altLabel: Ag/AgCl reference electrode (Metrohm); Ag/AgCl reference electrode; saturated Ag/AgCl

An instrument corresponding to a silver/silver chloride reference electrode and used as a reference electrode in electrochemical measurements.

Analytical Balance

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AnalyticalBalance
Type: Instrument
altLabel: electronic balance; A&D BM-20 microelectronic balance; BM-20 microelectronic balance

Balance used to weigh substrates pre/post coating (air ionizer used to reduce static).

Analytical Centrifuge

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AnalyticalCentrifuge
Type: Instrument
altLabel: AC; dispersion stability analyzer

Analytical centrifuge used to capture transmittograms/stability trajectory; not present as named Instrument in ontology.

Ansys Fluent Fuel Cell Module

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AnsysFluentFuelCellModule
Type: Instrument
altLabel: Ansys Fluent 15.0

An instrument corresponding to an ansys fluent fuel cell module and used in PEMFCCFD Simulation.

Arduino Mega 2560

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ArduinoMega2560
Type: Instrument

Microcontroller used to receive g-code and control DIW printing.

Automatic Plunge Freezer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AutomaticPlungeFreezer
Type: Instrument

Instrument for automated plunge freezing of TEM grids into cryogen (liquid ethane).

Ball Mill

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#BallMill
Type: Instrument
altLabel: roller mill; jar mill

Device for ball-milling dispersion of ink; not present as named Instrument in ontology.

Battery Analyzer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#BatteryAnalyzer
Type: Instrument
altLabel: battery analyzer (TOB

An instrument corresponding to a battery analyzer and used in Organic Flow Battery Polarization Measurement and Galvanostatic Charge Discharge Measurement.

Bead Mill Machine

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#BeadMillMachine
Type: Instrument

Bead-mill instrument used to grind and disperse ink components during catalyst ink preparation.

BET Analyzer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#BETAnalyzer
Type: Instrument
altLabel: BET analyzer (Micromeritics ASAP 2010)

Instrument for BET nitrogen adsorption (specific surface area, pore volume).

BET Surface Analyzer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#BETSurfaceAnalyzer
Type: Instrument
altLabel: Gemini VII surface analyzer

An instrument corresponding to a BET surface analyzer and used in Nitrogen Physisorption Measurement.

Capillary Furnace

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CapillaryFurnace
Type: Instrument

Capillary furnace used for heating vacuum-encapsulated specimens.

Centrifuge

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Centrifuge
Type: Instrument

Used to centrifuge inks at 4000 rpm for bubble removal.

Comsol Multiphysics

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ComsolMultiphysics
Type: Instrument

An instrument corresponding to a comsol multiphysics and used in PEMFCCFD Simulation.

Confocal Microscope

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ConfocalMicroscope
Type: Instrument
altLabel: Olympus Fluoview 1000 confocal microscope

Confocal microscope used for immunofluorescence imaging to quantify astrocyte coverage and cell morphology on substrates.

Contact Angle Goniometer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ContactAngleGoniometer
Type: Instrument
altLabel: sessile drop goniometer

An instrument corresponding to a contact angle goniometer and used in Solvent Property Measurement and Contact Angle Measurement.

Cryo Ultramicrotome

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CryoUltramicrotome
Type: Instrument
altLabel: cryo-ultramicrotome (Leica EMFCS)

Prepares neat cross-sections at -140°C for optical imaging.

Cryostat

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Cryostat
Type: Instrument
altLabel: Lauda Eco Silver RE1050 cryostat

Cryostat/temperature control unit for fuel cell test station.

Data Acquisition Computer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DataAcquisitionComputer
Type: Instrument
altLabel: supervising computer

Computer/data acquisition system used to store measured aging data.

Diaphragm Pump

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DiaphragmPump
Type: Instrument

An instrument corresponding to a diaphragm pump and used in Organic Flow Battery Polarization Measurement.

Differential Scanning Calorimeter

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DifferentialScanningCalorimeter
Type: Instrument
altLabel: DSC

Differential scanning calorimeter instrument used to collect DSC curves during heating (TA Q2000).

Digital Balance

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DigitalBalance
Type: Instrument

Balance used for mass measurement for density/porosity calculations.

Digital Caliper

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DigitalCaliper
Type: Instrument

Caliper used to measure dimensions for bulk density calculation.

Digital Microscope

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DigitalMicroscope
Type: Instrument
altLabel: VHX-5000 digital microscope (Keyence)

Optical/digital microscope used for imaging fracture surfaces and measuring fiber length after dilution.

Digital Multimeter

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DigitalMultimeter
Type: Instrument
altLabel: Keithley digital multimeter; Keithley 2000 multimeter

Digital multimeter used to measure cell voltage and current.

Dip Coater Instrument

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DipCoaterInstrument
Type: Instrument
altLabel: KSV dip-coater LM; KSV dip coater

An instrument corresponding to a dip coater instrument and used in Dip Coating Process.

Direct Ink Writing Printer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DirectInkWritingPrinter
Type: Instrument
altLabel: extrusion-based 3D printer; three-axis 3D printer; DIW printer

Motor-driven DIW/robocasting printer with syringe driver for controlled extrusion and retraction.

Dispersion Machine

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DispersionMachine
Type: Instrument

Dispersion/stirring machine used during ink preparation.

DLP Projector

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DLPProjector
Type: Instrument
altLabel: digital projector (Vivitek D912HD) with modified optics

Projector-based exposure system used for DLP vat photopolymerization.

DLP Resin Tank

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DLPResinTank
Type: Instrument
altLabel: resin tank

Resin vat used in top-down DLP printing.

DLS Instrument

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DLSInstrument
Type: Instrument
altLabel: dynamic light scattering instrument; DLS; light scattering instrument

Instrument for measuring particle/agglomerate hydrodynamic size distribution in inks/solutions.

DSC Instrument

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DSCInstrument
Type: Instrument
altLabel: DSC 3+ STARe System; Mettler Toledo DSC; NETZSCH STA449 F3 (DSC)

An instrument corresponding to a DSC instrument and used in Differential Scanning Calorimetry Measurement.

Dynamic Hydrogen Electrode (H2 Anode in MEA)

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DynamicHydrogenElectrode
Type: electrochemistry_7729c34e_1ae9_403d_b933_1765885e7f29, Instrument
altLabel: DHE; hydrogen electrode; H2 anode as reference electrode

An instrument corresponding to a dynamic hydrogen electrode and used as a reference electrode in electrochemical measurements.

Dynamic Light Scattering Instrument

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DynamicLightScatteringInstrument
Type: Instrument
altLabel: DLS instrument; light scattering instrument

An instrument corresponding to a dynamic light scattering instrument and used in Dynamic Light Scattering Measurement and Zeta Potential Measurement.

Elcometer 4340 Bar Coating Device

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Elcometer4340BarCoatingDevice
Type: Instrument
altLabel: Elcometer 4340; Meyer rod (bar coater); Mayer bar coater

Bar-coating/film-applicator device used for film-casting deposition.

Electric Load

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ElectricLoad
Type: Instrument
altLabel: PLI1206ZVSV5 electric load; Höcherl and Hackl PLI1206ZVSV5 electric load; electronic load

Electronic load used to control current during fuel cell tests.

Electrochemical Workstation

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ElectrochemicalWorkstation
Type: Instrument
altLabel: electrochemical impedance spectroscope / potentiostat; CHI760E electrochemical workstation; electrochemical analyzer

An instrument corresponding to an electrochemical workstation and used in MEAPolarization, Square Wave Voltammetry, and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Potentiostatic.

ELS Instrument

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ELSInstrument
Type: Instrument
altLabel: ELS

Instrument/technique to measure zeta potential for colloidal stability.

Environmental Chamber

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#EnvironmentalChamber
Type: Instrument
altLabel: climate chamber

An instrument corresponding to an environmental chamber and used in Through-Plane Gas Transport Measurement.

Envisiontec 3 D Bio Plotter

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Envisiontec3DBioPlotter
Type: Instrument

Extrusion-based 3D printer used to extrude microfilaments.

EQE Spectrometer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#EQESpectrometer
Type: Instrument
altLabel: EQE system; QE spectrometer

Instrument/system for EQE measurement.

ESR Spectrometer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ESRSpectrometer
Type: Instrument
altLabel: X-band Bruker spectrometer (ESP-500)

ESR spectrometer used for detecting radical species with DMPO spin trap.

Excimer Laser Instrument

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ExcimerLaserInstrument
Type: Instrument
altLabel: KrF excimer laser

KrF excimer laser used in pulsed laser deposition (PLD) of catalyst/support films.

F 19 NMR Instrument

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#F19NMRInstrument
Type: Instrument
altLabel: ¹⁹F NMR

NMR instrument used to quantify Nafion adsorption isotherms (19F-NMR).

Fiber Optic Oxygen Probe

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FiberOpticOxygenProbe
Type: Instrument
altLabel: high-speed fiber optic oxygen probe (OXR430-UHS)

An instrument corresponding to a fiber-optic oxygen probe and used in in-plane effective diffusivity measurement.

Fiji Image J Software

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FijiImageJSoftware
Type: Instrument
altLabel: Fiji ImageJ

An instrument corresponding to a fiji image J software.

Fixed Bed Reactor

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FixedBedReactor
Type: Instrument
altLabel: fixed-bed column; quartz tube reactor; CVD reactor

Fixed-bed reactor setup for DRM catalytic testing.

Fluorescence Microscope

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FluorescenceMicroscope
Type: Instrument

An instrument corresponding to a fluorescence microscope and used in Fluorescence Microscopy Imaging.

Freeze Drier

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FreezeDrier
Type: Instrument

Freeze drier used for freeze-drying green parts.

FTIR Instrument

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FTIRInstrument
Type: Instrument
altLabel: Bruker FTIR analyzer

An instrument corresponding to a FTIR instrument and used in FTIR Spectroscopy Measurement.

FTIR Spectrometer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FTIRSpectrometer
Type: Instrument
altLabel: Thermo Scientific Nicolet 6700 FTIR; FTIR (Nicolet iS5; Perkin Elmer 100 FT-IR spectrometer

FTIR spectrometer used for ATR–FTIR measurements of cross-link stability.

Fuel Cell Test Cell

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FuelCellTestCell
Type: Instrument
altLabel: Baltic ISE qCf Liquid Cooling high amp zero gradient test cell; Baltic FuelCells quickConnect® test cell 'high amp'; Baltic ISE qCf test cell

Single-cell hardware used for MEA tests.

Fuel Cell Test Station

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FuelCellTestStation
Type: Instrument
altLabel: single-cell test station; Scribner 850e Fuel Cell Test System; single-cell test system

An instrument corresponding to a fuel cell test station and used in Oxygen Gain/Loss Measurement, O2–N2 Switching Measurement, and Current-Interrupt HFR Measurement.

Gas Adsorption Analyzer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#GasAdsorptionAnalyzer
Type: Instrument
altLabel: Micromeritics nitrogen adsorption analyser

Instrument for N2 physisorption (77 K) measurements.

Gas Chromatograph

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#GasChromatograph
Type: Instrument

Gas chromatograph (GC) used to analyze outlet gases during DRM testing.

Gas Chromatograph FID

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#GasChromatographFID
Type: Instrument
altLabel: GC-FID

Gas chromatograph with flame ionization detector used to quantify ester content (EN14103).

Gas Chromatography Instrument

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#GasChromatographyInstrument
Type: Instrument

Gas chromatography instrument used to determine fatty acid compositions (Section 3.1).

Gas Humidification Unit

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#GasHumidificationUnit
Type: Instrument
altLabel: gas humidification; humidification unit; humidified gases

An instrument corresponding to a gas humidification unit and used in Oxygen Gain/Loss Measurement, O2–N2 Switching Measurement, and MEAPolarization.

Gas Sorption Analyzer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#GasSorptionAnalyzer
Type: Instrument
altLabel: TI-SA+ vapor sorption analyzer; water vapor sorption analyzer (TA Instruments); ASAP 2020 gas sorption analyzer

An instrument corresponding to a gas sorption analyzer and used in Nitrogen Physisorption Measurement, Water Vapor Adsorption Measurement, and Octane Adsorption BET Measurement.

GCMS Instrument

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#GCMSInstrument
Type: Instrument

GC-MS instrument used to analyze degradation intermediates.

GDE Fixture

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#GDEFixture
Type: Instrument

An instrument corresponding to a GDE fixture.

GDE Half Cell Setup

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#GDEHalfCellSetup
Type: Instrument
altLabel: GDE setup; GDE half-cell

Gas diffusion electrode half-cell test fixture enabling high-current ORR testing with gas feed to electrode and liquid electrolyte contact (per ref. [22]).

Gel Permeation Chromatography Instrument

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#GelPermeationChromatographyInstrument
Type: Instrument
altLabel: GPC

Instrument for GPC measurements; not found in ontology.

Glassy Carbon Disk Electrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#GlassyCarbonDiskElectrode
Type: Instrument
altLabel: glassy carbon (GC) disk electrode; glassy carbon disk; glassy carbon electrode

Working electrode substrate (glassy carbon disk) used in RDE measurements.

Gloss Meter

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#GlossMeter
Type: Instrument
altLabel: BIUGED BGD 514 gloss meter (60°)

Gloss meter instrument used to measure gloss (60°) of printed films (Section 2.4.1.6).

Gold Plated Probes

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#GoldPlatedProbes
Type: Instrument

An instrument corresponding to a gold plated probes and used in Through Plane Electronic Conductivity Measurement.

Graphite Rod Counter Electrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#GraphiteRodCounterElectrode
Type: Instrument
altLabel: graphite rod counter

An instrument corresponding to a graphite rod counter electrode and used in Cyclic Voltammetry.

Gravity Feed Airbrush

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#GravityFeedAirbrush
Type: Instrument
altLabel: gravity-fed airbrush

Specific airbrush feed mechanism used for spray coating; compared against suction-feed type.

Hall Measurement System

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HallMeasurementSystem
Type: Instrument
altLabel: Lake Shore 8400 Hall system

System used for Hall mobility, conductivity, and sheet resistance testing.

Heat Gun

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HeatGun
Type: Instrument

Used for thermal curing/sintering of conductive ink layers (~120°C).

Heated Vacuum Table

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HeatedVacuumTable
Type: Instrument
altLabel: vacuum table assembly

Custom heated vacuum hold-down stage (90°C) to keep PEM flat and accelerate solvent evaporation during ink deposition.

Helium Pycnometer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HeliumPycnometer
Type: Instrument
altLabel: helium gas pycnometer; gas pycnometer

Helium pycnometer used to measure apparent and true (skeleton) density of lattice samples.

High Pressure Homogenizer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HighPressureHomogenizer
Type: Instrument

Device for high-pressure homogenization of ink; not present as named Instrument in ontology.

High Shear Mixer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HighShearMixer
Type: Instrument
altLabel: mechanical mixer; Turrax mixer T25; rotor-stator mixer

High-shear mixing device (e.g., rotating blade up to 20,000 rpm); not present as named Instrument in ontology.

High Speed Video Camera

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HighSpeedVideoCamera
Type: Instrument

High-speed camera used to capture pillar formation.

Hot Blower

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HotBlower
Type: Instrument

Gas hot blower used for heating capillary during in situ XRD.

Hot Plate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HotPlate
Type: Instrument

An instrument corresponding to a hot plate and used in Spray Coating.

Hot Press

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HotPress
Type: Instrument
altLabel: flat-press; flat hot-press; hot-press machine

An instrument corresponding to a hot press and used in MEAAssembly Process, Hot Pressing, and Decal Transfer.

Humidity Sensor

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HumiditySensor
Type: Instrument
altLabel: DHT22 humidity sensor

Humidity sensor used to monitor RH in measurement setups (±3% accuracy stated).

ICP Instrument

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ICPInstrument
Type: Instrument
altLabel: ICP

Instrument for inductively coupled plasma elemental analysis.

ICPAES Instrument

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ICPAESInstrument
Type: Instrument
altLabel: ICP-AES; ICP instrument

Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer used to quantify Pt for loading determination.

Ilastik Software

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IlastikSoftware
Type: Instrument
altLabel: Ilastik

An instrument corresponding to an ilastik software.

Infrared Camera

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#InfraredCamera
Type: Instrument

Infrared camera used to measure stack temperature.

Inkjet Printer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#InkjetPrinter
Type: Instrument
altLabel: Dimatix printer; piezo driven ink jet printer; Dimatix DMP-2811 printer

An instrument corresponding to an inkjet printer and used in Inkjet Printing and Inkjet Printing Process.

Karl Fischer Titrator

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#KarlFischerTitrator
Type: Instrument
altLabel: Metrohm 870 Titrino plus

Karl Fischer titrator instrument used to determine water content (Section 2.3.5).

Kitchen Blender

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#KitchenBlender
Type: Instrument
altLabel: kitchen blender (AUX Co.)

Household blender used for solvent-free shear mixing of biomass with Fe salt.

Kookaburra USANS Instrument

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#KookaburraUSANSInstrument
Type: Instrument
altLabel: Kookaburra USANS instrument (ANSTO)

An instrument corresponding to a kookaburra USANS instrument and used in Contrast Variation SANSUSANS Measurement.

Laser Diffraction Particle Size Analyzer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#LaserDiffractionParticleSizeAnalyzer
Type: Instrument
altLabel: LS 13 320 Particle Size Analyzer (Beckman Coulter); S3500 Microtrac laser diffraction particle size analyzer

Laser diffraction analyzer used in wet mode for particle sizing.

Laser Particle Sizer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#LaserParticleSizer
Type: Instrument

Instrument for laser-based particle size distribution measurement.

Linear Stage

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#LinearStage
Type: Instrument
altLabel: vertical z stage

Vertical linear motion stage moving the build platform between DLP and DIW positions.

Magnetic Stirrer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MagneticStirrer
Type: Instrument
altLabel: magnetic stirring; magnetic bar; stirred

An instrument corresponding to a magnetic stirrer and used in Catalyst Ink Preparation.

Mass Flow Controller

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MassFlowController
Type: Instrument
altLabel: MFC; flow controller; gas flow controllers

An instrument corresponding to a mass flow controller and used in MEAPolarization, Spray Coating, and Fuel Cell Test Station.

MATLAB Software

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MATLABSoftware
Type: Instrument
altLabel: MATLAB®

An instrument corresponding to a MATLAB software.

Mechanical Actuation Bioreactor

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MechanicalActuationBioreactor
Type: Instrument
altLabel: CellScale MCT6 bioreactor apparatus

Mechanical actuation system used to impose cyclic strain on sensor under simulated physiological conditions.

Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry Measurement 3

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MercuryIntrusionPorosimetryMeasurement3
Type: Instrument
altLabel: Mercury Porosimeter

An instrument corresponding to a mercury intrusion porosimetry measurement 3 and used in Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry Measurement and Mercury Porosimeter.

Mercury Mercury Oxide Reference Electrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MercuryMercuryOxideReferenceElectrode
Type: Instrument
altLabel: Hg/HgO reference electrode

An instrument corresponding to a mercury mercury oxide reference electrode.

Mercury Porosimeter

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MercuryPorosimeter
Type: Instrument
altLabel: Quantachrome mercury porosimeter; mercury intrusion porosimeter; Pascal 240 porosimeter (Thermo Electron – Porotec)

Instrument for mercury intrusion porosimetry

Mercury Sulfate Reference Electrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MercurySulfateReferenceElectrode
Type: Instrument
altLabel: Hg/Hg2SO4 reference electrode

An instrument corresponding to a mercury sulfate reference electrode and used in Cyclic Voltammetry.

Micro Ohm Meter

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MicroOhmMeter
Type: Instrument

An instrument corresponding to a micro ohm meter and used in In Plane Electronic Conductivity Measurement and Through Plane Electronic Conductivity Measurement.

Micro X Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MicroXRayFluorescenceSpectrometer
Type: Instrument
altLabel: micro X-ray fluorescence; XRF spectrometer; FISCHERSCOPE X-RAY XDV-SDD

An instrument corresponding to a micro X ray fluorescence spectrometer and used in Micro X Ray Fluorescence Measurement and Catalyst Loading Determination.

Microbalance

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Microbalance
Type: Instrument

Microbalance used to weigh Pt loadings.

Micrometer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Micrometer
Type: Instrument

An instrument corresponding to a micrometer and used in Catalyst Layer Thickness Measurement and Film Thickness Measurement.

Micropipette

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Micropipette
Type: Instrument
altLabel: micro-pipet; glass micropipette tip; micropipette tip

Ink dispensing tip used to deposit catalyst-ionomer ink onto membrane in automated deposition system.

Milli Ohmmeter

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MilliOhmmeter
Type: Instrument
altLabel: Agilent milli-ohmmeter

An instrument corresponding to a milli ohmmeter and used in Current-Interrupt HFR Measurement.

Muffle Furnace

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MuffleFurnace
Type: Instrument
altLabel: muffle furnace (Nabertherm GmbH)

An instrument corresponding to a muffle furnace and used in Sintering Process and Thermal Crosslinking.

Mythen II Array Detector

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MythenIIArrayDetector
Type: Instrument
altLabel: Mythen II

Mythen II X-ray detector array used for synchrotron powder diffraction.

Neutron Scattering Instrument

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#NeutronScatteringInstrument
Type: Instrument
altLabel: SANS instrument; neutron scattering

An instrument corresponding to a neutron scattering instrument and used in Contrast Variation SANSUSANS Measurement.

Nitrogen Adsorption Analyzer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#NitrogenAdsorptionAnalyzer
Type: Instrument
altLabel: SURFER volumetric sorption analyzer (Thermo Fisher Scientific); N2 adsorption analyzer

Instrument for N2 adsorption/desorption (surface area and pore analysis).

Nordson EFD 781 Nozzle

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#NordsonEFD781Nozzle
Type: Instrument

Spray nozzle used for robotic spray coating of inks.

Nozzle

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Nozzle
Type: Instrument
altLabel: dispensing nozzle; nozzle tip; tapered nozzle

Dispensing nozzle/tip used in DIW, characterized by an internal diameter.

Olympus LEXTOLS 5000

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#OlympusLEXTOLS5000
Type: Instrument

3D laser scanning confocal microscope used for surface roughness scans.

Optical Microscope

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#OpticalMicroscope
Type: Instrument
altLabel: optical imaging device; digital optical microscope

Optical microscope used to observe macroscopic printed structures.

Optical Surface Profiler

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#OpticalSurfaceProfiler
Type: Instrument
altLabel: KEYENCE VK-8550 Super Depth Surface Profile Measurement Microscope

An instrument corresponding to an optical surface profiler and used in Optical Surface Profile Thickness Measurement.

Oven

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Oven
Type: Instrument
altLabel: convection oven; vacuum oven; forced convection oven

An instrument corresponding to an oven and used in Catalyst Impregnation, Convection Drying, and Vacuum Drying.

Peristaltic Pump

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PeristalticPump
Type: Instrument
altLabel: low flow rate peristaltic pump; precise pump

Pump used to feed liquid methanol solution to anode at fixed flow rate.

pH Meter

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#pHMeter
Type: Instrument

An instrument corresponding to a pH meter and used in surface basicity measurement.

Planetary Centrifugal Mixer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PlanetaryCentrifugalMixer
Type: Instrument

Mixer used for mixing and degassing inks before bead milling.

Planetary Mixer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PlanetaryMixer
Type: Instrument
altLabel: Thinky-AR100 centrifugal ball milling mixer; planetary mixer/deaerator; Thinky ARV-310LED planetary vacuum mixer

Planetary mixer used to disperse powders and homogenize suspensions.

Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition System

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PlasmaEnhancedChemicalVaporDepositionSystem
Type: Instrument

PECVD reactor for VACNT growth (instrument/system).

Platinum Wire Counter Electrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PlatinumWireCounterElectrode
Type: Instrument
altLabel: Pt wire counter electrode

An instrument corresponding to a platinum wire counter electrode and used in Cyclic Voltammetry.

Pneumatic Dispenser

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PneumaticDispenser
Type: Instrument
altLabel: high-precision dispenser (Ultimus V)

Controls pneumatic-driven extrusion pressure for DIW inks.

Pneumatic Jack

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PneumaticJack
Type: Instrument

An instrument corresponding to a pneumatic jack and used in Through Plane Electronic Conductivity Measurement.

Pressure Regulator

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PressureRegulator
Type: Instrument
altLabel: electronic pressure regulating valve

Regulator controlling air pressure for spray atomization.

Printing Platform Stage

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PrintingPlatformStage
Type: Instrument
altLabel: linear stage; x-y-z stage

Movable build platform (glass with opaque film) mounted on a linear stage.

Quartz Crystal Microbalance

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#QuartzCrystalMicrobalance
Type: Instrument
altLabel: METTLER TOLEDO quartz crystal microbalance; QCM

An instrument corresponding to a quartz crystal microbalance and used in Catalyst Loading Determination and Quartz Crystal Microbalance Measurement.

Quokka SANS Instrument

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#QuokkaSANSInstrument
Type: Instrument
altLabel: Quokka SANS instrument (ANSTO)

An instrument corresponding to a quokka SANS instrument and used in Contrast Variation SANSUSANS Measurement.

Radiometer Photometer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#RadiometerPhotometer
Type: Instrument
altLabel: ILT1400-A Radiometer Photometer

Instrument used to measure projector light intensity.

Raman Spectrometer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#RamanSpectrometer
Type: Instrument
altLabel: Nicolet Almega XR Raman; Raman spectroscope (LabRAM HR; Renishaw inVia Qontor confocal Raman microscope

An instrument corresponding to a Raman spectrometer and used in Raman spectroscopy measurement.

RDE Rotator

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#RDERotator
Type: Instrument

An instrument corresponding to a rotating disk electrode rotator and used in linear sweep voltammetry and related rotating-electrode measurements.

Reference Electrode Mercurous Sulfate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ReferenceElectrodeMercurousSulfate
Type: Instrument
altLabel: mercurous sulfate electrode

Reference electrode used in half-cell; reported potentials converted/referenced to SHE.

Reference Electrode Mercury Mercury Oxide

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ReferenceElectrodeMercuryMercuryOxide
Type: Instrument

Reference electrode used for electrochemical measurements; potentials converted to RHE scale.

Rheometer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Rheometer
Type: Instrument
altLabel: stress-controlled rotational rheometer; stress-controlled rheometer; rotational rheometer

Instrument for measuring ink or solution rheology/viscosity versus shear rate.

Roll Press Machine

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#RollPressMachine
Type: Instrument
altLabel: roll-press

Hot-press apparatus with rotating cylindrical rollers and controlled rolling speed/roller temperature.

Rolling Machine

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#RollingMachine
Type: Instrument
altLabel: homemade rolling machine; rolling homogenization

Roller/rolling device used for long-duration homogenization of suspensions.

Rotating Disk Electrode System

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#RotatingDiskElectrodeSystem
Type: Instrument
altLabel: rotating disk electrode system (Pine Research); RDE; Pine Research rotating system

RDE system used for ORR testing (RDE; ontology contains RRDE terms but paper uses RDE).

Rotor Stator Homogenizer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#RotorStatorHomogenizer
Type: Instrument
altLabel: ULTRA-TURAX homogenizer

High-shear rotor–stator homogenizer used for ink mixing at 15,000 rpm.

RRDE Assembly

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#RRDEAssembly
Type: Instrument

An instrument corresponding to a rotating ring-disk electrode assembly and used in rotating ring-disk voltammetry and related electrochemical measurements.

SCE

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SCE
Type: electrochemistry_7729c34e_1ae9_403d_b933_1765885e7f29, Instrument
altLabel: saturated calomel electrode

An instrument corresponding to a saturated calomel electrode and used as a reference electrode in electrochemical measurements.

Screen Printing Machine

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ScreenPrintingMachine
Type: Instrument
altLabel: E1 machine (EKRA); Aurel 9000 screen-printer

Screen printing equipment used to print PICL inks onto GDL.

Segmented Cell System

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SegmentedCellSystem
Type: Instrument
altLabel: segmented fuel cell; segmented cell setup

10-segment cell hardware for spatially resolved impedance acquisition (Methods 2.1).

SEM Instrument

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SEMInstrument
Type: Instrument
altLabel: SEM; FE-SEM Amber X; SU9000 SEM system

Electron microscope used to image catalyst-layer microstructure and porosity.

SHE

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SHE
Type: Instrument, electrochemistry_7729c34e_1ae9_403d_b933_1765885e7f29
altLabel: standard hydrogen electrode

An instrument corresponding to a standard hydrogen electrode and used as a reference electrode in electrochemical measurements.

Solar Simulator IV Tester

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SolarSimulatorIVTester
Type: Instrument
altLabel: solar simulator; IV tester; photovoltaic test station

Instrument/system for J-V performance testing.

Solartron 1260 Impedance Analyzer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Solartron1260ImpedanceAnalyzer
Type: Instrument
altLabel: Solartron 1260 Impedance/gain-phase Analyzer

Specific impedance analyzer used for EIS (potentiostatic).

Spectroscopic Ellipsometer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SpectroscopicEllipsometer
Type: Instrument
altLabel: Horiba UVISEL Plus ellipsometer

Spectroscopic ellipsometer used to measure thin-film thickness and swelling vs RH.

Spray Coater

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SprayCoater
Type: Instrument
altLabel: ultrasonic spray system; spray system; pulse-swirl-spray coater

An instrument corresponding to a spray coater and used in Spray Coating and Ultrasonic Spray Coating.

Sputter Coater

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SputterCoater
Type: Instrument
altLabel: sputter coater (Quorum Q-150T ES)

Used to sputter-coat samples with gold before SEM.

Static Testing Machine

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#StaticTestingMachine
Type: Instrument
altLabel: multifunctional static testing machine

Mechanical testing machine used for crush strength measurement.

Steel Autoclave Reactor

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SteelAutoclaveReactor
Type: Instrument
altLabel: batch reactor

High-pressure batch reactor used for aqueous-phase hydrogenation.

Suction Feed Airbrush

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SuctionFeedAirbrush
Type: Instrument
altLabel: suction-fed airbrush; siphon-feed airbrush

Specific airbrush feed mechanism used for spray coating; compared against gravity-feed type.

Synchronous Thermal Analyzer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SynchronousThermalAnalyzer
Type: Instrument

Synchronous thermal analyzer used for TG–DSC measurements.

Syringe Driver

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SyringeDriver
Type: Instrument
altLabel: motor-driven system; syringe driver YSP-201

Mechanical drive that moves the syringe piston to start/stop ink flow (enables FOD mode).

Syringe Pump

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SyringePump
Type: Instrument
altLabel: syringe pump (NE1000)

Syringe pump controlling ink flow rate during spray coating.

Tack O Scope Instrument

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#TackOScopeInstrument
Type: Instrument
altLabel: Tack-O-Scope BV MAV/EL100

Instrument used to measure ink tack (U.T. scale).

Teflon Lined Autoclave

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#TeflonLinedAutoclave
Type: Instrument

Autoclave reactor used for hydrothermal synthesis at 180°C.

TEM Instrument

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#TEMInstrument
Type: Instrument
altLabel: TEM; HR TEM; JEM-2100 (HR) TEM

Electron microscope used to image catalyst nanoparticles and ionomer films.

Tensile Test Instrument

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#TensileTestInstrument
Type: Instrument
altLabel: INSTRON 3344; Instron tensile test instrument; Instron 5966

Universal testing machine used for tensile measurements.

Tensiometer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Tensiometer
Type: Instrument
altLabel: KRÜSS K8551 tensiometer; CBVP-A3 surface tensiometer

Ring-method tensiometer used to measure surface tension (liquids and substrate).

Thermogravimetric Analyzer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ThermogravimetricAnalyzer
Type: Instrument

An instrument corresponding to a thermogravimetric analyzer and used in Thermogravimetric Analysis Measurement.

Thermometer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Thermometer
Type: Instrument
altLabel: IR thermometer

Temperature sensor used to monitor printing environment.

Through-Plane Transport Cell

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ThroughPlaneTransportCell
Type: Instrument

An instrument corresponding to a Through-Plane transport cell and used in Through-Plane Gas Transport Measurement and Through Plane Thermal Conductivity Measurement.

Torque Wrench

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#TorqueWrench
Type: Instrument
altLabel: assembling torque

An instrument corresponding to a torque wrench and used in MEAAssembly Process.

Tube Furnace

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#TubeFurnace
Type: Instrument
altLabel: tube furnace (CM Furnaces 1830-10VF); two-furnace AP-CVD system; Lindberg Blue furnaces

Tube furnace used for pyrolysis under flowing argon.

Ubbelohde Viscometer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#UbbelohdeViscometer
Type: Instrument

An instrument corresponding to an ubbelohde viscometer and used in Solvent Property Measurement.

Ultrasonic Bath

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#UltrasonicBath
Type: Instrument
altLabel: ultra-sonication bath; water bath; cooling bath

An instrument corresponding to an ultrasonic bath and used in Catalyst Ink Preparation and Ink Ultrasonication.

Ultrasonic Spray Coating System

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#UltrasonicSprayCoatingSystem
Type: Instrument
altLabel: ultrasonic spray coating

Ultrasonic spray coater used for layer deposition (Prism 400)

Ultrasonicator

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Ultrasonicator
Type: Instrument
altLabel: horn type ultrasonicator; ultrasonic probe; ultrasonic bath

An instrument corresponding to an ultrasonicator and used in Catalyst Ink Preparation, Ink Ultrasonication, and Ultra Small Angle X Ray Scattering Measurement.

Universal Testing Machine

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#UniversalTestingMachine
Type: Instrument
altLabel: universal material testing machine; QJ211 universal testing machine

Testing machine used for compressive strength measurement.

UV Detector

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#UVDetector
Type: Instrument

Detector used to monitor UV light energy during curing experiments.

UV Vis NIR Spectrophotometer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#UVVisNIRSpectrophotometer
Type: Instrument
altLabel: UV–vis–near infrared recording spectrophotometer; JASCO V-670 UV–Vis NIR; Shimadzu Solid Spec-2700

UV–vis–NIR spectrophotometer used to measure CCM optical transmittance (400–700 nm).

UV Vis Spectrophotometer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#UVVisSpectrophotometer
Type: Instrument
altLabel: UV–vis spectrometer

Instrument to acquire UV–vis absorption spectra during polymerization tracking.

UV Visible Spectrophotometer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#UVVisibleSpectrophotometer
Type: Instrument
altLabel: UV-Vis spectrometer; UV–Vis spectrophotometer

Instrument for UV-Vis absorption spectra.

UVDIW Printer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#UVDIWPrinter
Type: Instrument

Custom UV-assisted direct-ink writing apparatus with 3-axis stage and UV sources on both sides of the needle.

Vacuum Moulder

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#VacuumMoulder
Type: Instrument

Vacuum moulding/degassing apparatus used for slurry degassing and impregnation under vacuum.

Veeco Dektak 8 Contact Profilometer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#VeecoDektak8ContactProfilometer
Type: Instrument
altLabel: Veeco Dektak 8; contact profilometer; stylus profilometer

Contact stylus profilometer used for thickness/roughness mapping.

Visible Light Lamp

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#VisibleLightLamp
Type: Instrument
altLabel: visible-light irradiation source

Light source used for visible-light irradiation during photodegradation/self-cleaning tests (paper mentions 300 W lamp).

Voltage Sensor

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#VoltageSensor
Type: Instrument
altLabel: plug-in sensors; voltage sensors

Voltage sensing hardware used to record fuel cell voltage during aging tests.

X Ray CT Instrument

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#XRayCTInstrument
Type: Instrument
altLabel: X-ray CT; X-ray computed tomography

Instrument for 3D imaging of catalyst layer pore structure.

X Ray Diffractometer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#XRayDiffractometer
Type: Instrument
altLabel: Philips PW1830 diffractometer; X'Pert PRO diffractometer; Panalytical Empyrean diffractometer

X-ray diffractometer used for XRD measurement (Philips PW1830 with Co X-ray source).

X Ray Microscope

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#XRayMicroscope
Type: Instrument
altLabel: Zeiss 3D X-ray microscope

An instrument corresponding to a X ray microscope and used in X Ray Computed Tomography Measurement.

X Ray Photoelectron Spectrometer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#XRayPhotoelectronSpectrometer
Type: Instrument
altLabel: photoelectron spectrometer; XPS spectrometer; Multilab 2000 spectrometer

An instrument corresponding to a X ray photoelectron spectrometer and used in X Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Measurement.

Xenon Lamp

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#XenonLamp
Type: Instrument

Visible-light irradiation source for photocatalytic tests (UV cutoff filter at 400 nm).

XPS Instrument

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#XPSInstrument
Type: Instrument

Instrument for X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

Xrite Spectrophotometer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#XriteSpectrophotometer
Type: Instrument
altLabel: EXACT–PANTONE X-rite spectrophotometer

Spectrophotometer used to measure optical properties (ΔE, etc.) of printed films (Section 2.4.1.5).

XY Moving Stage

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#XYMovingStage
Type: Instrument
altLabel: rastering stage; custom-built XY stage; computer-controlled X–Y stage

An instrument corresponding to an XY moving stage and used in electrospray deposition, direct ink writing, and apparatus specification measurement.

Zeta Potential Analyzer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ZetaPotentialAnalyzer
Type: Instrument
altLabel: Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZS90 (zeta potential)

Instrument used to measure zeta potential; not present as named Instrument in ontology.

Materials

464 terms

Acetic Acid Solution

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AceticAcidSolution
Type: Matter
altLabel: acetic acid

Diluted acetic acid used as peptiser for pseudo-boehmite.

Acetone

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Acetone
Type: Matter
altLabel: acetone solvent; acetone mixing solvent; acetone (nitrogen source mixture component)

Acetone used as component of ink solvent (50 vol.% in acetone:isopropanol mixture).

Acetonitrile

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Acetonitrile
Type: Matter

An material entity used for acetonitrile.

Acetylene Black Carbon Black

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AcetyleneBlackCarbonBlack
Type: Matter
altLabel: AB; Acetylene Black; Shawinigan acetylene black

Carbon black type (acetylene black) used as carbon powder in MPL inks.

Acid Doped PAAPVA Hydrogel

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AcidDopedPAAPVAHydrogel
Type: Matter
altLabel: acid-doped PAA/PVA

PAA/PVA hydrogel electrolyte after doping with aqueous sulfuric acid; used as thin-film electrolyte/binder.

Acid Leached Steam Activated Fe NC Catalyst

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AcidLeachedSteamActivatedFeNCCatalyst
Type: Matter
altLabel: acid-leached steam-activated Fe-N-C

Steam-activated Fe-N-C after oxalic acid leaching to remove Fe3O4, followed by reheating.

Activated Carbon

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ActivatedCarbon
Type: Matter
altLabel: AC; activated carbon (Norit SX Ultra); activated carbon control

Activated carbon used as benchmark cathode catalyst / base cathode material.

Activated Sludge

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ActivatedSludge
Type: Matter
altLabel: AS

Activated sludge inoculum used in microbial fuel cell electrolyte.

Additive A

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AdditiveA
Type: Matter

Commercial dispersant additive added to catalyst ink to improve dispersion stability; amount not specified.

Aemion Ionomer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AemionIonomer
Type: Matter
altLabel: AemionTM; AemionTM HNN5-00-X; alkaline ionomer

Hydrocarbon anion-exchange ionomer (iodide form) used as binder/ion conductor in GDE catalyst layer (supplier: Ionomr). Not found in ontology; add as specific ionomer type.

Air

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Air
Type: Matter
altLabel: reconstituted air; unpressurized air; H2/air

Air used as cathode oxidant in polarization curves.

Air Breathing Cathode

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AirBreathingCathode
Type: Matter
altLabel: cathode pellet; air-breathing cathode pellet

Pressed cathode pellet exposed to air on one side and electrolyte on the other (no membrane).

Air Diffusion Layer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AirDiffusionLayer
Type: Matter
altLabel: layer Z; gas diffusion simulation layer

Pt-free sublayer (layer Z) adjacent to GDL, mainly for gas diffusion simulation in MCL

Alkali Lignin

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AlkaliLignin
Type: Matter
altLabel: lignin (alkali; Kraft lignin

An material entity used for alkali lignin.

Alkylpolyglycoside Surfactant

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AlkylpolyglycosideSurfactant
Type: Matter

Non-ionic sugar-based surfactant used to improve wetting and encapsulate ferritin in micelles.

Alumina

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Alumina
Type: Matter
altLabel: alpha-alumina; aluminium oxide buffer layer; aluminum oxide

Aluminum oxide ceramic phase formed after sintering (gamma/delta/theta/alpha transitions).

Alumina Milling Media

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AluminaMillingMedia
Type: Matter
altLabel: Al2O3 media; alumina media

Alumina milling media used in dry mill-mixing.

Aluminum Foil

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AluminumFoil
Type: Matter

Substrate used to capture extruded microfilaments.

Aluminum Foil Substrate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AluminumFoilSubstrate
Type: Matter
altLabel: aluminum foil; substrate/backing

A material entity corresponding to an aluminum foil substrate and used as an input in Hot Pressing.

Aluminum Nitrate Additive

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AluminumNitrateAdditive
Type: Matter
altLabel: aluminium nitrate

Aluminum nitrate additive added to ferritin solution to improve dispersion / prevent agglomeration.

Aluminum Substrate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AluminumSubstrate
Type: Matter
altLabel: Al substrate

Metallic aluminum substrate used for CNT forest growth (99.99% Al).

Aluminum Thin Film Layer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AluminumThinFilmLayer
Type: Matter
altLabel: aluminium metal layer; Al layer

Thin aluminum metal film deposited on Si wafer prior to oxidation to alumina.

Aminoantipyrine

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Aminoantipyrine
Type: Matter

Nitrogen-rich organic precursor (AAPyr) used to synthesize M–N–C catalysts.

Aminopropyltriethoxysilane

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Aminopropyltriethoxysilane
Type: Matter

A material entity corresponding to an aminopropyltriethoxysilane and used as an input in Silica Coating Process.

Ammonia

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Ammonia
Type: Matter

A material entity corresponding to an ammonia and used as an input in Silica Coating Process.

Ammonium Acetate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AmmoniumAcetate
Type: Matter
altLabel: AA

Additive in ligand exchange chemistry (AA-assisted).

Ammonium Carbonate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AmmoniumCarbonate
Type: Matter

A material entity corresponding to an ammonium carbonate and used as an input in Catalyst Ink Preparation.

Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AmmoniumDihydrogenPhosphate
Type: Matter

Phosphorus precursor used in wet co-impregnation.

Ammonium Hydrogen Difluoride

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AmmoniumHydrogenDifluoride
Type: Matter

Chemical used (4 M) to remove the halloysite template after carbonization.

Amorphous Carbon Deposit

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AmorphousCarbonDeposit
Type: Matter
altLabel: amorphous carbon; unstructured carbon deposit

A material entity corresponding to an amorphous carbon deposit and produced in Ambient Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition Synthesis.

Anion Exchange Ionomer Powder

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AnionExchangeIonomerPowder
Type: Matter
altLabel: AEI powder; anion-exchange ionomer (AEI) powder

Anion-exchange ionomer powder used in AEMFC electrodes (mixed with catalyst at 4:1 catalyst:AEI weight ratio).

Anion Exchange Membrane

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AnionExchangeMembrane
Type: Matter
altLabel: anion exchange membrane (AEM); AEM; anion-exchange composite polymer membrane

A material entity corresponding to an anion exchange membrane and used as an input in MEAPolarization and Methanol Permeability Measurement.

Anode Catalyst Layer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AnodeCatalystLayer
Type: Matter
altLabel: catalyst layer; anode catalytic layer; anode layer

Anode catalyst layer (paper focuses on DMFC anode)

Anode GDE

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AnodeGDE
Type: Matter
altLabel: commercial gas diffusion electrode (GDE) used as anode; anode Pt GDE; Pt GDE

A material entity corresponding to an anode GDE and used as an input in MEAAssembly Process and Hot Pressing.

Anthraquinone 2 Sulfonic Acid

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Anthraquinone2SulfonicAcid
Type: Matter

Negative (anolyte) quinone electroactive material used in ORFB (AQS/AQSH2 couple).

Aqueous Organic Flow Battery

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AqueousOrganicFlowBattery
Type: Matter
altLabel: quinone redox flow battery

A material entity corresponding to an aqueous organic flow battery and produced in MEAAssembly.

Argon

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Argon
Type: Matter

Inert carrier gas used in Ar-5% H2 reducing atmosphere.

Argon 5 Percent Hydrogen

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Argon5PercentHydrogen
Type: Matter

Non-explosive reducing gas mixture used for co-reduction experiments.

Argon Gas

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ArgonGas
Type: Matter
altLabel: carrier gas

Inert atmosphere used during pyrolysis heat treatment.

Beta Ag 2 Se

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#BetaAg2Se
Type: Matter
altLabel: β-Ag2Se

A material entity corresponding to a beta ag 2 se and used as an input in Catalyst Ink Preparation and Ultrasonic Liquid Exfoliation.

Beta Si C Phase

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#BetaSiCPhase
Type: Matter
altLabel: β-SiC; beta-SiC

Crystalline silicon carbide phase observed in XRD at high sintering temperatures (≥1200°C).

Biodiesel

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Biodiesel
Type: Matter

Biodiesel product phase enriched in fatty acid methyl esters.

Biomass Derived Few Layer Graphene Flakes

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#BiomassDerivedFewLayerGrapheneFlakes
Type: Matter
altLabel: sawdust-derived graphene; biomass-derived graphene flakes; micron-scale graphene flakes

Few-layer graphene flakes produced from biomass via solvent-free shearing + catalytic carbothermal graphitization (main sample).

Biomass Precursor

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#BiomassPrecursor
Type: Matter

Generic biomass feedstock used as carbon precursor (e.g., sawdust, coconut husk, peanut shell, corncob, tea leaves, gingko leaves, wheat straw).

Blue Dye

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#BlueDye
Type: Matter
altLabel: blue dye (Estudio Rit.)

Colorant added to DIW photocurable ink.

Butylamine

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Butylamine
Type: Matter

Butylamine solvent commonly used for CQD inks in the review.

Carbon Black

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CarbonBlack
Type: Matter
altLabel: CB; carbon black support; nonporous carbon

Carbon black additive used with activated carbon and PTFE to fabricate air-breathing cathode pellets.

Carbon Cloth Substrate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CarbonClothSubstrate
Type: Matter
altLabel: CC; carbon cloth; treated carbon cloth

3D carbon cloth substrate used as electrode support (mapped loosely to GasDiffusionLayer in ontology, but kept distinct here).

Carbon Dioxide

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CarbonDioxide
Type: Matter

Reactant gas for dry reforming of methane.

Mappings

skos:exactMatch http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16526 (Carbon dioxide)

Carbon Felt Electrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CarbonFeltElectrode
Type: Matter
altLabel: carbon felt; Panex35 carbon felt

Carbon felt substrate used as both anode and cathode electrode material in the MFC.

Carbon Fiber

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CarbonFiber
Type: Matter
altLabel: thick carbon fibers

A material entity used for carbon fiber.

Carbon Nanotube

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CarbonNanotube
Type: Matter
altLabel: carbon nanotube array

A material entity used for carbon nanotube.

Carbon Nanotube Forest

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CarbonNanotubeForest
Type: Matter
altLabel: CNT forest; vertically aligned carbon nanotubes; vertically aligned CNT forest

A material entity corresponding to a carbon nanotube forest and used as an input in Sputter Coating and Raman Spectroscopy Measurement.

Carbon Support

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CarbonSupport
Type: Matter
altLabel: carbon black; porous carbon; solid carbon

A material entity corresponding to a carbon support and used as an input in Catalyst Ink Preparation, Dynamic Light Scattering Measurement, and Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry Measurement.

Carbon Xerogel X 85

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CarbonXerogelX85
Type: Matter
altLabel: X85; carbon xerogel; homemade carbon xerogel

Homemade carbon xerogel support (X85) with tunable particle size; used as model carbon support.

Carbonized 3 D Printed Carbon Material

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Carbonized3DPrintedCarbonMaterial
Type: Matter
altLabel: carbonized 3D-printed structure

Final carbon material after drying/reduction at 250°C (air) and annealing/pyrolysis to 1000°C (Ar); characterized by XRD/Raman/adsorption/conductivity/mechanics.

Cardo Based Acrylic Resin

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CardoBasedAcrylicResin
Type: Matter
altLabel: acrylated cardo oligomers

Alternative binder studied; showed more QD aggregation than SU-8-based composites.

Castor Oil

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CastorOil
Type: Matter
altLabel: CO

A material entity corresponding to a castor oil and used as an input in Acid Base Titration Measurement, Gas Chromatography Measurement, and Iodine Value Measurement.

Catalyst Coated Membrane

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CatalystCoatedMembrane
Type: Matter
altLabel: CCM; catalyst-coated membrane (CCM) method; catalyst-coated membranes

A membrane with catalyst layers directly coated on the membrane (CCM). Central object of review.

Catalyst Coated Substrate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CatalystCoatedSubstrate
Type: Matter
altLabel: CCS

A material entity used for catalyst coated substrate.

Catalyst Ink

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CatalystInk
Type: Matter
altLabel: HC catalyst ink; PFSA reference ink; catalyst solution

Catalyst-layer ink/slurry composed of carbon + PFSA dispersion + solvents, prior to coating.

Catalyst Powder

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CatalystPowder
Type: Matter
altLabel: Umicore Elyst catalyst

A material entity corresponding to a catalyst powder and used as an input in Catalyst Ink Preparation.

Cathode Catalyst Layer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CathodeCatalystLayer
Type: Matter
altLabel: CCL; catalyst layer (CL); catalyst layer

Cathode catalyst layer (low-Pt, varied ionomer content).

Cathode GDE

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CathodeGDE
Type: Matter
altLabel: GDE; Pt-C/Nafion GDE; PGM-free cathode GDE

A material entity corresponding to a cathode GDE and used as an input in MEAAssembly Process, Cyclic Voltammetry, and Linear Sweep Voltammetry.

Cd Se Zn S Quantum Dot

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CdSeZnSQuantumDot
Type: Matter

Specific quantum-dot composition used as model (green CdSe@ZnS core–shell QDs).

Ceramic Colloid Ink

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CeramicColloidInk
Type: Matter

A material entity corresponding to a ceramic colloid ink and used as an input in Rheology Measurement and Direct Ink Writing.

Cesium Formate Solution

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CesiumFormateSolution
Type: Matter
altLabel: aqueous cesium formate; density float solutions

Aqueous Cs formate solutions (1.4–2.0 g/cm3) used as density floats to determine skeletal density of carbonized structures.

Chloroplatinic Acid Hexahydrate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ChloroplatinicAcidHexahydrate
Type: Matter

Platinum precursor used to impregnate ZIF-67 prior to pyrolysis to form Pt nanoparticles on NCNTFs.

CHOSPEEK 64

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CHOSPEEK64
Type: Matter
altLabel: cross-linked HO-SPEEK-64

Cross-linked HO-SPEEK-64 hydrocarbon membrane/ionomer after hot-press crosslinking.

CI Co Composite Catalyst

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CICoCompositeCatalyst
Type: Matter
altLabel: CICo

Composite cathode catalyst consisting of Co3O4 blended with conductive ink (microporous conductive matrix).

CI Fe Composite Catalyst

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CIFeCompositeCatalyst
Type: Matter
altLabel: CIFe

Composite cathode catalyst consisting of Fe3O4 blended with conductive ink (microporous conductive matrix).

Co AA Pyr Catalyst

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CoAAPyrCatalyst
Type: Matter
altLabel: Co-AAPyr

PGM-free M-N-C catalyst synthesized from Co nitrate + aminoantipyrine precursor via SSM.

Co Mn AA Pyr Catalyst

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CoMnAAPyrCatalyst
Type: Matter
altLabel: Co-Mn-AAPyr; Co-Mn

Bimetallic PGM-free Co–Mn–N–C catalyst (AAPyr-derived).

Co NC Catalyst

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CoNCCatalyst
Type: Matter
altLabel: Co-N-C; laboratory made Co–N–C catalyst

A material entity corresponding to a co NC catalyst and used as an input in Catalyst Ink Preparation.

Co Ni AA Pyr Catalyst

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CoNiAAPyrCatalyst
Type: Matter
altLabel: Co-Ni-AAPyr; Co-Ni

Bimetallic PGM-free Co–Ni–N–C catalyst (AAPyr-derived).

Co TMPP Catalyst

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CoTMPPCatalyst
Type: Matter
altLabel: CoTMPP; pyrolyzed Co porphyrin catalyst

A material entity corresponding to a co TMPP catalyst and used as an input in Catalyst Ink Preparation, Electron Microscopy Imaging, and Pyrolysis Process.

Cobalt Acetate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CobaltAcetate
Type: Matter

Cobalt acetate precursor used (with iron acetate) for FeCo catalyst deposition.

Cobalt Hexadecanethiolate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CobaltHexadecanethiolate
Type: Matter
altLabel: Co hexadecane thiolate

Cobalt thiolate precursor (molecular ink)

Cobalt II Nitrate Hexahydrate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CobaltIINitrateHexahydrate
Type: Matter

A material entity corresponding to a cobalt II nitrate hexahydrate and used as an input in Catalyst Ink Preparation.

Cobalt II Oxide Co O

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CobaltIIOxideCoO
Type: Matter
altLabel: cobalt(II) oxide; CoO

Cobalt(II) oxide (CoO) used as PLD target component with Fe2O3.

Cobalt Nitrate Hexahydrate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CobaltNitrateHexahydrate
Type: Matter

A material entity used for cobalt nitrate hexahydrate.

Cobalt Oxide Co 3 O 4

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CobaltOxideCo3O4
Type: Matter
altLabel: Co3O4; cobalt oxide

Cobalt oxide (Co3O4) used as non-Pt ORR catalyst blended into conductive ink (CICo).

Colloidal Silica

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ColloidalSilica
Type: Matter
altLabel: silica sol

Silica sol used for impregnation to strengthen porous ceramics.

Colloidal Silica Impregnated Porous Ceramic

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ColloidalSilicaImpregnatedPorousCeramic
Type: Matter
altLabel: impregnated porous ceramic

Porous ceramic specimen after colloidal silica impregnation and second sintering.

Conductive Carbon Grease

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ConductiveCarbonGrease
Type: Matter
altLabel: carbon grease; Carbon Conductive Grease 846

A material entity corresponding to a conductive carbon grease and used as an input in Rheology Measurement and Selective Coaxial Ink 3 D Printing.

Conductive Silver Ink

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ConductiveSilverInk
Type: Matter

Silver nanoparticle ink used for conductive traces; thermally cured/sintered.

Copper Film

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CopperFilm
Type: Matter
altLabel: Cu film; copper pattern

Electrolessly deposited copper metallization layer/pattern formed on PET after Pd activation.

Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CopperSulfatePentahydrate
Type: Matter

Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate; copper source in electroless plating bath (Solution A).

Corn Starch

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CornStarch
Type: Matter

Corn starch used as binder/ingredient in conductive ink formulation.

Cu 2 WS 4 Counter Electrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Cu2WS4CounterElectrode
Type: Matter

Counter electrode film based on Cu2WS4 nanocubes deposited on FTO glass.

Cu 2 WS 4 Nanocube Ink

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Cu2WS4NanocubeInk
Type: Matter
altLabel: CWS nanocube ink; nanocube inks

Dispersion of Cu2WS4 nanocubes (in toluene) used for spin coating onto FTO as counter electrode film.

Cu 2 WS 4 Nanocubes

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Cu2WS4Nanocubes
Type: Matter
altLabel: CWS nanocubes; Cu2WS4

Ternary copper-tungsten-disulfide (Cu2WS4) nanocubes synthesized via colloidal process; used as catalytic counter-electrode material.

Cyclohexanol

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Cyclohexanol
Type: Matter

A material entity used for cyclohexanol.

Cyclopentanone

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Cyclopentanone
Type: Matter

Co-solvent used to suppress coffee-ring deformation and aggregation in QD inks.

Dealloyed Pt Ni On Carbon Catalyst

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DealloyedPtNiOnCarbonCatalyst
Type: Matter
altLabel: d-PtNi

proposed_definition=Dealloyed Pt-Ni alloy nanoparticles supported on high surface area carbon (d-PtNi/C) used as cathode electrocatalyst.; Paper mentions approximate composition Pt3Ni2 after acid dealloying; not present as a dedicated term in ontology.

Diacetone Alcohol

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DiacetoneAlcohol
Type: Matter

A material entity used for diacetone alcohol.

Dibutyl Phthalate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DibutylPhthalate
Type: Matter

Plasticizer used in ink formulation.

Dihydroxybenzene Disulfonic Acid

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DihydroxybenzeneDisulfonicAcid
Type: Matter

Positive (catholyte) quinone electroactive material used in ORFB (BQDSH2/BQDS couple).

Dimethyl Sulfoxide

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DimethylSulfoxide
Type: Matter

Specific solvent used in catalyst ink.

Dimethylacetamide

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Dimethylacetamide
Type: Matter
altLabel: N-dimethylacetamide

Ink solvent used for solution method and for PBI stock solution.

Dimethylformamide

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Dimethylformamide
Type: Matter
altLabel: N–dimethylformamide

Solvent used to dissolve PES/PVP during membrane fabrication.

Dipropyl Ketone

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DipropylKetone
Type: Matter

Ink solvent with dielectric constant 12.60 (paper)

Dipropylene Glycol

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DipropyleneGlycol
Type: Matter

Dipropylene glycol (DPG) solvent referenced for PFSA dispersion; affects ionomer aggregate size.

Direct Methanol Fuel Cell

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DirectMethanolFuelCell
Type: Matter
altLabel: DMFC

Fuel cell type used as biosensor transducer (anode TPB used for sensing).

DLP Elastomer Resin

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DLPElastomerResin
Type: Matter
altLabel: DLP elastomer

Acrylate-based elastomer resin printed by DLP (composition specified in paper).

DLP Plastic Resin

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DLPPlasticResin
Type: Matter
altLabel: DLP plastic

Commercial acrylate-thiol photopolymer resin (ToughPoint™) used for DLP printing.

DMAEMA Monomer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DMAEMAMonomer
Type: Matter
altLabel: DMAEMA

Tertiary-amine methacrylate monomer providing pH-responsive segments in the copolymer.

Docosyltriethoxysilane

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Docosyltriethoxysilane
Type: Matter

Long-chain silane used to functionalize fabric surface and impart superhydrophobicity; also used as single-component printing ink.

Dye Sensitized Solar Cell

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DyeSensitizedSolarCell
Type: Matter
altLabel: DSSC

Device architecture: TiO2 photoanode + iodide/triiodide redox electrolyte + counter electrode (Pt or Cu2WS4).

E Tek Commercial MEA

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ETekCommercialMEA
Type: Matter

An material entity used for E tek commercial MEA.

Ebecryl 8804

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Ebecryl8804
Type: Matter

Component mixed with GMA to form DIW photocurable ink.

Ebecryl 8807

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Ebecryl8807
Type: Matter
altLabel: aliphatic urethane diacrylate (Ebecryl 8807)

Aliphatic urethane diacrylate component of DLP elastomer resin.

EDDET

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#EDDET
Type: Matter
altLabel: EDDET dithiol

Dithiol component of LCE ink (reacts with RM257).

Electrode Substrate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ElectrodeSubstrate
Type: Matter
altLabel: macroporous substrate

A material entity corresponding to an electrode substrate and used as an input in Spray Coating.

Electrosprayed Catalyst Layer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ElectrosprayedCatalystLayer
Type: Matter
altLabel: commercial electro-sprayed catalyst layer; electrosprayed electrode; electrosprayed PGM-free catalyst layer

Catalyst layer fabricated via electrospray deposition from catalyst ink.

Electrospun Catalyst Layer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ElectrospunCatalystLayer
Type: Matter

Catalyst layer fabricated via electrospinning deposition (nanofiber structure).

Epoxidized Castor Oil

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#EpoxidizedCastorOil
Type: Matter
altLabel: ECO

Epoxidized castor oil intermediate produced by epoxidation of castor oil and used for dispersant synthesis.

Epoxidized Soybean Oil

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#EpoxidizedSoybeanOil
Type: Matter

Epoxidized soybean oil intermediate produced by epoxidation of soybean oil and used for dispersant synthesis.

Epoxy Resin

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#EpoxyResin
Type: Matter
altLabel: epoxy resin pore filling

Used to pore-fill CCM piece for FIB-SEM; generic epoxy resin (paper does not specify product).

ETFE Sheet Substrate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ETFESheetSubstrate
Type: Matter
altLabel: ETFE sheet; decal substrate

An material entity used for ETFE sheet substrate.

Ethane Cryogen

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#EthaneCryogen
Type: Matter
altLabel: liquid ethane

Liquid ethane used as cryogen for plunge freezing to avoid Leidenfrost effect and ice-crystal artifacts.

Ethanol

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Ethanol
Type: Matter
altLabel: ethanol dispersion; ethanol solvent; ethanol media

Alcohol component of the binary ink solvent (water/ethanol).

Mappings

skos:exactMatch http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16236 (Ethanol)

Ethyl Acetate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#EthylAcetate
Type: Matter

Dispersion medium: ethyl acetate solvent (not present in current ontology).

Ethylene Gas

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#EthyleneGas
Type: Matter

A material entity corresponding to an ethylene gas and used as an input in Ambient Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition Synthesis and Water Assisted Low Pressure CVD.

Ethylene Glycol

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#EthyleneGlycol
Type: Matter
altLabel: EG; ethylene glycol solvent

Main low-volatility solvent (vehicle) for catalyst ink in PICL1/PICL2.

Ethylene Glycol Butyl Ether

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#EthyleneGlycolButylEther
Type: Matter
altLabel: EGBE

Surfactant/additive used in ink formulation.

Ethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#EthyleneGlycolDiethylEther
Type: Matter

Ethylene glycol diethyl ether (EGDEE) solvent used for catalyst ink.

Ethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#EthyleneGlycolDimethylEther
Type: Matter

Ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (EGDME) solvent used for catalyst ink.

Exfoliated Silica Nanosheet

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ExfoliatedSilicaNanosheet
Type: Matter
altLabel: E–SN

Liquid-phase exfoliated few-layer silica nanosheets.

Fe 2 O 3 Powder

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Fe2O3Powder
Type: Matter
altLabel: Fe2O3; Fe₂O₃

Iron(III) oxide powder feedstock used in blended oxide inks.

Fe 20 Ni 5 Mo Alloy

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Fe20Ni5MoAlloy
Type: Matter

Target alloy composition after co-reduction/interdiffusion (20 at.% Ni, 5 at.% Mo, balance Fe).

Fe 20 Ni Alloy

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Fe20NiAlloy
Type: Matter

Target alloy composition after co-reduction/interdiffusion (20 at.% Ni, balance Fe).

Fe AA Pyr Catalyst

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FeAAPyrCatalyst
Type: Matter
altLabel: Fe-AAPyr

PGM-free M-N-C catalyst synthesized from Fe nitrate + aminoantipyrine precursor via SSM.

Fe Co AA Pyr Catalyst

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FeCoAAPyrCatalyst
Type: Matter
altLabel: Fe-Co-AAPyr; Fe-Co

Bimetallic PGM-free Fe–Co–N–C catalyst (AAPyr-derived).

Fe Co Bimetallic Catalyst

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FeCoBimetallicCatalyst
Type: Matter
altLabel: FeCo catalyst; bimetallic catalyst FeCo

Fe–Co bimetallic catalyst layer on Al foil used to grow VACNT via PECVD.

Fe Doped Graphene Flakes

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FeDopedGrapheneFlakes
Type: Matter
altLabel: Fe-doped biomass-derived graphene

Fe-doped biomass-derived graphene used as ORR catalyst support; Fe introduced by pyrolysis of Fe-loaded graphene.

Fe Mn AA Pyr Catalyst

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FeMnAAPyrCatalyst
Type: Matter
altLabel: Fe-Mn-AAPyr; Fe-Mn; Fe-Mn-N-C

Bimetallic PGM-free Fe–Mn–N–C catalyst (AAPyr-derived); best-performing in this study.

Fe NC Catalyst

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FeNCCatalyst
Type: Matter
altLabel: Fe–N–C; PGM-free catalyst; non-PGM catalyst

Carbon-based iron–nitrogen catalyst used as ORR cathode electrocatalyst (PGM-free).

Fe Ni AA Pyr Catalyst

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FeNiAAPyrCatalyst
Type: Matter
altLabel: Fe-Ni-AAPyr; Fe-Ni

Bimetallic PGM-free Fe–Ni–N–C catalyst (AAPyr-derived).

Fe Powder

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FePowder
Type: Matter
altLabel: Fe

Elemental iron powder feedstock used in metal powder inks.

Ferritin

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Ferritin
Type: Matter
altLabel: ferritin (model protein)

Target protein analyte and template for imprinting.

Ferritin Surfactant Micelle Complex

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FerritinSurfactantMicelleComplex
Type: Matter

Micellar complex where ferritin molecules are incorporated into alkylpolyglycoside micelles (1@2).

Flow Channel

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FlowChannel
Type: Matter
altLabel: gas channel; current flow channel; air channel

A material entity corresponding to a flow channel and used as an input in PEMFCCFD Simulation.

Formaldehyde

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Formaldehyde
Type: Matter

Reducing agent (formaldehyde solution) in electroless copper plating bath (Solution B).

Formic Acid

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FormicAcid
Type: Matter

Additive used to control steric hindrance during ligand exchange.

Mappings

skos:exactMatch http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30751 (Formic acid)

FTO Glass Substrate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FTOGlassSubstrate
Type: Matter
altLabel: FTO glass

A material entity corresponding to a FTO glass substrate and used as an input in Material Specification.

FU Ndoped Carbon Catalyst

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FUNdopedCarbonCatalyst
Type: Matter

N-doped carbon catalyst made from furfural + urea using acid-treated halloysite template; yields rod-like morphology.

Fumed Silica

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FumedSilica
Type: Matter
altLabel: amorphous fumed silica; fumed silica template/support; silica template

Amorphous fumed silica used as a templating carrier during CoTMPP catalyst preparation (later etched out).

Furfural

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Furfural
Type: Matter

Carbon precursor used (with urea N source) to form rod-like N-doped carbon catalyst FU.

Furfuryl Alcohol

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FurfurylAlcohol
Type: Matter

Primary hydrogenation product of furfural.

Geopolymer Ink

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#GeopolymerInk
Type: Matter
altLabel: geopolymer slurry; paste (ink)

A material entity corresponding to a geopolymer ink and used as an input in Direct Ink Writing.

Geopolymer Lattice Catalyst

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#GeopolymerLatticeCatalyst
Type: Matter
altLabel: geopolymer lattice; structured catalyst

3D printed (DIW) geopolymer lattice body used as heterogeneous alkaline catalyst for biodiesel transesterification.

Geopolymer Powder Filler

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#GeopolymerPowderFiller
Type: Matter
altLabel: geopolymer powder; filler particulate

Ground geopolymer powder of same composition used as filler to tune rheology/printability.

Glucose

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Glucose
Type: Matter
altLabel: D(+)-glucose

A material entity used for glucose.

Glycerol

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Glycerol
Type: Matter
altLabel: d8-glycerol; glycerin; glycerol additive

High-boiling solvent used as main ink solvent in decal-transfer catalyst ink.

Glycidyl Methacrylate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#GlycidylMethacrylate
Type: Matter

Monomer component used in DLP elastomer and DIW photocurable ink.

Gold Nanoparticle Ink

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#GoldNanoparticleInk
Type: Matter
altLabel: AuNP ink; gold ink

A material entity corresponding to a gold nanoparticle ink and used as an input in Inkjet Printing Process.

Graphene Nanoplatelets

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#GrapheneNanoplatelets
Type: Matter
altLabel: Cheap Tubes Inc. graphene nanoplatelets; few-layer graphene; graphene flakes

Carbon catalyst used in catalyst-coated membrane electrodes; compared against Vulcan XC-72R carbon black.

Graphene Oxide

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#GrapheneOxide
Type: Matter
altLabel: GO

Graphene oxide flakes used as rheology modifier and graphitizable precursor in the printing ink; not found in ontology.

Graphite Bipolar Plate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#GraphiteBipolarPlate
Type: Matter
altLabel: graphite plates; flow field plates

Graphite plates with flow fields forming single cell hardware.

Graphite Ink Suspension

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#GraphiteInkSuspension
Type: Matter
altLabel: graphite/water/ethanol suspension

A material entity corresponding to a graphite ink suspension and used as an input in Rheology Measurement and Laser Diffraction Scattering Particle Size Measurement.

Graphite Oxide

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#GraphiteOxide
Type: Matter

A material entity used for graphite oxide.

Graphite Powder

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#GraphitePowder
Type: Matter
altLabel: Natural flake graphite; synthetic graphite powder

Graphite powder used as conductive component of the conductive ink.

Graphite Sheet

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#GraphiteSheet
Type: Matter
altLabel: graphitized carbon sheet; graphite surface

A material entity corresponding to a graphite sheet and used as an input in Ionomer Coating Simulation.

Graphite Sheet With Carboxylate Groups

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#GraphiteSheetWithCarboxylateGroups
Type: Matter
altLabel: graphite sheet with 64 ionized carboxylate groups; COO− groups

A material entity corresponding to a graphite sheet with carboxylate groups and used as an input in Ionomer Coating Simulation.

GU Ndoped Carbon Catalyst

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#GUNdopedCarbonCatalyst
Type: Matter

N-doped carbon catalyst made from glucose + urea using halloysite template; yields flaky morphology after template removal.

Halloysite Nanoclay

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HalloysiteNanoclay
Type: Matter
altLabel: halloysite template; tubular halloysite

Natural aluminosilicate clay mineral (Al2Si2O5(OH)4·2H2O) used as a template to direct porous carbon morphology.

Helium

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Helium
Type: Matter
altLabel: helium gas

A material entity corresponding to a helium.

Heptanol

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Heptanol
Type: Matter

Low-vapor-pressure alcohol additive used to adjust ink surface tension (5 wt%).

Hexane

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Hexane
Type: Matter
altLabel: n-hexane

Solvent listed for surface tension comparison.

Hexylamine

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Hexylamine
Type: Matter

Hexylamine solvent used in mixed-solvent CQD inks.

High Temperature PEMFC

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HighTemperaturePEMFC
Type: Matter
altLabel: HT-PEMFC; high temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cell; high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell

A material entity used for high temperature PEMFC.

Hollow Carbon Sphere

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HollowCarbonSphere
Type: Matter
altLabel: HCS

Carbon support synthesized by hydrothermal process; used as support for PtRu.

HOSPEEK 64

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HOSPEEK64
Type: Matter
altLabel: Na+HO-SPEEK-64

Hydroxylated sulfonated PEEK (DS~64%) in Na-salt form; used as cathode ionomer.

Hydrazine

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Hydrazine
Type: Matter
altLabel: hydrazine hydrate

Fuel molecule (hydrazine/hydrazine hydrate) used in alkaline hydrazine fuel cell tests.

Mappings

skos:exactMatch http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18280 (Hydrazine)

Hydrocarbon Ionomer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HydrocarbonIonomer
Type: Matter
altLabel: HC ionomer; sulfonated hydrocarbon polymer

A material entity corresponding to a hydrocarbon ionomer and used as an input in Catalyst Ink Preparation.

Hydrochloric Acid

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HydrochloricAcid
Type: Matter
altLabel: concentrated hydrochloric acid

Acid catalyst for hydrolysis/condensation during sol-gel modification of MK with TMSPM.

Mappings

skos:exactMatch http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17883 (Hydrochloric acid)

Hydrofluoric Acid

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HydrofluoricAcid
Type: Matter

Hydrofluoric acid used to etch/remove silica template after pyrolysis.

Mappings

skos:exactMatch http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29241 (Hydrofluoric acid)

Hydrogen

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Hydrogen
Type: Matter
altLabel: hydrogen gas

A material entity corresponding to a hydrogen and used as an input in MEAPolarization, Cyclic Voltammetry, and Fuel Cell Polarization Measurement.

Hydrogen Peroxide

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HydrogenPeroxide
Type: Matter

Oxidant/electron supplier added in photocatalytic degradation experiments to generate radicals.

Hydroiodic Acid

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HydroiodicAcid
Type: Matter

Acid additive reported to assist solution-phase ligand exchange.

Hydrophilic Catalyst Ink

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HydrophilicCatalystInk
Type: Matter
altLabel: ink with Nafion; Pt–C/Nafion catalyst ink solution; catalyst ink solutions

A material entity corresponding to a hydrophilic catalyst ink and used as an input in Spray Coating.

Hydrophobic Catalyst Ink

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HydrophobicCatalystInk
Type: Matter

A material entity used for hydrophobic catalyst ink.

I 2 Ionomer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#I2Ionomer
Type: Matter

An material entity used for I 2 ionomer.

Impregnated Support

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ImpregnatedSupport
Type: Matter

A material entity corresponding to an impregnated support and produced in Catalyst Impregnation.

Iodide Triiodide Redox Electrolyte

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IodideTriiodideRedoxElectrolyte
Type: Matter
altLabel: iodine redox couple; I3-/I- electrolyte; redox electrolyte

Electrolyte containing iodide/triiodide redox couple and additives in 3-methoxypropionitrile.

Ionic Liquid Additive

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IonicLiquidAdditive
Type: Matter
altLabel: IL; ionic liquid

An material entity used for ionic liquid additive.

Ionomer Film

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IonomerFilm
Type: Matter
altLabel: Nafion film; thin ionomer film; ionomer coating

Thin ionomer film coating Pt/C agglomerates in cathode catalyst layer; provides additional O2 transport resistance in low-Pt cells.

Ionomer Nanofiber Scaffolding Catalyst Layer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IonomerNanofiberScaffoldingCatalystLayer
Type: Matter

Cathode catalyst layer architecture comprising an electrospun PFSA nanofiber mat scaffold alternated with electrosprayed Pt/C + ionomer coating layers.

Ionomer Solution

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IonomerSolution
Type: Matter
altLabel: Pemion solution; HC solution; ionomer dispersion

A material entity corresponding to an ionomer solution and used as an input in Catalyst Ink Preparation, Dynamic Light Scattering Measurement, and Electron Microscopy Imaging.

Irgacure 819

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Irgacure819
Type: Matter

Photoinitiator used in multiple resins/inks.

Irgacure Oxe 02

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IrgacureOxe02
Type: Matter

Photoinitiator listed among materials.

Iridium Oxide Catalyst

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IridiumOxideCatalyst
Type: Matter
altLabel: iridium oxide; iridium oxide (IrO2) catalyst particles; Iridium(IV) oxide catalyst powder

A material entity corresponding to an iridium oxide catalyst and used as an input in Catalyst Ink Preparation.

Iron Acetate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IronAcetate
Type: Matter

Iron acetate precursor used (with cobalt acetate) for FeCo catalyst deposition.

Iron II Ichloride Hexahydrate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IronIIIchlorideHexahydrate
Type: Matter
altLabel: ferric chloride hexahydrate

Fe salt added during shearing to catalyze carbothermal graphitization.

Iron III Nitrate Nonahydrate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IronIIINitrateNonahydrate
Type: Matter

A material entity corresponding to an iron III nitrate nonahydrate and used as an input in Catalyst Ink Preparation.

Iron Iron Oxide Catalyst Nanoparticle

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IronIronOxideCatalystNanoparticle
Type: Matter
altLabel: iron/iron oxide catalyst particles; iron based catalyst particles

Active catalyst particles generated from ferritin after thermal treatment; mixture of iron and iron oxide under CVD conditions.

Iron Oxide Fe 3 O 4

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IronOxideFe3O4
Type: Matter
altLabel: Fe3O4; iron oxide

Iron oxide (Fe3O4) used as non-Pt ORR catalyst blended into conductive ink (CIFe).

Isodecyl Acrylate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IsodecylAcrylate
Type: Matter
altLabel: I.A.

Monomer component of DLP elastomer resin.

Isopropanol

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Isopropanol
Type: Matter
altLabel: isopropyl alcohol; isopropanol alcohol; isopropanol solvent

Solvent component in ink/ionomer solutions (1:1 wt% IPA:H2O). Not present as specific solvent term in ontology.

Isopropyl Alcohol

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IsopropylAlcohol
Type: Matter
altLabel: isopropanol

Specific solvent used in catalyst ink; not explicitly present as a distinct Matter term in ontology (only as altLabel under generic Solvent).

Jeffamine M 2005

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#JeffamineM2005
Type: Matter

Polyether amine (Jeffamine M-2005, MW ~2000 g/mol) used as ring-opening agent to prepare polymeric dispersants (Section 2.1).

Kapton Film

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#KaptonFilm
Type: Matter
altLabel: Kapton film (Du Pont); Kapton decal substrate; Kapton®

Polyimide film used as decal substrate.

Ketjen Black EC 300 J Carbon Support

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#KetjenBlackEC300JCarbonSupport
Type: Matter
altLabel: Ketjen Black EC300J; EC300J; carbon black support

Conventional porous carbon support (Ketjen Black EC300J) used for Pt/K reference catalysts.

Ketonic Resin

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#KetonicResin
Type: Matter
altLabel: cyclohexanone-formaldehyde resin

A material entity used for ketonic resin.

La B 6 Calibration Standard

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#LaB6CalibrationStandard
Type: Matter

Calibration standard powder for diffraction setup.

La Ni O 3 Perovskite Oxide

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#LaNiO3PerovskiteOxide
Type: Matter
altLabel: LaNiO3; LaNiO₃; perovskite oxide LaNiO3

A material entity corresponding to a la ni O 3 perovskite oxide and used as an input in Cyclic Voltammetry and ICP Elemental Analysis Measurement.

Lead Bromide

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#LeadBromide
Type: Matter

Lead bromide used as halide source/ligand in solution-phase ligand exchange.

Lead Iodide

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#LeadIodide
Type: Matter

Lead iodide used as halide source/ligand in solution-phase ligand exchange.

Lignin Graphene Oxide Ink

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#LigninGrapheneOxideInk
Type: Matter
altLabel: GO-lignin ink; lignin-GO ink; lignin-graphene oxide solution

A material entity corresponding to a lignin graphene oxide ink and used as an input in Rheology Measurement and Direct Ink Writing.

Liquid Crystal Elastomer Ink

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#LiquidCrystalElastomerInk
Type: Matter
altLabel: LCE ink

A material entity corresponding to a liquid crystal elastomer ink and used as an input in Ink Formulation Specification.

Lithium Chloride

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#LithiumChloride
Type: Matter

Not found in ONTOLOGY.jsonld; used as dispersing/foaming agent in catalyst ink.

m PBI

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#mPBI
Type: Matter

Matter: polymer binder used in HT-PEMFC cathode catalyst layer.

Manganese Dioxide Catalyst

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ManganeseDioxideCatalyst
Type: Matter

Manganese dioxide cathode catalyst (non-precious), mixed with carbon (BP2000) for air cathode.

MEA Assembly

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MEAAssembly
Type: Matter
altLabel: MEA

A material entity corresponding to a membrane electrode assembly and used as an input in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, fuel-cell polarization measurement, and related electrochemical testing.

Mercaptopropionic Acid

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MercaptopropionicAcid
Type: Matter

Thiol additive for ligand engineering to improve ink stability.

Mercaptosuccinic Acid

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MercaptosuccinicAcid
Type: Matter

Carboxyl-terminated thiol ligand used to replace native ligands on QD surfaces.

MES Buffer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MESBuffer
Type: Matter
altLabel: MES

Buffer used during catalyst suspension and rebinding/incubation steps.

Mesoporous Carbon Support

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MesoporousCarbonSupport
Type: Matter
altLabel: mesoporous carbon; MgO-templated mesoporous carbon; porous carbon

Carbon support with mesoporous/nanoporous structure used for Pt/MPC catalysts; large (~1 µm) primary particles.

Metakaolin

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Metakaolin
Type: Matter

Aluminosilicate precursor powder (metakaolin) mixed with activating solution to form geopolymer.

Metal Powder Ink

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MetalPowderInk
Type: Matter
altLabel: elemental powder ink; metal-based ink

PowderInk formulated with elemental metallic powders (Fe, Ni, Mo).

Methane

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Methane
Type: Matter

Reactant gas for dry reforming of methane.

Methanol

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Methanol
Type: Matter
altLabel: methyl alcohol; methanol fuel; methanol aqueous solution

A material entity corresponding to a methanol and used as an input in Catalyst Ink Preparation, Linear Sweep Voltammetry, and Solvent Property Lookup.

Methyl Ethyl Ketone

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MethylEthylKetone
Type: Matter
altLabel: MEK

Butanone/MEK co-solvent used for CQD ink solvent engineering.

Methylene Blue

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MethyleneBlue
Type: Matter
altLabel: MB; methylene blue dye

Organic dye pollutant used as model stain for self-cleaning photodegradation tests.

Methylene Chloride

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MethyleneChloride
Type: Matter

Solvent used to dissolve PLGA and suspend powders in ink.

Methylimidazole

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Methylimidazole
Type: Matter

A material entity used for methylimidazole.

Microfilament

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Microfilament
Type: Matter

1D extruded filament (typically <200 μm diameter) printed from powder-loaded ink.

Microporous Layer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MicroporousLayer
Type: Matter
altLabel: microporous layer (middle layer); microporous coating

Carbon/PTFE microporous layer deposited on GDL prior to catalyst layer.

Microporous Layer Ink

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MicroporousLayerInk
Type: Matter
altLabel: MPL ink; ink slurry; conductive ink

Ink precursor used to fabricate microporous layer (carbon black + PTFE suspension + water + surfactant).

Mixed Alkali Geopolymer Lattice

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MixedAlkaliGeopolymerLattice
Type: Matter
altLabel: Na+K geopolymer lattice; mixed alkali geopolymer

Mixed sodium+potassium geopolymer lattice catalyst formulation (3D_Na.K_GP).

Mn AA Pyr Catalyst

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MnAAPyrCatalyst
Type: Matter
altLabel: Mn-AAPyr

PGM-free M-N-C catalyst synthesized from Mn nitrate + aminoantipyrine precursor via SSM.

Mo O 3 Powder

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MoO3Powder
Type: Matter
altLabel: MoO3; MoO₃

Molybdenum(VI) oxide powder feedstock used in blended oxide inks.

Mo Powder

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MoPowder
Type: Matter
altLabel: Mo

Elemental molybdenum powder feedstock used in metal powder inks.

Mo S 2 Nanosheets

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MoS2Nanosheets
Type: Matter
altLabel: MoS2; MS nanosheets; molybdenum sulphide nanosheets

Catalyst component: graphene-like thin-layer MoS2 nanosheets synthesized hydrothermally.

Mo S 2 Ni Fe 2 O 4 Nanohybrid

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MoS2NiFe2O4Nanohybrid
Type: Matter
altLabel: MoS2@NiFe2O4; MoS2@NiFe2O4 nanohybrids

Bifunctional hybrid catalyst: ultrathin layered MoS2 with interfacially coupled NiFe2O4 nanostructure.

Molecularly Imprinted Polymer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MolecularlyImprintedPolymer
Type: Matter
altLabel: MIP

Polymer (ionomeric MIP) grafted onto catalyst acting as recognition layer and proton conductor.

MSA Capped Quantum Dot

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MSACappedQuantumDot
Type: Matter
altLabel: MSA capped QD

Quantum dots after ligand exchange to 3-mercaptosuccinic acid (carboxyl-terminated surface).

Mu Phase

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MuPhase
Type: Matter
altLabel: μ-phase

Intermetallic μ-phase ((Fe,Ni)7Mo6) formed during Mo dissolution/homogenization.

Multiple Catalyst Layer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MultipleCatalystLayer
Type: Matter
altLabel: MCL

multiple catalyst layer architecture with three sublayers (X proton-conduct, Y reaction, Z air-diffusion) used to shift reaction area through-plane

Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MultiwalledCarbonNanotube
Type: Matter

A material entity corresponding to a multiwalled carbon nanotube and produced in Water Assisted Low Pressure CVD.

N 719 Dye

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#N719Dye
Type: Matter

Ruthenium dye used to sensitize TiO2 photoanode.

n Butyl Acetate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#nButylAcetate
Type: Matter
altLabel: NBA; butyl acetate; normal butyl acetate

Organic solvent (n-butyl acetate) used in catalyst ink; lower polarity than IPA.

N Methyl 2 Pyrrolidone

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#NMethyl2Pyrrolidone
Type: Matter
altLabel: N-methylpyrrolidone

Specific solvent used in catalyst ink.

N Propanol

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#NPropanol
Type: Matter
altLabel: propyl alcohol; n-PA; OmniSolv n-propanol

Proposed Matter term for 1-propanol used as ink solvent.

Nafion 211 Membrane

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Nafion211Membrane
Type: Matter
altLabel: Nafion 211; Nafion 211 membranes; NR211 membrane

Specific PFSA membrane grade used as substrate (treated as ProtonExchangeMembrane subtype).

Nafion 212 Membrane

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Nafion212Membrane
Type: Matter
altLabel: Nafion-212; Nafion NR-212; Nafion NR-212 membrane

A material entity corresponding to a nafion 212 membrane and used as an input in Spray Coating, MEAAssembly Process, and Hot Pressing.

Nafion Fiber Mat

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#NafionFiberMat
Type: Matter
altLabel: Nafion fiber-coated membrane; Nafion fiber network

A material entity corresponding to a nafion fiber mat and produced in Electrospinning Deposition.

Nafion Solution

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#NafionSolution
Type: Matter
altLabel: protective Nafion film; Nafion resin; Nafion

PFSA ionomer solution drop-cast as a protective film on catalyst-coated glassy carbon.

Nb B 2 Support

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#NbB2Support
Type: Matter

Non-carbon catalyst support material: NbB2 microparticles used for Pt deposition.

NCNT Fs Support

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#NCNTFsSupport
Type: Matter
altLabel: NCNTFs

Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube frameworks derived from pyrolyzed ZIF-67; used as catalyst support (with or without Pt).

Ni AA Pyr Catalyst

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#NiAAPyrCatalyst
Type: Matter
altLabel: Ni-AAPyr

PGM-free M-N-C catalyst synthesized from Ni nitrate + aminoantipyrine precursor via SSM.

Ni Fe 2 O 4 Nanostructure

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#NiFe2O4Nanostructure
Type: Matter
altLabel: NiFe2O4

Catalyst component: NiFe2O4 (nickel ferrite) nanostructure attached to MoS2 in hybrid.

Ni Mg Al Layered Double Hydroxide

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#NiMgAlLayeredDoubleHydroxide
Type: Matter
altLabel: Ni(Mg)Al-LDH; layered double hydroxide; hydrotalcite phase

Ternary layered double hydroxide precursor containing Ni2+, Mg2+, Al3+ (coprecipitated); used to form mixed-oxide catalysts after calcination.

Ni Mg Al Mixed Oxide Catalyst

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#NiMgAlMixedOxideCatalyst
Type: Matter
altLabel: Ni(Mg)AlOx; NiMgAl mixed oxide

Mixed oxide catalyst obtained by calcination of Ni(Mg)Al-LDH at 600°C; reduced prior to furfural hydrogenation.

Ni O Powder

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#NiOPowder
Type: Matter
altLabel: NiO

Nickel(II) oxide powder feedstock used in blended oxide inks.

Ni PB Catalyst

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#NiPBCatalyst
Type: Matter
altLabel: NiPB; biomimetic catalyst loaded with nickel (Ni) and phosphorus (P)

Ni/P loaded biomimetic catalyst on porous alumina carrier (nominal Ni:P = 2).

Ni Powder

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#NiPowder
Type: Matter
altLabel: Ni

Elemental nickel powder feedstock used in metal powder inks.

Nickel Butanethiolate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#NickelButanethiolate
Type: Matter
altLabel: Ni butane thiolate

Nickel thiolate precursor (molecular ink)

Nickel Cobaltite Spinel Ni Co 2 O 4

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#NickelCobaltiteSpinelNiCo2O4
Type: Matter
altLabel: NiCo2O4; nickel cobaltite

Bimetallic spinel oxide nanoplate electrocatalyst (best-performing sample)

Nickel Foam

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#NickelFoam
Type: Matter
altLabel: Ni-foam

Nickel foam used as cathode current collector/support.

Nickel Nitrate Hexahydrate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#NickelNitrateHexahydrate
Type: Matter
altLabel: nickel nitrate

Nickel precursor salt used in wet co-impregnation.

Nickel On Carbon Catalyst

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#NickelOnCarbonCatalyst
Type: Matter
altLabel: Ni/C; nickel catalyst on carbon support

Carbon-supported Ni catalyst used as anode catalyst for hydrazine oxidation.

Nickel Oxide

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#NickelOxide
Type: Matter

A material entity corresponding to a nickel oxide.

Nickel Plate Substrate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#NickelPlateSubstrate
Type: Matter
altLabel: Ni substrate

A material entity corresponding to a nickel plate substrate.

Nitrocellulose Varnish

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#NitrocelluloseVarnish
Type: Matter

A material entity used for nitrocellulose varnish.

Nitrogen

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Nitrogen
Type: Matter
altLabel: liquid nitrogen; pure nitrogen; nitrogen atmosphere

A material entity corresponding to a nitrogen and used as an input in MEAPolarization, Cyclic Voltammetry, and Nitrogen Physisorption Measurement.

Nitrogen Doped Graphene

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#NitrogenDopedGraphene
Type: Matter

A material entity corresponding to a nitrogen doped graphene and used as an input in Catalyst Ink Preparation.

Non Imprinted Polymer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#NonImprintedPolymer
Type: Matter
altLabel: NIP

Control polymer (no imprinting cavities) grafted onto catalyst.

NSPCN Fs Catalyst

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#NSPCNFsCatalyst
Type: Matter
altLabel: S-P-CNFs; metal-free catalyst (N

Nitrogen and sulfur co-doped porous carbon nanofibers used as metal-free catalyst.

Oleic Acid

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#OleicAcid
Type: Matter
altLabel: OA

Long-chain ligand on as-synthesized CQDs; replaced during ligand exchange.

Oleic Acid Capped Quantum Dot

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#OleicAcidCappedQuantumDot
Type: Matter
altLabel: oleic acid-capped QDs; oleic acid (OA) capped CQD

Native-ligand (oleic acid) capped QDs before ligand exchange.

Orange Peel Activated Carbon

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#OrangePeelActivatedCarbon
Type: Matter
altLabel: OP-AC; orange peel derived activated carbon

Activated carbon synthesized from orange peels via H3PO4 chemical activation and pyrolysis; used as electrode material and catalyst support.

Oxide Powder Ink

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#OxidePowderInk
Type: Matter
altLabel: blended oxide ink; oxide-based ink

PowderInk formulated with oxide powders (Fe2O3, NiO, MoO3) that are reduced in H2 during heat treatment.

Oxygen

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Oxygen
Type: Matter
altLabel: oxygen-saturated electrolyte; pure oxygen; oxygen gas

A material entity corresponding to an oxygen and used as an input in MEAPolarization, Rotating Ring Disk Voltammetry, and Electrochemical Reaction Simulation.

PAAPVA Hydrogel

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PAAPVAHydrogel
Type: Matter

Thermally cross-linked PAA/PVA polymer network used as hydrogel electrolyte scaffold.

Palladium Chloride

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PalladiumChloride
Type: Matter
altLabel: palladium(II) chloride

Palladium precursor salt used to generate Pd nanoparticles in the catalyst ink.

Palladium Nanoparticles

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PalladiumNanoparticles
Type: Matter
altLabel: Pd nanoparticles

Palladium nanoparticles self-reduced and stabilized by St-co-DMAEMA oligomer; act as catalytic activation sites for electroless copper.

Pb S Quantum Dot

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PbSQuantumDot
Type: Matter
altLabel: lead sulfide quantum dot; PbS colloidal quantum dot

PbS colloidal quantum dot absorber material discussed throughout the review.

PBI 11

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PBI11
Type: Matter

Specific PBI fraction used as catalyst binder (nominal Mw=1.10×10^4 g/mol).

PBI 174

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PBI174
Type: Matter

Specific PBI fraction used as catalyst binder (nominal Mw=17.4×10^4 g/mol).

PBI 46

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PBI46
Type: Matter

Specific PBI fraction used as catalyst binder (nominal Mw=4.64×10^4 g/mol).

PBI 90

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PBI90
Type: Matter

Specific PBI fraction used as catalyst binder (nominal Mw=9.00×10^4 g/mol).

Pd On Carbon Catalyst

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PdOnCarbonCatalyst
Type: Matter

A material entity corresponding to a pd on carbon catalyst and used as an input in Catalyst Ink Preparation.

PDL

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PDL
Type: Matter
altLabel: PDL-DL 30

Biocompatible elastomeric copolymer (poly(ω-pentadecalactone-co-e-decalactone)) forming the ink matrix and cured polymer substrate.

PDL Ag NW Composite Ink

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PDLAgNWCompositeInk
Type: Matter
altLabel: PDL/AgNW ink; PDL/AgNW composite; electronic ink

Composite electronic ink consisting of PDL + AgNW dispersion in THF/ethanol; used for spin-coated electrodes and DIW-printed sensors.

Pemion HNN 8

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PemionHNN8
Type: Matter
altLabel: HNN8

Commercial hydrocarbon ionomer used in electrodes for performance analysis; no exact term found in ontology.

Pemion PP 1 HNN 4 00 X

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PemionPP1HNN4_00_X
Type: Matter
altLabel: HNN4

A material entity used for pemion PP 1 HNN 4 00 X.

Pemion PP 1 HNN 9 00 X

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PemionPP1HNN9_00_X
Type: Matter
altLabel: HNN9

A material entity used for pemion PP 1 HNN 9 00 X.

Perchloric Acid Electrolyte

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PerchloricAcidElectrolyte
Type: Matter
altLabel: HClO4 electrolyte

Aqueous perchloric acid electrolyte used for CV and CO-stripping in the three-electrode cell.

PESPVP Composite Membrane

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PESPVPCompositeMembrane
Type: Matter
altLabel: PES–PVP membrane

A material entity corresponding to a PESPVP composite membrane and used as an input in Phosphoric Acid Doping and Membrane Swelling Measurement.

PET Nonwoven

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PETNonwoven
Type: Matter
altLabel: PET nonwoven matrix

Poly(ethylene terephthalate) nonwoven reinforcement used to form composite membrane.

PET Substrate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PETSubstrate
Type: Matter
altLabel: flexible PET sheet

Poly(ethylene terephthalate) flexible polymer substrate on which Pd ink is printed and Cu is electrolessly deposited.

Petroleum Benzene

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PetroleumBenzene
Type: Matter

Solvent used in preparation of conductive ink.

PFSA Ionomer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PFSAIonomer
Type: Matter
altLabel: PFSA; short side chain PFSA; perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer

Perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) ionomer used as binder/proton conductor.

Phosphate Buffered Saline

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PhosphateBufferedSaline
Type: Matter
altLabel: PBS

Physiological saline buffer used during long-term cyclic straining tests and/or sample handling.

Phosphoric Acid

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PhosphoricAcid
Type: Matter
altLabel: orthophosphoric acid

Matter: phosphoric acid used for membrane doping and present in cathode CL; can poison Pt in HT-PEMFC.

Phosphoric Acid Doped PESPVP Composite Membrane

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PhosphoricAcidDopedPESPVPCompositeMembrane
Type: Matter
altLabel: PA doped membrane; PA/PES–PVP membrane

PES–PVP based membrane after phosphoric acid (PA) doping for HT-PEMFC use.

Phosphoric Acid Protonated Polybenzimidazole

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PhosphoricAcidProtonatedPolybenzimidazole
Type: Matter
altLabel: phosphoric acid protonated PBI

Protonated N-substituted PBI using phosphoric acid (paper's 'PBI-P'), used as catalyst binder.

Photo Acid Generator PAG 169

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PhotoAcidGeneratorPAG169
Type: Matter
altLabel: Irgacure PAG 169; photo-acid generator

Photo-acid generator used to catalyze SU-8 crosslinking and QD–polymer interactions.

Photocurable DIW Ink

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PhotocurableDIWInk
Type: Matter
altLabel: photocurable ink (DIW)

Viscous DIW ink (GMA/Ebecryl 8804 + additives) photocured after printing.

Photoinitiator 184

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Photoinitiator184
Type: Matter

Photoinitiator component in the mixed photoinitiator system for UV curing.

Photoinitiator TPOL

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PhotoinitiatorTPOL
Type: Matter
altLabel: TPO-L

Photoinitiator component in the mixed photoinitiator system for UV curing.

Photopolymer Resin

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PhotopolymerResin
Type: Matter
altLabel: photocurable resin

Generic photocurable resin used for DLP printing (matrix materials).

Pigment Cyan 153

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PigmentCyan153
Type: Matter
altLabel: Cyan 15:3 pigment

A material entity used for pigment cyan 153.

PIM 1

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PIM1
Type: Matter

Matter: polymer binder used in HT-PEMFC cathode catalyst layer.

PIM Tz

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PIMTz
Type: Matter

Matter: polymer binder used in HT-PEMFC cathode catalyst layer.

PIMAO

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PIMAO
Type: Matter

Matter: polymer binder used in HT-PEMFC cathode catalyst layer.

PIMCONH 2

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PIMCONH2
Type: Matter

Matter: polymer binder used in HT-PEMFC cathode catalyst layer.

PIMCOOH

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PIMCOOH
Type: Matter

Matter: polymer binder used in HT-PEMFC cathode catalyst layer.

Plasticizer ATBC

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PlasticizerATBC
Type: Matter
altLabel: ATBC

A material entity used for plasticizer ATBC.

Platinum

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Platinum
Type: Matter
altLabel: Pt plate

Platinum counter electrode used in 3-electrode configuration.

Platinum Black Catalyst

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PlatinumBlackCatalyst
Type: Matter
altLabel: cathode catalyst; platinum black (ETEK)

Unsupported platinum catalyst (metal black) used for DMFC cathode catalyst layers.

Platinum Coated Glass Slide

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PlatinumCoatedGlassSlide
Type: Matter
altLabel: Pt-coated glass slide

Glass slide sputter-coated with Pt film (10 nm) used as working electrode substrate for electrochemical measurements.

PLGA

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PLGA
Type: Matter
altLabel: PLGA (82:18)

Polymeric binder used in printing inks.

Poly Acrylic Acid

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PolyAcrylicAcid
Type: Matter
altLabel: PAA

Hydrocarbon polymer scaffold component of the PAA/PVA hydrogel electrolyte.

Poly L Lysine

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PolyLLysine
Type: Matter
altLabel: poly-L-lysine (PLL)

Surface coating to promote cell adhesion during cytocompatibility assays.

Poly Vinyl Alcohol

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PolyVinylAlcohol
Type: Matter
altLabel: PVA

Hydrocarbon polymer scaffold component of the PAA/PVA hydrogel electrolyte.

Polybenzimidazole

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Polybenzimidazole
Type: Matter

Polybenzimidazole polymer binder/ionomer used in HT-PEMFC electrodes (not PFSA).

Polycarbosilane Preceramic Polymer SMP 10

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PolycarbosilanePreceramicPolymerSMP10
Type: Matter
altLabel: SMP-10

SiC-yielding preceramic polymer (Starfire Systems SMP-10) used as ink binder/matrix precursor.

Polydimethylsiloxane

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Polydimethylsiloxane
Type: Matter

A material entity corresponding to a polydimethylsiloxane and used as an input in Rheology Measurement and Selective Coaxial Ink 3 D Printing.

Polyethersulfone

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Polyethersulfone
Type: Matter
altLabel: polyethersulfone (PES)

Polymer blended with PVP to form membrane matrix.

Polyethylene Glycol

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PolyethyleneGlycol
Type: Matter

A material entity corresponding to a polyethylene glycol and used as an input in Catalyst Ink Preparation and Solvent Property Measurement.

Polyethylene Glycol 1000

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PolyethyleneGlycol1000
Type: Matter
altLabel: PEG 1000

Polyethylene glycol (MW ~1000) used as rheological agent in geopolymer ink.

Polyethylene Oxide

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PolyethyleneOxide
Type: Matter

A material entity corresponding to a polyethylene oxide.

Polyethylene Terephthalate Fabric

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PolyethyleneTerephthalateFabric
Type: Matter
altLabel: PET fabric; polyethylene terephthalate; polyester fabric

Base polymer textile substrate (PET fabric) used for surface modification and printing.

Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PolyhedralOligomericSilsesquioxane
Type: Matter

Hydrophobic cage-structured nanofiller added to cathode catalyst layer; varied at 0–20 wt% relative to Nafion ionomer in CCL.

Polymeric Dispersant PD 1

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PolymericDispersantPD1
Type: Matter
altLabel: PD1; polymeric dispersant 1

Vegetable-oil-based polymeric dispersant prepared from epoxidized soybean oil with partial ring opening and Jeffamine M-2005 (Section 2.2.2).

Polymeric Dispersant PD 2

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PolymericDispersantPD2
Type: Matter
altLabel: PD2; polymeric dispersant 2

Vegetable-oil-based polymeric dispersant prepared from epoxidized soybean oil and Jeffamine M-2005 (Section 2.2.3).

Polymeric Dispersant PD 3

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PolymericDispersantPD3
Type: Matter
altLabel: PD3; polymeric dispersant 3

Vegetable-oil-based polymeric dispersant prepared from epoxidized soybean oil and polypropylene glycol (Section 2.2.4).

Polymeric Dispersant PD 4

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PolymericDispersantPD4
Type: Matter
altLabel: PD4; polymeric dispersant 4

Vegetable-oil-based polymeric dispersant prepared from epoxidized castor oil and Jeffamine M-2005 (Section 2.2.5).

Polymethylsilsesquioxane Resin

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PolymethylsilsesquioxaneResin
Type: Matter
altLabel: MK resin

Preceramic silicone resin precursor (Wacker SILRES MK) used as base polymer for UV-curable ink; precursor for SiOC ceramics.

Polypropylene Glycol 2000

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PolypropyleneGlycol2000
Type: Matter
altLabel: polypropylene glycol

A material entity used for polypropylene glycol 2000.

Polyvinyl Alcohol

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PolyvinylAlcohol
Type: Matter

A material entity used for polyvinyl alcohol.

Polyvinylidene Fluoride

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PolyvinylideneFluoride
Type: Matter
altLabel: Poly (1

Polymer binder material used in cathode catalyst layer; not found in ontology

Polyvinylpyrrolidone

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Polyvinylpyrrolidone
Type: Matter
altLabel: polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)

Hydrophilic polymer blended with PES; provides proton-accepting sites.

Porous Alumina Ceramic Carrier

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PorousAluminaCeramicCarrier
Type: Matter
altLabel: biomimetic porous ceramics; monolithic carrier; porous alumina ceramics

Sintered porous alumina monolith/catalyst carrier with hierarchical pores and biomimetic vein structure.

Porphyrin P

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PorphyrinP
Type: Matter
altLabel: porphyrin photosensitizer; dye sensitizer P

Porphyrin compound (abbreviated P in paper) used to sensitize TiO2 for visible-light photocatalysis.

Potassium Chloride Electrolyte

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PotassiumChlorideElectrolyte
Type: Matter
altLabel: KCl electrolyte

Aqueous potassium chloride electrolyte used for CV/EIS measurements.

Potassium Geopolymer Lattice

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PotassiumGeopolymerLattice
Type: Matter
altLabel: K-based geopolymer lattice

Potassium-based geopolymer lattice catalyst formulation (3D_K_GP).

Potassium Hydroxide

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PotassiumHydroxide
Type: Matter

Alkali hydroxide used in activating solution.

Mappings

skos:exactMatch http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_32035 (Potassium hydroxide)

Potassium Iodide

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PotassiumIodide
Type: Matter

Additive introducing KI buffer/shielding layer for stability.

Potassium Persulfate Initiator

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PotassiumPersulfateInitiator
Type: Matter
altLabel: potassium persulfate

Free-radical initiator used to copolymerize styrene and DMAEMA; provides sulfate end groups.

Potassium Phosphate Buffer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PotassiumPhosphateBuffer
Type: Matter

Potassium phosphate buffer electrolyte (pH 7.5) used in clean tests and MFC electrolyte.

Potassium Silicate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PotassiumSilicate
Type: Matter

Potassium silicate solution used in activating solution for K-based geopolymer.

Potassium Sodium Tartrate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PotassiumSodiumTartrate
Type: Matter

Complexing agent in electroless copper plating bath (Solution A).

Potassium Sulfate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PotassiumSulfate
Type: Matter

Supporting electrolyte used for methanol oxidation measurements.

Powder Ink

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PowderInk
Type: Matter
altLabel: printing ink

Extrudable ink containing powder particles, binder, plasticizer, surfactant and solvent.

Precursor Solution

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PrecursorSolution
Type: Matter

A material entity corresponding to a precursor solution and used as an input in Catalyst Impregnation.

Printed Composite Structure

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PrintedCompositeStructure
Type: Matter
altLabel: composite GO-lignin 3D structures; GO-lignin 3D-printed structure

3D-printed (pre-carbonization) composite structure obtained after DIW and freeze-drying or thermal drying.

Printed Ferritin Pre Catalyst Pattern

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PrintedFerritinPreCatalystPattern
Type: Matter
altLabel: ink jet printed ferritin solution; printed pre-catalyst

Printed pattern/feature consisting of ferritin (or ferritin@surfactant) precursor on alumina/Si prior to pyrolysis.

Printed Gold Electrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PrintedGoldElectrode
Type: Matter
altLabel: printed Au electrode; gold electrode; Au electrode

A material entity corresponding to a printed gold electrode and used as an input in Cyclic Voltammetry.

Printed Green Part

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PrintedGreenPart
Type: Matter
altLabel: green part

As-printed (unsintered) ceramic part produced by DIW.

Printed Grid Structure

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PrintedGridStructure
Type: Matter
altLabel: cellular structure; struts

As-printed (UV-cured) 3D cellular structure before pyrolysis.

Printed Pillar Array

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PrintedPillarArray
Type: Matter
altLabel: pillar arrays; free-standing pillar arrays; printed pillars

Printed artifact consisting of periodically (or aperiodically) deposited vertical pillars.

Propylene Glycol 12

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PropyleneGlycol12
Type: Matter

Dispersion solvent: 1,2-propylene glycol (propylene glycol isomer).

Propylene Glycol 13

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PropyleneGlycol13
Type: Matter

Dispersion solvent: 1,3-propylene glycol (trimethylene glycol).

Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PropyleneGlycolMonomethylEther
Type: Matter
altLabel: PGME; propylene glycol methyl ether

Eco-friendly industrial solvent used to disperse MSA-QDs and formulate inks.

Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether Acetate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PropyleneGlycolMonomethylEtherAcetate
Type: Matter
altLabel: PGMEA

Industrial solvent used to disperse MSA-QDs and as developer; also used as co-solvent in inks.

Protic Ionic Liquid Grafted Polybenzimidazole

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ProticIonicLiquidGraftedPolybenzimidazole
Type: Matter
altLabel: ionic liquid grafted PBI; protic ionic liquid grafted PBI

PBI grafted with protic ionic liquid moieties (HTfO-protonated), used as catalyst binder (paper's 'PBI-F').

Proton Conduct Layer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ProtonConductLayer
Type: Matter
altLabel: layer X; proton transport layer

Pt-free sublayer (layer X) adjacent to PEM, mainly for proton transport simulation in MCL

Protonated Membrane

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ProtonatedMembrane
Type: Matter

A material entity corresponding to a protonated membrane and used as an input in MEAAssembly Process.

Pseudo Boehmite

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PseudoBoehmite
Type: Matter

Aluminum oxyhydroxide precursor used as raw material, binder, and pore-forming agent.

Pt 111 Surface

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Pt111Surface
Type: Matter
altLabel: Pt(111); Pt (111) single-crystal surface; platinum (111) surface

A material entity corresponding to a pt 111 surface and used as an input in Cyclic Voltammetry, X Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Measurement, and Atomic Force Microscopy Measurement.

Pt 3 Co On Carbon Catalyst

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Pt3CoOnCarbonCatalyst
Type: Matter
altLabel: Pt3Co alloy catalyst

A material entity used for pt 3 co on carbon catalyst.

Pt Alloy Catalyst

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PtAlloyCatalyst
Type: Matter
altLabel: Pt alloy catalysts; Pt-Co catalyst; Pt-Co alloy on carbon

Advanced Pt-alloy ORR catalysts discussed in review (contrasted vs Pt/C).

Pt Co On Carbon Catalyst

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PtCoOnCarbonCatalyst
Type: Matter

Catalyst material used (PtCo/C, 48.3 wt% Pt); no specific term found in ontology

Pt Counter Electrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PtCounterElectrode
Type: Matter
altLabel: platinized counter electrode

Reference counter electrode: Pt film deposited on FTO.

Pt Ketjen Black Catalyst

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PtKetjenBlackCatalyst
Type: Matter
altLabel: Pt/K; Pt/Ketjen catalyst; graphitized Ketjen black supported Pt catalyst

Pt on Ketjen Black EC300J catalyst powder / cathode catalyst layer.

Pt Mesoporous Carbon Catalyst

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PtMesoporousCarbonCatalyst
Type: Matter

Pt on mesoporous carbon (CNovel) catalyst powder / cathode catalyst layer.

Pt NCNT Fs Catalyst

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PtNCNTFsCatalyst
Type: Matter
altLabel: Pt-NCNTFs; Pt-NCNTFs cathode catalyst

A material entity corresponding to a pt NCNT fs catalyst and used as an input in Catalyst Ink Preparation.

Pt On Carbon Catalyst

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PtOnCarbonCatalyst
Type: Matter
altLabel: catalyst particles; carbon-supported Pt nanoparticles; Pt/C catalyst

Platinum on carbon catalyst powder used in cathode catalyst layer.

Pt On Nb B 2 Catalyst

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PtOnNbB2Catalyst
Type: Matter
altLabel: Pt/NbB2 catalyst

High-surface-area catalyst consisting of Pt deposited on NbB2 microparticles (homemade catalyst).

Pt On Orange Peel Activated Carbon Catalyst

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PtOnOrangePeelActivatedCarbonCatalyst
Type: Matter
altLabel: platinum loaded on activated carbon (Pt/OP-AC)

Platinum catalyst deposited on orange-peel activated carbon (OP-AC) support; evaluated for ORR (CV/LSV) and PEMFC cathode performance.

Pt Ru Black Catalyst

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PtRuBlackCatalyst
Type: Matter
altLabel: PtRu black; PtRu catalyst; PtRu catalyst (anode)

Unsupported PtRu alloy catalyst (metal black) used for DMFC anode catalyst layers.

Pt Ru On Carbon Catalyst

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PtRuOnCarbonCatalyst
Type: Matter
altLabel: Pt/Ru catalyst alloy; Pt/Ru electrocatalyst; Pt/Ru-C

Carbon-supported PtRu anode catalyst (paper)

PTFE Polymer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PTFEPolymer
Type: Matter
altLabel: PTFE; PTFE substrate film; polytetrafluoroethylene

Matter: polymer binder used in HT-PEMFC cathode catalyst layer.

PTFE Suspension 60 wt Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PTFESuspension60wtPercent
Type: Matter

Commercial PTFE aqueous suspension (nominally 60 wt.% PTFE; Chemours DISP 30) used in ink formulation.

Pyrex Glass

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PyrexGlass
Type: Matter

A material entity corresponding to a pyrex glass and used as an input in Membrane Immobilization On Pyrex Glass.

Quantum Dot

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#QuantumDot
Type: Matter
altLabel: QD; colloidal quantum dot

A material entity used for quantum dot.

Quantum Dot Ink

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#QuantumDotInk
Type: Matter
altLabel: QD ink; resin-based QD inks; SU-8/MSA-QD ink

Ink formulation containing MSA-QDs, SU-8 binder, and mixed solvents; used for inkjet printing and droplet drying tests.

Quantum Dot Photoresist

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#QuantumDotPhotoresist
Type: Matter
altLabel: QD photoresist; QD photoresists; QD photoresist (SU-8/MSA-QD composite)

Photosensitive composite used for photolithographic patterning (e.g., 2 wt% QDs + 10 wt% SU-8 + PAG + solvent mix).

Quartz Capillary

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#QuartzCapillary
Type: Matter

0.5 mm quartz capillary used to contain specimens during XRD/tomography.

Quaternary Ammonium Silica Precursor

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#QuaternaryAmmoniumSilicaPrecursor
Type: Matter
altLabel: QASP

Quaternary ammonium silica precursor synthesized from GTMAC and APTMS, used as ionic source/plasticizer in PVA matrix.

Quaternized Silica Filler

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#QuaternizedSilicaFiller
Type: Matter
altLabel: quaternized-SiO2 fillers

Quaternized silica filler added to PVA/QASP membrane (10 wt% vs PVA) to reduce methanol permeability and improve properties.

Reaction Layer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ReactionLayer
Type: Matter
altLabel: layer Y; active layer

Pt-containing sublayer (layer Y) where ORR occurs, sandwiched between X and Z

Rhodamine B

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#RhodamineB
Type: Matter

Organic dye pollutant used as model compound for photocatalytic degradation tests.

RM 257

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#RM257
Type: Matter
altLabel: RM257 diacrylate mesogen

Diacrylate mesogen component of LCE ink.

s PPB

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#sPPB
Type: Matter

Specific hydrocarbon ionomer used in anode/cathode; titrated IEC 3.3±0.1 meq g−1 (paper). No exact term found in ontology.

Sawdust

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Sawdust
Type: Matter
altLabel: sawdust (Betula platyphylla)

Representative lignocellulosic biowaste precursor used for most quantitative characterization.

Sawdust Derived Biochar

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SawdustDerivedBiochar
Type: Matter
altLabel: SDB

Control material made using same protocol without Fe catalysis (biochar).

Selenium Powder

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SeleniumPowder
Type: Matter
altLabel: Se powder; selenium precursor

A material entity corresponding to a selenium powder and used as an input in Ambient Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition Synthesis.

Sesbania Powder

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SesbaniaPowder
Type: Matter

Organic extrusion aid added to slurry.

Si OC Ceramic

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SiOCCeramic
Type: Matter

Polymer-derived ceramic product after pyrolysis of printed and UV-cured structures.

Silica Coated Pt On Carbon Catalyst

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SilicaCoatedPtOnCarbonCatalyst
Type: Matter
altLabel: silica-coated Pt/C

A material entity corresponding to a silica coated pt on carbon catalyst and used as an input in Catalyst Ink Preparation.

Silica Nanosheet

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SilicaNanosheet
Type: Matter
altLabel: SN; silica nanosheets

2D silica nanosheets derived from vermiculite via acid treatment.

Silicon Calibration Standard

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SiliconCalibrationStandard
Type: Matter

Calibration standard powder for diffraction setup.

Silicon Carbide Chopped Fiber

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SiliconCarbideChoppedFiber
Type: Matter
altLabel: SiC fiber; chopped SiC fiber (Tyranno SA3)

Chopped SiC fiber reinforcement added to DIW inks (≈5.77 or 10 vol%).

Silicon Dioxide

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SiliconDioxide
Type: Matter
altLabel: silica; silica layer

A material entity used for silicon dioxide.

Silicon Wafer Substrate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SiliconWaferSubstrate
Type: Matter
altLabel: silicon wafer; silicon substrate; Si substrate

Silicon wafer substrate (highly n-doped Si (100)) used for catalyst patterning and CNT growth.

Silicone Caulk

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SiliconeCaulk
Type: Matter
altLabel: silicone caulk/gel

Silicone caulk/gel added to conductive ink to obtain paste/gel consistency.

Silver Foil

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SilverFoil
Type: Matter
altLabel: Ag foil

A material entity corresponding to a silver foil and used as an input in Ambient Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition Synthesis.

Silver Nanoparticle Ink ME 603

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SilverNanoparticleInkME603
Type: Matter

Commercial silver nanoparticle ink product used as conductive ink.

Silver Nanowire

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SilverNanowire
Type: Matter
altLabel: silver nanowires

Conductive nanowire filler dispersed in ethanol, blended into PDL matrix to form percolated conductive network.

Smart Elastomeric Cellular Foam

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SmartElastomericCellularFoam
Type: Matter
altLabel: smart cellular foam; elastomeric foam

A material entity corresponding to a smart elastomeric cellular foam and used as an input in Compressive Strength Measurement, X Ray Computed Tomography Measurement, and Finite Element Analysis Simulation.

Sodium Acetate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SodiumAcetate
Type: Matter

Organic substrate (electron donor) for MFC anode.

Sodium Carbonate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SodiumCarbonate
Type: Matter

Precipitating agent providing carbonate interlayer anions in LDH synthesis.

Sodium Chloride Electrolyte

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SodiumChlorideElectrolyte
Type: Matter

A material entity used for sodium chloride electrolyte.

Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SodiumDodecylBenzeneSulfonate
Type: Matter
altLabel: SDBS

A material entity corresponding to a sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and used as an input in Catalyst Ink Preparation.

Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SodiumDodecylSulfate
Type: Matter
altLabel: SDS

A material entity corresponding to a sodium dodecyl sulfate and used as an input in Catalyst Ink Preparation.

Sodium Geopolymer Lattice

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SodiumGeopolymerLattice
Type: Matter
altLabel: Na-based geopolymer lattice

Sodium-based geopolymer lattice catalyst formulation (3D_Na_GP).

Sodium Hydroxide

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SodiumHydroxide
Type: Matter

Alkali hydroxide used in activating solution.

Sodium Lauryl Sulfonate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SodiumLaurylSulfonate
Type: Matter
altLabel: SLS

A material entity corresponding to a sodium lauryl sulfonate and used as an input in Catalyst Ink Preparation.

Sodium Silicate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SodiumSilicate
Type: Matter

Sodium silicate solution used in activating solution for Na-based geopolymer.

Solvent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Solvent
Type: Matter
altLabel: organic solvent; dispersing solvent

A material entity corresponding to a solvent and used as an input in Catalyst Ink Preparation, Solvent Physical Property Compilation, and Solvent Property Measurement.

Solvent Mixture

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SolventMixture
Type: Matter
altLabel: organic solvent mixture; water/isopropyl alcohol mixture; mixed solvent

Solvent mixture used in catalyst ink preparation.

Soybean Oil

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SoybeanOil
Type: Matter

Triglyceride feedstock for transesterification reaction.

SPAEKC Hydrocarbon Ionomer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SPAEKCHydrocarbonIonomer
Type: Matter
altLabel: SPAEK-C

A material entity used for SPAEKC hydrocarbon ionomer.

SPAEKTM Hydrocarbon Ionomer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SPAEKTMHydrocarbonIonomer
Type: Matter
altLabel: SPAEK-TM

A material entity used for SPAEKTM hydrocarbon ionomer.

SPEEK 64

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SPEEK64
Type: Matter

Sulfonated PEEK with degree of sulfonation ~64% (paper-specific material).

SPFSO 2 NHGCIOH Ionomer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SPFSO2NHGCIOHIonomer
Type: Matter
altLabel: S-PFSO2NH-GCI-OH; soluble perfluorinated ionomer; short-side-chain perfluorinated cationic ionomer

Soluble short-side-chain perfluorinated cationic ionomer used as binder in catalyst ink and to cast anion-exchange membrane (AEM).

SPFSO 2 NHGCIOH Membrane

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SPFSO2NHGCIOHMembrane
Type: Matter
altLabel: anion exchange membrane (prepared from S-PFSO2NH-GCI-OH)

Anion exchange membrane cast from the synthesized SPFSO2NH-GCI-OH ionomer and used in the MEA.

St Co DMAEMA Oligomer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#StCoDMAEMAOligomer
Type: Matter
altLabel: St-co-PDMAEMA copolymer

pH-responsive styrene-co-DMAEMA oligomer (sulfate end-capped) used to reduce and stabilize Pd nanoparticles and improve adhesion on PET.

Standard Polymeric Dispersant 340 C

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#StandardPolymericDispersant340C
Type: Matter

A material entity used for standard polymeric dispersant 340 C.

Steam Activated Fe NC Catalyst

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SteamActivatedFeNCCatalyst
Type: Matter
altLabel: steam-activated Fe-N-C

Fe-N-C catalyst after steam activation; contains Fe3O4 nanoparticles and hierarchical meso/macropores.

Strain Gauge Sensor

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#StrainGaugeSensor
Type: Matter
altLabel: interdigitated strain sensor; strain-responsive sensor; strain gauge

Printed sensor device (interdigitated electrode structure) fabricated from PDL/AgNW ink for strain measurement via impedance changes.

Styrene Monomer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#StyreneMonomer
Type: Matter
altLabel: styrene (St)

Styrene monomer used in free-radical copolymerization.

SU 8 Epoxy Resin

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SU8EpoxyResin
Type: Matter
altLabel: SU-8; SU-8 2002

Photoreactive bisphenol A-based epoxy resin used as binder in QD composites/inks.

Sudan I

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SudanI
Type: Matter

Photo absorber used in DLP elastomer resin.

Sulfolene

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Sulfolene
Type: Matter

A material entity used for sulfolene.

Sulfonated Poly Ether Ether Ketone

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SulfonatedPolyEtherEtherKetone
Type: Matter
altLabel: sPEEK

Sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) used as membrane material and electrode binder.

Sulfonated Polysulfone

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SulfonatedPolysulfone
Type: Matter

A material entity used for sulfonated polysulfone.

Sulfonated Silica Nanosheet

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SulfonatedSilicaNanosheet
Type: Matter
altLabel: S–SN

Silane-functionalized silica nanosheets bearing sulfonic groups.

Sulfuric Acid

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SulfuricAcid
Type: Matter
altLabel: sulfuric acid dopant; sulfuric acid electrolyte

Sulfuric acid electrolyte used for CV (1 M H2SO4).

Support Material

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SupportMaterial
Type: Matter

A material entity corresponding to a support material and used as an input in Catalyst Impregnation.

Tetrabutylammonium Acetate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#TetrabutylammoniumAcetate
Type: Matter

Acetate additive used with AA to control ligand exchange reactivity.

Tetrabutylammonium Hydroxide

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#TetrabutylammoniumHydroxide
Type: Matter

Base/additive (TBAOH) used to modify Nafion dispersion and catalyst-ink aggregation behavior.

Tetraethoxysilane

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Tetraethoxysilane
Type: Matter

A material entity corresponding to a tetraethoxysilane and used as an input in Silica Coating Process.

Tetrahydrofuran

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Tetrahydrofuran
Type: Matter

Organic solvent used to dissolve CoTMPP precursor during catalyst preparation.

Tetrahydrofurfural

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Tetrahydrofurfural
Type: Matter

Hydrogenation product (detected as minor product).

Tetrahydrofurfuryl Alcohol

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#TetrahydrofurfurylAlcohol
Type: Matter

Deeper hydrogenation product of furfuryl alcohol.

Thermanox Substrate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ThermanoxSubstrate
Type: Matter
altLabel: thermanox print substrate

Polymer substrate used for coating/printing and cell culture; pretreated with oxygen plasma before coating.

Three Dimensional Graphene Nanosheets

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ThreeDimensionalGrapheneNanosheets
Type: Matter

description=Porous three-dimensional graphene nanosheets (3D-GNS) used as cathode catalyst/additive; synthesized via sacrificial support method (SSM).

Titanium Oxide Layer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#TitaniumOxideLayer
Type: Matter
altLabel: native oxide layer; TiO2 layer

A material entity corresponding to a titanium oxide layer and used as an input in Dye Sensitization Process, Ti Cl 4 Surface Treatment, and Ultrasonic Deposition Process.

Titanium Screen

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#TitaniumScreen
Type: Matter
altLabel: Ti-screen

Titanium screen used as anode support/current collector.

Titanium Substrate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#TitaniumSubstrate
Type: Matter
altLabel: titanium plate; Ti substrate

A material entity corresponding to a titanium substrate and used as an input in Spray Coating, X Ray Diffraction Measurement, and Substrate Heat Treatment.

Tokuyama A 201 Membrane

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#TokuyamaA201Membrane
Type: Matter
altLabel: A201; Tokuyama; Tokuyama A201®

A material entity used for tokuyama A 201 membrane.

Toluene

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Toluene
Type: Matter

Solvent used during purification/precipitation steps in ligand exchange.

Tough Point Resin

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ToughPointResin
Type: Matter

Commercial photocurable resin used as DLP plastic.

Triethylamine

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Triethylamine
Type: Matter

Catalyst used in LCE ink formulation.

Trimethoxysilylpropyl Methacrylate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#TrimethoxysilylpropylMethacrylate
Type: Matter

Silane coupling agent bearing methacrylate group used to graft photosensitive groups onto MK resin via sol-gel reaction.

Trimethylolpropane Triacrylate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#TrimethylolpropaneTriacrylate
Type: Matter

Acrylate monomer listed among materials (used with acrylic resins).

Triple Phase Boundary Layer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#TriplePhaseBoundaryLayer
Type: Matter
altLabel: TPB; triple-phase boundary (TPB) layer

Triple-phase boundary region (pore/proton conductor/electron conductor) in catalyst layer affected by grafted polymer.

Tripropylamine

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Tripropylamine
Type: Matter

Tripropylamine (TPA) used with acetone as nitrogen source in bubbling feed.

Triton X 100 Surfactant

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#TritonX100Surfactant
Type: Matter
altLabel: Triton X-100; surfactant (Triton X-100)

Nonionic surfactant Triton X-100 used to aid dispersion in MPL inks.

Urea

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Urea
Type: Matter

Nitrogen precursor used for N-doping during synthesis of GU and FU carbon catalysts.

UVMK Resin

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#UVMKResin
Type: Matter
altLabel: UV-MK

Photosensitive MK-TMSPM resin formulation with photoinitiators (no TMPTA).

UVMK T Resin

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#UVMK_T_Resin
Type: Matter
altLabel: UV-MK-T

UV-MK resin with added TMPTA crosslinker; selected for printing.

Vermiculite

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Vermiculite
Type: Matter
altLabel: Verm; vermiculite clay mineral

Natural clay mineral precursor for silica nanosheets (SN).

Vulcan XC 72 R Carbon Black

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#VulcanXC72RCarbonBlack
Type: Matter
altLabel: Vulcan XC-72R; XC-72R; carbon black

Commercial carbon black support used as model catalyst-layer carbon.

Water

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Water
Type: Matter
altLabel: ultrapure water; deionized water; DI water

Solvent component in ink/ionomer solutions (1:1 wt% IPA:H2O). Not present as specific solvent term in ontology.

Mappings

skos:exactMatch http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377 (Water)

ZIF 67

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ZIF67
Type: Matter
altLabel: zeolitic imidazolate framework-67

Metal–organic framework precursor (ZIF-67) used as template/precursor to generate NCNTFs support during pyrolysis.

Zirconia Milling Balls

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ZirconiaMillingBalls
Type: Matter
altLabel: zirconia balls

Zirconia (ZrO2) spherical milling media added during ball milling to enhance dispersion (paper uses 3 mm spheres).

Zirconium Diboride Powder

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ZirconiumDiboridePowder
Type: Matter
altLabel: ZrB2 powder; zirconium diboride (ZrB2)

ZrB2 ceramic powder used as UHTC phase in DIW inks; average particle size reported before/after milling.

Parameters

551 terms

AC Input Amplitude

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ACInputAmplitude
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying amplitude of the AC sinusoidal signal used to read impedance for strain sensing (not the small-signal EIS perturbation amplitude).

ACAmplitude

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ACAmplitude
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying acamplitude used to characterize Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Potentiostatic and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Galvanostatic.

Accelerating Voltage

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AcceleratingVoltage
Type: Parameter
altLabel: SEM operating voltage; TEM accelerating voltage; acceleration voltage

A parameter specifying accelerating voltage used to characterize Electron Microscopy Imaging, SEM Imaging Measurement, and X Ray Computed Tomography Measurement.

Acid Etching Repetitions

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AcidEtchingRepetitions
Type: Parameter
altLabel: etch repetitions

A parameter specifying acid etching repetitions used to characterize Acid Etching Process.

Acoustic Frequency

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AcousticFrequency
Type: Parameter
altLabel: sonication frequency; ultrasonic frequency

A parameter specifying jetting actuation frequency used for inkjet printing.

Activated Sludge Volume Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ActivatedSludgeVolumePercent
Type: Parameter
altLabel: AS %; activated sludge % in volume

A parameter specifying volume percent of activated sludge in the MFC electrolyte mixture.

Activation Mechanism Time Scale

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ActivationMechanismTimeScale
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying activation mechanism time scale.

Ag NW Surface Density

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AgNWSurfaceDensity
Type: Parameter
altLabel: surface density; mg/m²; percolation threshold surface density

A parameter specifying areal loading / surface density of deposited AgNW network (used to describe percolation threshold in coated films).

Ag NW Weight Fraction

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AgNWWeightFraction
Type: Parameter
altLabel: w/w

A parameter specifying mass fraction of AgNW relative to polymer/ink solids used to formulate the nanocomposite.

Agglomerate Diameter

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AgglomerateDiameter
Type: Parameter
altLabel: agglomerate size; agglomerate size (nm); mean diameter of sediment particles

A parameter specifying characteristic size (diameter) of carbon black agglomerates used in packing simulations.

Agglomerate Shape

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AgglomerateShape
Type: Parameter
altLabel: spherical agglomerates; branched agglomerates

A parameter specifying geometric morphology of agglomerates (spherical vs branched) varied in simulations.

Aggregate Aspect Ratio

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AggregateAspectRatio
Type: Parameter
altLabel: a_R

A parameter specifying shape descriptor for aggregates extracted from nano-CT (a_R=1 for sphere).

Air Diffusion Layer Thickness Fraction In MCL

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AirDiffusionLayerThicknessFractionInMCL
Type: Parameter
altLabel: proportion in MCL

A parameter specifying through-plane thickness fraction (percent) of layer Z within total cathode MCL.

Alcohol Mass Fraction In Solvent Mixture

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AlcoholMassFractionInSolventMixture
Type: Parameter
altLabel: alcohol fraction in solvent; alcohol fraction; alcohol-rich solvent

A parameter specifying mass fraction of alcohol component in the solvent mixture (e.g., 1-propanol) used in dispersion/ink.

Alcohol Mole Fraction In Solvent Mixture

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AlcoholMoleFractionInSolventMixture
Type: Parameter
altLabel: [alcohol]/[alcohol+water] (mol ratio)

A parameter specifying alcohol mole fraction in solvent mixture used to characterize Solvent Property Lookup.

Aluminum Layer Thickness

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AluminumLayerThickness
Type: Parameter
altLabel: Al layer thickness

A parameter specifying thickness of deposited aluminum film (nm) before oxidation.

Aluminum Nitrate Molar Concentration

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AluminumNitrateMolarConcentration
Type: Parameter
altLabel: Al(NO3)3 concentration

A parameter specifying molar concentration of aluminum nitrate stock/additive solution (mM).

Aluminum Nitrate Solution Volume Fraction

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AluminumNitrateSolutionVolumeFraction
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying volume fraction of aluminum nitrate solution added to ferritin solution (vol.%).

Ammonium Carbonate Solution Concentration

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AmmoniumCarbonateSolutionConcentration
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying molar concentration of ammonium carbonate pore-former solution added to ink.

Angular Frequency

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AngularFrequency
Type: Parameter
altLabel: angular frequency (rad)

A parameter specifying angular frequency used in dynamic rheology sweep (0.1–628 rad).

Anion To Cation Molar Ratio

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AnionToCationMolarRatio
Type: Parameter
altLabel: A/C ratio; molar ratio (A/C); A/C

A parameter specifying molar ratio between concentrations of anionic (A) and cationic (C) additives used to discuss flocculation extent (dimensionless).

Annealing Duration

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AnnealingDuration
Type: Parameter
altLabel: annealing time

A parameter specifying duration of Pt(111) annealing step during surface preparation (1 h).

Annealing Temperature

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AnnealingTemperature
Type: Parameter
altLabel: °C; growth temperature; F2

A parameter specifying temperature used to anneal Pt(111) single-crystal surface during preparation (1600 °C).

Annealing Time

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AnnealingTime
Type: Parameter
altLabel: annealing duration; oxidation time; heat treatment time

A parameter specifying duration of high-temperature annealing (graphitization).

Anode Catalyst Loading

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AnodeCatalystLoading
Type: Parameter
altLabel: anode Pd/C loading; anode Pt loading; Pt loading (anode)

A parameter specifying anode catalyst loading used to characterize MEAPolarization, Spray Coating, and MEAAssembly Process.

Anode MPL Carbon Support Loading

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AnodeMPLCarbonSupportLoading
Type: Parameter
altLabel: carbon loading in the anode MPL

A parameter specifying anode MPL carbon support loading.

Anode Stoichiometric Ratio

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AnodeStoichiometricRatio
Type: Parameter
altLabel: anode stoichiometry; λ_anode; λ_an

A parameter specifying anode stoichiometric ratio (H2) = 1.5 (paper reports).

Assembly Torque

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AssemblyTorque
Type: Parameter
altLabel: clamping torque; torque 40 lb-in

A parameter specifying assembly torque used to characterize MEAAssembly Process.

Bake Temperature

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#BakeTemperature
Type: Parameter
altLabel: curing temperature

A parameter specifying bake temperature(s) in photolithography process.

Bake Time

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#BakeTime
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying bake duration(s) in photolithography process.

Ball Milling Time

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#BallMillingTime
Type: Parameter
altLabel: ball milling for 10 minutes; mixing time (ball milling); milling time

A parameter specifying duration of ball milling/mixing step during ink preparation (10 min in this study).

Ball To Powder Ratio

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#BallToPowderRatio
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying mass ratio of milling media to powder during dry milling.

Bath Solute Mass Concentration

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#BathSoluteMassConcentration
Type: Parameter
altLabel: g/L

A parameter specifying mass concentration of solutes in electroless copper plating bath.

Bath Solute Volume Concentration

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#BathSoluteVolumeConcentration
Type: Parameter
altLabel: mL/L

A parameter specifying volume-based concentration of additives/reductant in electroless copper plating bath.

Bending Cycle Count

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#BendingCycleCount
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying number of bending cycles applied during cyclic bending durability test.

Bending Frequency

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#BendingFrequency
Type: Parameter
altLabel: cycles/min

A parameter specifying bending cycle frequency used in cyclic bending tests.

Bending Radius

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#BendingRadius
Type: Parameter
altLabel: radius of curvature

A parameter specifying radius of curvature used in cyclic bending durability tests.

Bias Current

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#BiasCurrent
Type: Parameter
altLabel: working current; current (A)

A parameter specifying bias current used to characterize Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Galvanostatic.

Bias Potential

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#BiasPotential
Type: Parameter
altLabel: applied potential; cell potential; holding potential

A parameter specifying bias potential used to characterize Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Potentiostatic, Rotating Ring Disk Voltammetry, and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Galvanostatic.

Binder Mass Fraction

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#BinderMassFraction
Type: Parameter
altLabel: HPMC

A parameter specifying mass fraction of polymer binder in catalyst layer (wt.% of total solids).

Binder Type

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#BinderType
Type: Parameter
altLabel: polymer binder; I2 binder; PTFE binder

A parameter specifying binder type used to characterize MEAPolarization and Catalyst Ink Preparation.

Break Time Between Spray Cycles

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#BreakTimeBetweenSprayCycles
Type: Parameter
altLabel: break time

A parameter specifying break time between spray cycles used to characterize Spray Coating.

Cantilever Resonance Frequency

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CantileverResonanceFrequency
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying typical resonance frequency of AFM cantilever (PPP-FM).

Cantilever Spring Constant

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CantileverSpringConstant
Type: Parameter
altLabel: spring constant 2.8 N/m; typical spring constant 2.8 N/m

A parameter specifying typical spring constant of silicon nitride cantilever used for AFM (PPP-FM).

Carbon Black Primary Particles Per Aggregate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CarbonBlackPrimaryParticlesPerAggregate
Type: Parameter
altLabel: number of particles per aggregate; Number of particle per aggregate

A parameter specifying number of primary carbon particles in each reconstructed aggregate (set to 55 for V-XC72 model).

Carbon Black Volume Fraction

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CarbonBlackVolumeFraction
Type: Parameter
altLabel: V_CB; carbon volume ratio

A parameter specifying volume fraction/ratio of carbon black phase in the catalyst layer microstructure simulation (dimensionless).

Carbon Dioxide Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CarbonDioxidePercent
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying cO₂ concentration in incubator atmosphere used for cell culture.

Carbon Mass Fraction In Ink

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CarbonMassFractionInInk
Type: Parameter
altLabel: MPL ink carbon concentration; HL; HH

A parameter specifying mass fraction of carbon powder in the ink formulation (wt.% of total ink).

Carbon Monoxide Volume Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CarbonMonoxideVolumePercent
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying cO concentration in N2 used for contamination (vol.%).

Carbon Support Accessibility

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CarbonSupportAccessibility
Type: Parameter
altLabel: accessible mesopores

A parameter specifying carbon support accessibility.

Carbon To Surfactant Weight Ratio

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CarbonToSurfactantWeightRatio
Type: Parameter
altLabel: NG:surfactant mass ratio; surfactant-to-NG ratio

A parameter specifying mass ratio of carbon to surfactant used in ink preparation (fixed at 13.5 in this study).

Carrier Gas Flow

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CarrierGasFlow
Type: Parameter
altLabel: H2 flow; air flow; N2 flow

A parameter specifying carrier gas flow used to characterize MEAPolarization, Spray Coating, and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Potentiostatic.

Catalyst And Ionomer To PEG Ratio

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CatalystAndIonomerToPEGRatio
Type: Parameter
altLabel: ratio of catalyst and ionomer to PEG; PEG200-3; (cat+ionomer):PEG

A parameter specifying Ratio of (catalyst + ionomer) to PEG additive used to define PEG addition level (e.g., 4:3).

Catalyst Layer Conductivity Exponent B

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CatalystLayerConductivityExponentB
Type: Parameter
altLabel: CL conductivity exponent B; B

A parameter specifying catalyst layer conductivity exponent B used to characterize Electrochemical Reaction Simulation.

Catalyst Layer Conductivity Prefactor A

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CatalystLayerConductivityPrefactorA
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying catalyst layer conductivity prefactor A used to characterize Electrochemical Reaction Simulation.

Catalyst Layer Porosity

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CatalystLayerPorosity
Type: Parameter
altLabel: CL porosity; ε_CL; ε_V

A parameter specifying catalyst layer porosity used to characterize PEMFCCFD Simulation, Electrochemical Reaction Simulation, and Catalyst Layer Composition Specification.

Catalyst Layer Thickness

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CatalystLayerThickness
Type: Parameter
altLabel: cathode CL thickness; δC; δ_CL

A parameter specifying catalyst layer thickness used to characterize Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Galvanostatic, Transmission Line Model Analysis, and PEMFCCFD Simulation.

Catalyst Layer Tortuosity

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CatalystLayerTortuosity
Type: Parameter
altLabel: geometric tortuosity; tau_geo

A parameter specifying catalyst layer tortuosity.

Catalyst Loading

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CatalystLoading
Type: Parameter
altLabel: Pt loading; target Pt loading; anode Pt loading

A parameter specifying catalyst loading used to characterize Oxygen Gain/Loss Measurement, O2–N2 Switching Measurement, and Current-Interrupt HFR Measurement.

Catalyst Loading Pattern

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CatalystLoadingPattern
Type: Parameter
altLabel: loading pattern; full loading pattern; strip pattern

A parameter specifying spatial catalyst loading pattern with hydrophilic/hydrophobic segments in the cathode catalyst layer.

Catalyst Mass Concentration In Ink

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CatalystMassConcentrationInInk
Type: Parameter
altLabel: ink concentration; CQD ink concentration

A parameter specifying Catalyst mass concentration in the ink (mg/mL of solvent).

Catalyst Mass Fraction In Ink

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CatalystMassFractionInInk
Type: Parameter
altLabel: IrO2 contents in the ink

A parameter specifying catalyst mass fraction in ink used to characterize Ink Formulation Specification Measurement.

Catalyst Mass Fraction In Ink Solids

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CatalystMassFractionInInkSolids
Type: Parameter
altLabel: Pt/C wt% in ink solids; catalyst fraction in ink solids; Pt/C (wt%) of total solid content

A parameter specifying catalyst mass fraction in ink solids used to characterize Catalyst Ink Preparation and Ink Recipe Definition.

Catalyst Platinum Mass Fraction

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CatalystPlatinumMassFraction
Type: Parameter
altLabel: Pt fraction in catalyst (0.20); Pt fraction in catalyst; Pt mass fraction

A parameter specifying pt mass fraction in Pt/C catalyst powder (wt.%).

Catalyst Suspension Concentration

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CatalystSuspensionConcentration
Type: Parameter
altLabel: dilution concentration; NG concentration

A parameter specifying catalyst suspension concentration used in polymerization buffer.

Catalyst To Binder Mass Ratio

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CatalystToBinderMassRatio
Type: Parameter
altLabel: Pt black to sPEEK ratio (19:1)

A parameter specifying mass ratio of Pt black catalyst to sPEEK binder in cathode ink.

Catalyst To Nafion Solution Mass Ratio

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CatalystToNafionSolutionMassRatio
Type: Parameter
altLabel: ratio of 7:3

A parameter specifying catalyst to nafion solution mass ratio used to characterize Catalyst Ink Preparation.

Catalyst To Nafion Weight Ratio

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CatalystToNafionWeightRatio
Type: Parameter
altLabel: catalyst:Nafion weight ratio; Nafion-to-carbon ratio; N/C

A parameter specifying weight ratio of catalyst (CoTMPP-based + additives) to Nafion in the cathode ink formulations (1:0.5, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3).

Catalyst Weight Percent In Oil

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CatalystWeightPercentInOil
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying catalyst mass fraction relative to oil mass (wt.%).

Cathode Catalyst Loading

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CathodeCatalystLoading
Type: Parameter
altLabel: cathode Pd/C loading; catalyst loading in air-breathing cathode; cathode Pt loading

A parameter specifying cathode catalyst loading used to characterize MEAPolarization, Spray Coating, and MEAAssembly Process.

Cathode MPL Carbon Support Loading

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CathodeMPLCarbonSupportLoading
Type: Parameter
altLabel: carbon black loading in the cathode MPL

A parameter specifying cathode MPL carbon support loading.

Cathode Stoichiometric Ratio

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CathodeStoichiometricRatio
Type: Parameter
altLabel: cathode stoichiometry; λ_cathode; λ_ca

A parameter specifying cathode stoichiometric ratio used to characterize MEAPolarization, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Galvanostatic, and Break In Procedure.

Cell Active Area

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CellActiveArea
Type: Parameter
altLabel: active area; geometric area; MEA active area

A parameter specifying cell active area used to characterize MEAPolarization, MEAAssembly Process, and Limiting Current Measurement.

Cell Length

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CellLength
Type: Parameter
altLabel: length (mm)

A parameter specifying cell length used to characterize PEMFCCFD Simulation.

Cell Pressure

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CellPressure
Type: Parameter
altLabel: gas pressure; kPa_abs; average cell pressure

A parameter specifying cell pressure used to characterize Oxygen Gain/Loss Measurement, O2–N2 Switching Measurement, and Through-Plane Gas Transport Measurement.

Cell Seeding Density

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CellSeedingDensity
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying initial seeding density for mixed neural cells in cytocompatibility assay.

Cell Width

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CellWidth
Type: Parameter
altLabel: width (mm)

A parameter specifying cell width used to characterize PEMFCCFD Simulation.

Centrifugal Acceleration

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CentrifugalAcceleration
Type: Parameter
altLabel: RCF

A parameter specifying centrifugal acceleration (relative centrifugal force) used in centrifugation tests.

Centrifugation Speed

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CentrifugationSpeed
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying centrifugation speed during washing/cleanup.

Centrifugation Time

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CentrifugationTime
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying centrifugation time during washing/cleanup.

Channel To Spacer Area Ratio

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ChannelToSpacerAreaRatio
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying channel to spacer area ratio used to characterize Electrochemical Reaction Simulation.

Charge Transfer Coefficient

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ChargeTransferCoefficient
Type: Parameter
altLabel: alpha_c; α_c; electron transfer coefficient

A parameter specifying charge transfer coefficient used to characterize PEMFCCFD Simulation and Electrochemical Reaction Simulation.

CO Stripping Specific Charge Density

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#COStrippingSpecificChargeDensity
Type: Parameter
altLabel: charge density assumed for evaluating Pt surface area

A parameter specifying CO stripping specific charge density used to characterize Carbon Monoxide Stripping Voltammetry.

Coagulating Agent Mass Fraction

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CoagulatingAgentMassFraction
Type: Parameter
altLabel: PEI; coagulating agent

A parameter specifying mass fraction of cationic additive (PEI) added relative to dry solid mass to induce flocculation/thixotropy.

Coating Air Velocity

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CoatingAirVelocity
Type: Parameter
altLabel: air velocity

A parameter specifying air velocity during painting/ink application step.

Coating Gap

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CoatingGap
Type: Parameter
altLabel: gap-height

A parameter specifying applicator gap setting used during coating (25–175 µm).

Coating Repetitions

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CoatingRepetitions
Type: Parameter
altLabel: repeated 15 times; repeated 5 times

A parameter specifying number of repeated spin-coating cycles used to build film thickness.

Coating Speed

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CoatingSpeed
Type: Parameter
altLabel: rod speed; coating rod speed; rastering speed

A parameter specifying coating speed used with film applicator (10 mm/s).

Coating Temperature

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CoatingTemperature
Type: Parameter
altLabel: painting temperature; deposition temperature

A parameter specifying ambient/plate temperature during ink painting/application step.

Coating Width

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CoatingWidth
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying coating width used to characterize Slot Die Coating.

Cobalt Thiolate Mass

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CobaltThiolateMass
Type: Parameter
altLabel: Co-HDT mass

A parameter specifying mass of Co-HDT used in ink formulation.

Cold Start Failure Voltage Threshold

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ColdStartFailureVoltageThreshold
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying voltage threshold defining cold-start failure.

Component Mass

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ComponentMass
Type: Parameter
altLabel: mass (g); ingredient mass; Pt/C mass

A parameter specifying component mass used to characterize Ink Composition Specification and Ink Formulation Specification.

Component Molar Ratio

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ComponentMolarRatio
Type: Parameter
altLabel: ratio 1.13:1; molar ratio; Co:Ni molar ratio

A parameter specifying molar ratio between RM257 and EDDET (dimensionless).

Component Volume

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ComponentVolume
Type: Parameter
altLabel: dispersion medium volume; Nafion solution volume; solvent volume

A parameter specifying volume of a component/reagent used in ink formulation or synthesis.

Component Weight Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ComponentWeightPercent
Type: Parameter
altLabel: weight percent

A parameter specifying weight percent of an additive/component in an ink/resin formulation.

Compression Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CompressionPercent
Type: Parameter
altLabel: compressive strain

A parameter specifying compression percent used to characterize MEAAssembly Process.

Compression Pressure

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CompressionPressure
Type: Parameter
altLabel: clamping pressure; bolt compression; contact pressure

A parameter specifying compression pressure used to characterize MEAAssembly Process and Through Plane Thermal Conductivity Measurement.

Concentration Exponent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ConcentrationExponent
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying concentration exponent used to characterize PEMFCCFD Simulation.

Conditioning Time

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ConditioningTime
Type: Parameter
altLabel: conditioned for; hydration time; conditioning period

A parameter specifying pre-equilibration/conditioning time at a step before measurement (min).

Contact Spring Coefficient

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ContactSpringCoefficient
Type: Parameter
altLabel: contact spring coeff cient; contact spring constant

A parameter specifying contact spring coefficient used to characterize Discrete Element Method Packing Simulation.

Contamination Time

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ContaminationTime
Type: Parameter
altLabel: contaminated for; CO exposure time

A parameter specifying cO contamination time before stripping cycles (min).

Cooling Rate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CoolingRate
Type: Parameter
altLabel: slow-cooled; fast-cooled; cool-down rate

A parameter specifying cooling rate after pyrolysis, varied (slow vs fast) and linked to catalyst morphology and stability.

Core Diameter

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CoreDiameter
Type: Parameter
altLabel: core width; conductive core diameter

A parameter specifying core diameter.

Coverage Equation RIC Max

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CoverageEquationRICMax
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying upper validity bound of the ionomer coverage correlation equation (Eq. 4).

Coverage Equation RIC Min

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CoverageEquationRICMin
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying lower validity bound of the ionomer coverage correlation equation (Eq. 4).

Critical Concentration Of Particles Per Volume

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CriticalConcentrationOfParticlesPerVolume
Type: Parameter
altLabel: CCPV

A parameter specifying critical concentration of particles per volume (wt.%) defining maximum solids fraction before rheology transition.

Critical Dielectric Constant

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CriticalDielectricConstant
Type: Parameter
altLabel: Ecrit; critical electric constant

A parameter specifying critical dielectric constant used to characterize Discrete Element Method Packing Simulation.

Crosshead Speed

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CrossheadSpeed
Type: Parameter
altLabel: compressive speed; stretching speed

A parameter specifying crosshead speed used in compressive strength test.

Cryo Ultramicrotome Temperature

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CryoUltramicrotomeTemperature
Type: Parameter
altLabel: cryo temperature

A parameter specifying operating temperature of cryo-ultramicrotome during sectioning (°C).

Curing Time

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CuringTime
Type: Parameter
altLabel: cured within; cure time; photocure time

A parameter specifying time required for photocuring/curing of resin/ink layers.

CV Cycle Count

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CVCycleCount
Type: Parameter
altLabel: CV cycles

A parameter specifying number of consecutive CV cycles used for stability test.

CV Potential Window

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CVPotentialWindow
Type: Parameter
altLabel: potential window; CV potential range

A parameter specifying CV potential window used to characterize Cyclic Voltammetry.

CV Scan Rate Cleaning

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CVScanRateCleaning
Type: Parameter
altLabel: conditioning scan rate

A parameter specifying cV cleaning scan rate 50 mV/s for 30 cycles.

CV Scan Rate Measurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CVScanRateMeasurement
Type: Parameter
altLabel: scan rate; CV scan rate

A parameter specifying cV measurement scan rate 20 mV/s for 10 cycles.

Cyclohexanol Mass Fraction In Ink

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CyclohexanolMassFractionInInk
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying mass fraction of cyclohexanol in the catalyst ink formulation (wt.%). Proposed because ontology has specific alcohol mass-fraction terms (e.g., IsopropanolMassFractionInInk) but not cyclohexanol.

Debye Length

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DebyeLength
Type: Parameter
altLabel: κ^-1

A parameter specifying debye length (κ^-1) of the dispersion medium used to interpret DLS hydrodynamic size changes.

Degree Of Sulfonation

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DegreeOfSulfonation
Type: Parameter
altLabel: DS

A parameter specifying degree of sulfonation of sPEEK determined by 1H NMR.

Delay Layer Count

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DelayLayerCount
Type: Parameter
altLabel: delay layer; delay layer is 2

A parameter specifying model hyperparameter: number of delay layers in the network configuration.

DEM Time Step

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DEMTimeStep
Type: Parameter
altLabel: time step; Δt

A parameter specifying DEM time step used to characterize Discrete Element Method Packing Simulation.

Deposition Potential

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DepositionPotential
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying deposition potential used to characterize Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry.

Deposition Rate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DepositionRate
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying volumetric deposition rate / volumetric flow rate during printing (mm^3/s).

Deposition Time

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DepositionTime
Type: Parameter
altLabel: plating time

A parameter specifying deposition time used to characterize Spray Coating, Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry, and Ink Extrusion Process.

Designed Porosity

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DesignedPorosity
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying porosity specified by the lattice design (open channels only).

Detection Area

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DetectionArea
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying optical detection/measurement area used for device characterization.

Development Time

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DevelopmentTime
Type: Parameter
altLabel: developed ... for a minute

A parameter specifying development time during photolithography.

Dialysis Bath Change Interval

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DialysisBathChangeInterval
Type: Parameter
altLabel: bath change interval

A parameter specifying interval at which dialysis bath water is replaced during purification.

Dialysis Time

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DialysisTime
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying time duration of dialysis purification step.

Dilution Factor

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DilutionFactor
Type: Parameter
altLabel: serum diluted 100×

A parameter specifying sample dilution factor for selectivity experiments.

Dip Coating Withdrawal Rate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DipCoatingWithdrawalRate
Type: Parameter
altLabel: immersion/extraction rate; withdrawal rate

A parameter specifying dip coating withdrawal rate used to characterize Dip Coating Process.

Direct Ink Writing 2

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DirectInkWriting2
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying direct ink writing 2 used to characterize Direct Ink Writing.

Dispersant Mass Fraction

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DispersantMassFraction
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying mass fraction of dispersant added relative to dry solid mass in ceramic ink preparation.

Dispersion Medium Density

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DispersionMediumDensity
Type: Parameter
altLabel: dispersion media density; ρ_m

A parameter specifying density of the 1-propanol/water (1:1 mass ratio) dispersion medium used in volume fraction estimates.

DLS Scattering Angle

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DLSScatteringAngle
Type: Parameter
altLabel: scattering angle

A parameter specifying scattering angle used for DLS measurements (90°).

DMSO Mass Fraction In Ink

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DMSOMassFractionInInk
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying mass fraction of DMSO in ink solvent (paper reports 5 wt% DMSO addition).

Drop Spacing

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DropSpacing
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying drop spacing used to characterize Inkjet Printing Process.

Droplet Volume

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DropletVolume
Type: Parameter
altLabel: water droplet volume; ink volume; drop volume

A parameter specifying volume of dispensed droplet in nano-needle loading method.

Drying Duration

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DryingDuration
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying oven drying duration for modified catalyst solids.

Drying Temperature

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DryingTemperature
Type: Parameter
altLabel: annealing temperature; oven temperature; curing temperature

A parameter specifying drying temperature used to characterize Spray Coating, Catalyst Impregnation, and Catalyst Ink Preparation.

Drying Time

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DryingTime
Type: Parameter
altLabel: annealing time; curing time; drying duration

A parameter specifying drying time used to characterize Spray Coating, Catalyst Impregnation, and Catalyst Ink Preparation.

Duty Cycle

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DutyCycle
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying duty cycle used to characterize Ink Ultrasonication.

Dwell Time

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DwellTime
Type: Parameter
altLabel: hold time; immersion time; equilibration time

A parameter specifying time held at each potential during voltage cycling (s).

Dye Concentration

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DyeConcentration
Type: Parameter
altLabel: MB concentration; dye concentration (MB etc.)

A parameter specifying initial Rhodamine B concentration in aqueous solution for degradation tests.

EIS Frequency Range

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#EISFrequencyRange
Type: Parameter
altLabel: frequency range

A parameter specifying eIS frequency range 0.5 to 100 kHz.

EIS Max Frequency

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#EISMaxFrequency
Type: Parameter
altLabel: max frequency; EIS f_max; maximum frequency

A parameter specifying EIS max frequency used to characterize Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Potentiostatic, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Galvanostatic, and Proton Conductivity Measurement.

EIS Min Frequency

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#EISMinFrequency
Type: Parameter
altLabel: min frequency; EIS f_min; minimum frequency

A parameter specifying EIS min frequency used to characterize Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Potentiostatic, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Galvanostatic, and Proton Conductivity Measurement.

EIS Perturbation Amplitude

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#EISPerturbationAmplitude
Type: Parameter
altLabel: perturbation amplitude; AC amplitude; sinusoidal amplitude

A parameter specifying eIS perturbation amplitude 2 mV peak-to-peak.

Electrical Percolation Threshold Volume Fraction

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ElectricalPercolationThresholdVolumeFraction
Type: Parameter
altLabel: φ_e; critical volume fraction (e

A parameter specifying critical Pt/C volume fraction for electrical percolation threshold from conductivity percolation fit (Eq. 10).

Electrode Compression Pressure

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ElectrodeCompressionPressure
Type: Parameter
altLabel: compression pressure

A parameter specifying electrode compression pressure.

Electrolyte Concentration

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ElectrolyteConcentration
Type: Parameter
altLabel: H2SO4 concentration; dopant concentration; acid concentration

A parameter specifying electrolyte concentration used to characterize MEAPolarization, Square Wave Voltammetry, and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Potentiostatic.

Electrolyte PH

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ElectrolytePH
Type: Parameter
altLabel: pH; pH=1; pH 7.5

A parameter specifying electrolyte PH used to characterize Rotating Ring Disk Voltammetry, Linear Sweep Voltammetry, and Zeta Potential Measurement.

Electrolyte Type

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ElectrolyteType
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying electrolyte type used to characterize Square Wave Voltammetry, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Potentiostatic, and Rotating Ring Disk Voltammetry.

Electrospinning Applied Voltage

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ElectrospinningAppliedVoltage
Type: Parameter
altLabel: applied voltage

A parameter specifying applied voltage on electrospinning needle.

Electrospinning Collector Voltage

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ElectrospinningCollectorVoltage
Type: Parameter
altLabel: collector voltage

A parameter specifying electrospinning collector voltage used to characterize Electrospinning Deposition.

Electrospinning Ink Flow Rate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ElectrospinningInkFlowRate
Type: Parameter
altLabel: flow rate; ink flow rate; Q

A parameter specifying ink ejection/feed rate during electrospinning (unit as reported; needs review).

Electrospinning Needle Gauge

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ElectrospinningNeedleGauge
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying needle gauge used for electrospinning.

Electrospinning Needle Inner Diameter

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ElectrospinningNeedleInnerDiameter
Type: Parameter
altLabel: inner diameter; spinneret diameter; needle diameter

A parameter specifying inner diameter of electrospinning needle.

Electrospinning Needle To Collector Distance

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ElectrospinningNeedleToCollectorDistance
Type: Parameter
altLabel: needle-to-substrate distance; needle-collector distance; spinneret-to-collector distance

A parameter specifying distance between electrospinning needle and collector drum.

Energy Filter Width

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#EnergyFilterWidth
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying energy width setting for zero-loss imaging using an Ω-type energy filter.

Equivalent Spray Coating Pass Count

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#EquivalentSprayCoatingPassCount
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying pass count normalized to a reference ink carbon concentration to keep total cathode thickness constant (as defined by authors).

Ethanol Mass Fraction In Ink

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#EthanolMassFractionInInk
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying ethanol mass fraction in total ink composition (paper reports wt%).

Ethanol Mass In Ink

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#EthanolMassInInk
Type: Parameter
altLabel: Ethanol

A parameter specifying ethanol mass in ink used to characterize Ink Formulation Measurement.

Ethanol To Water Volume Ratio

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#EthanolToWaterVolumeRatio
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying Volume ratio of ethanol to water in the pre-wetting dip solution (v/v).

Ethanol Volume

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#EthanolVolume
Type: Parameter
altLabel: ethanol (mL)

A parameter specifying volume of ethanol used for ligand exchange dispersion.

Ethanol Volume Fraction In Solvent Mixture

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#EthanolVolumeFractionInSolventMixture
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying ethanol volume fraction in solvent mixture used to characterize Solvent Property Measurement.

Ethyl Acetate Mass In Ink

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#EthylAcetateMassInInk
Type: Parameter
altLabel: Ethyl acetate

A parameter specifying ethyl acetate mass in ink used to characterize Ink Formulation Measurement.

Ethylene Glycol Volume Fraction

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#EthyleneGlycolVolumeFraction
Type: Parameter
altLabel: ethylene glycol vol%; ethylene glycol

A parameter specifying volume fraction of ethylene glycol in solvent mixture (vol.%).

Ethylene Volumetric Flow Rate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#EthyleneVolumetricFlowRate
Type: Parameter
altLabel: ethylene flow

A parameter specifying ethylene volumetric flow rate used to characterize Ambient Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition Synthesis.

Evaporation Temperature

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#EvaporationTemperature
Type: Parameter
altLabel: rotavapor temperature

A parameter specifying temperature used during solvent evaporation by rotary evaporation.

Exchange Coefficient

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ExchangeCoefficient
Type: Parameter
altLabel: charge transfer coefficient

A parameter specifying exchange coefficient used to characterize PEMFCCFD Simulation.

Exchange Current Density

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ExchangeCurrentDensity
Type: Parameter
altLabel: i_ref; i0; i_ef

A parameter specifying exchange current density used to characterize Electrochemical Reaction Simulation.

Exposure Time

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ExposureTime
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying detector exposure time per diffraction pattern / tomography projection.

External Resistance

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ExternalResistance
Type: Parameter
altLabel: load resistor; external resistance (100 Ω)

A parameter specifying external resistor used during long-term stability monitoring of MFC voltage.

Extrusion Pressure

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ExtrusionPressure
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying pneumatic pressure used to extrude ink during direct ink writing.

Faraday Constant

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FaradayConstant
Type: Parameter
altLabel: Faraday's constant; F

A parameter specifying physical constant F = 96,485 C/mol as stated in the paper (Section 6.1.3).

Fe To Co Molar Ratio

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FeToCoMolarRatio
Type: Parameter
altLabel: Fe:Co ratio; Fe; Co=2:3

A parameter specifying fe to co molar ratio used to characterize Catalyst Ink Preparation and Dip Coating Process.

Feed Methane Volume Ratio

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FeedMethaneVolumeRatio
Type: Parameter
altLabel: volume ratio of feed methane

A parameter specifying volume ratio of feed methane in inlet mixture (dimensionless).

Feed Rate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FeedRate
Type: Parameter
altLabel: ink feeding rate

A parameter specifying upward motion speed of the syringe/nozzle during pillar formation (controls stretching/shape).

Ferritin Analyte Concentration

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FerritinAnalyteConcentration
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying ferritin concentration in incubation solutions during sensing experiments (pM range).

Ferritin Mass Concentration

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FerritinMassConcentration
Type: Parameter
altLabel: concentration of ferritin; ferritin concentration

A parameter specifying mass concentration of ferritin in dialyzed precursor solutions (mg/L protein).

Ferritin Template Concentration

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FerritinTemplateConcentration
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying ferritin concentration used as template during MIP formation (mass concentration).

Fiber Ionomer To Carbon Ratio

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FiberIonomerToCarbonRatio
Type: Parameter
altLabel: I_fiber/C; fiber/carbon ratio

A parameter specifying mass ratio of electrospun fiber ionomer to carbon in iNFS-CL (paper notation Ifiber/C in parentheses).

Fiber Ionomer Volume Fraction

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FiberIonomerVolumeFraction
Type: Parameter
altLabel: fiber ionomer vol%

A parameter specifying fiber ionomer volume fraction used to characterize Catalyst Layer Composition Specification.

Filler Weight Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FillerWeightPercent
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying filler content (geopolymer powder) expressed as wt.% dry basis.

Fixed Charge Concentration In Dry Ionomer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FixedChargeConcentrationInDryIonomer
Type: Parameter
altLabel: c_f; fixed charge concentration in dry Nafion

A parameter specifying fixed charge concentration in dry Nafion ionomer used for water storage calculations (mol/cm3).

Flow Channel Height

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FlowChannelHeight
Type: Parameter
altLabel: channel height

A parameter specifying flow channel height used to characterize PEMFCCFD Simulation.

Flow Channel Width

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FlowChannelWidth
Type: Parameter
altLabel: channel width

A parameter specifying flow channel width used to characterize PEMFCCFD Simulation.

Flow Field Design

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FlowFieldDesign
Type: Parameter
altLabel: straight channel flow field

A parameter specifying flow field design.

Flow Field Rib Width

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FlowFieldRibWidth
Type: Parameter
altLabel: rib width

A parameter specifying rib width in serpentine flow field.

Frame Rate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FrameRate
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying image acquisition frame rate for high-speed video.

Free MSA Weight Percent Based On QD

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FreeMSAWeightPercentBasedOnQD
Type: Parameter
altLabel: free MSA wt% (based on QD)

A parameter specifying mass fraction of free (unbound) MSA ligand added relative to QD mass to improve dispersibility.

Frequency

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Frequency
Type: Parameter
altLabel: peak frequency; characteristic frequency; f1

A parameter specifying frequency used to characterize Current-Interrupt HFR Measurement, Square Wave Voltammetry, and Spray Coating.

Frequency Range

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FrequencyRange
Type: Parameter
altLabel: frequency scope; f range

A parameter specifying frequency range used to characterize Current-Interrupt HFR Measurement, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Potentiostatic, and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Galvanostatic.

FTIR Wavenumber Range

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FTIRWavenumberRange
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying fTIR measurement wavenumber range used in this study.

Fuel Cell Operation Time

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FuelCellOperationTime
Type: Parameter
altLabel: continuous fuel cell operation; operation time; operating time

A parameter specifying fuel cell operation time used to characterize MEA Durability Measurement.

Gas Composition

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#GasComposition
Type: Parameter
altLabel: H2/O2; H2/N2; H2/air

A parameter specifying gas composition used to characterize Oxygen Gain/Loss Measurement, O2–N2 Switching Measurement, and Through-Plane Gas Transport Measurement.

Gas Diffusion Layer Porosity

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#GasDiffusionLayerPorosity
Type: Parameter
altLabel: GDL porosity; porosity of GDL; EGDL

A parameter specifying gas diffusion layer porosity used to characterize PEMFCCFD Simulation and Electrochemical Reaction Simulation.

Gas Diffusion Layer Thickness

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#GasDiffusionLayerThickness
Type: Parameter
altLabel: GDL thickness; l_b; GDL thickness Ib

A parameter specifying gas diffusion layer thickness used to characterize MEAAssembly Process, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Galvanostatic, and PEMFCCFD Simulation.

Gas Flow Rate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#GasFlowRate
Type: Parameter
altLabel: mL/min; flow rate; L/min

A parameter specifying gas flow rate used to characterize MEAPolarization, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Potentiostatic, and Cyclic Voltammetry.

Gas Hourly Space Velocity

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#GasHourlySpaceVelocity
Type: Parameter
altLabel: GHSV; space velocity

A parameter specifying gas hourly space velocity (L/gcat/h) during DRM tests.

Gas Volumetric Flow Rate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#GasVolumetricFlowRate
Type: Parameter
altLabel: gas flow rate (mL/min); gas flow rate; cc/min

A parameter specifying paper reports reactant flows in mL/min; ontology contains MassFlowRate but not volumetric flow rate.

Gasket Thickness

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#GasketThickness
Type: Parameter
altLabel: PTFE gaskets

A parameter specifying gasket thickness used to characterize MEAAssembly Process.

GDL Type

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#GDLType
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying GDL type used to characterize MEAPolarization.

Gel Point Time

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#GelPointTime
Type: Parameter
altLabel: G′=G″; intersection point time

A parameter specifying time when storage modulus equals loss modulus during UV curing, indicating onset of shape retention (12–14 s).

Glucose Concentration

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#GlucoseConcentration
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying glucose concentration used to characterize MEAPolarization.

Graphene Oxide To Lignin Mass Ratio

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#GrapheneOxideToLigninMassRatio
Type: Parameter
altLabel: GO/lignin ratio; GO:lignin; initial GO/lignin ratio

A parameter specifying mass ratio of graphene oxide to lignin in the ink/printed structure precursor (values: 15/85, 30/70, 50/50, 70/30, 100/0).

H 2 O Al 2 O 3 Molar Ratio

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#H2OAl2O3MolarRatio
Type: Parameter
altLabel: H2O/Al203; H2O/Al2O3

A parameter specifying molar ratio H2O/Al2O3 in geopolymer formulation.

Heating Rate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HeatingRate
Type: Parameter
altLabel: temperature ramp rate; heating rate (°C/min); ramp rate

A parameter specifying heating rate used in thermogravimetric experiments.

Height Step Size

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HeightStepSize
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying vertical step size/resolution used in 3D surface scan.

Henrys Coefficient

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HenrysCoefficient
Type: Parameter
altLabel: Henry's coefi cient

A parameter specifying henrys coefficient used to characterize Electrochemical Reaction Simulation.

Hg Hg O To RHE Offset

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HgHgOToRHEOffset
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying potential conversion offset used by authors to convert Hg/HgO reference to RHE scale (paper-specific value).

Hidden Neuron Number

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HiddenNeuronNumber
Type: Parameter
altLabel: hidden neurons; L=10

A parameter specifying model hyperparameter: number of hidden neurons in the network layer(s).

Hold Time

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HoldTime
Type: Parameter
altLabel: hold at temperature; hot-press time; pressing time

A parameter specifying soak/hold time at peak temperature during sintering.

Homogenization Speed

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HomogenizationSpeed
Type: Parameter
altLabel: homogenizer speed

A parameter specifying rotor–stator homogenizer rotational speed used during ink mixing (15000 rpm).

Homogenization Temperature

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HomogenizationTemperature
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying temperature during homogenization/mixing of catalyst ink (room temperature, 23°C).

Hot Press Force

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HotPressForce
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying hot press force used to characterize Hot Pressing.

Hot Press Pressure

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HotPressPressure
Type: Parameter
altLabel: hot press pressure/force per area; transfer pressure; pressing pressure

A parameter specifying hot press pressure used to characterize MEAAssembly Process, Hot Press, and Hot Pressing.

Hot Press Temperature

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HotPressTemperature
Type: Parameter
altLabel: transfer temperature; hot-pressing temperature; pressing temperature

A parameter specifying hot press temperature used to characterize MEAAssembly Process, Hot Press, and Hot Pressing.

Hot Press Time

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HotPressTime
Type: Parameter
altLabel: transfer time; pressing time; hot-pressing time

A parameter specifying hot press time used to characterize MEAAssembly Process, Hot Press, and Hot Pressing.

Humidifier Equilibration Time

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HumidifierEquilibrationTime
Type: Parameter
altLabel: conditioning time

A parameter specifying equilibration time after RH change: 2 h.

Humidifier Temperature

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HumidifierTemperature
Type: Parameter
altLabel: humidification temperature; bubbler temperature; humidification water bath temperature

A parameter specifying humidifier temperature for cathode gas humidification.

Hydrazine Concentration

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HydrazineConcentration
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying hydrazine (N2H4) concentration in alkaline anolyte feed.

Hydrochloric Acid Concentration

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HydrochloricAcidConcentration
Type: Parameter
altLabel: HCl concentration

A parameter specifying hydrochloric acid concentration used to characterize Acid Etching Process.

Hydrogen Monolayer Charge Density On Pt

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HydrogenMonolayerChargeDensityOnPt
Type: Parameter
altLabel: charge required to reduce monolayer of protons on Pt

A parameter specifying constant used in ECSA calculation from CV; review gives Γ = 210 μC cm−2_Pt (Section 6.1.2).

Hydrogen Oxidation Charge Constant

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HydrogenOxidationChargeConstant
Type: Parameter
altLabel: Q

A parameter specifying constant charge density for H oxidation on smooth Pt used in ESA calculation (Eq. 1).

Hydrogen Peroxide Volume

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HydrogenPeroxideVolume
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying volume of H2O2 added to photodegradation reaction as oxidant/electron donor.

Hydrogen Purity

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HydrogenPurity
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying hydrogen feed purity as given for the aging experiments.

Hydrogen Volumetric Flow Rate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HydrogenVolumetricFlowRate
Type: Parameter
altLabel: hydrogen flow; hydrogen flow rate; flow rate

A parameter specifying hydrogen volumetric flow rate used to characterize Cyclic Voltammetry, Fuel Cell Polarization Measurement, and Ambient Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition Synthesis.

Hydrolysis Rate Slowdown Factor

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HydrolysisRateSlowdownFactor
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying dimensionless factor indicating how much slower hydrolysis/acidification is at 25°C vs 75°C (as reported).

Illumination Beam Diameter

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IlluminationBeamDiameter
Type: Parameter
altLabel: light beam diameter; beam diameter

A parameter specifying diameter of focused illumination beam used in high-speed imaging setup.

Image Height Pixels

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ImageHeightPixels
Type: Parameter
altLabel: image height

A parameter specifying image height in pixels for recorded frames.

Image Width Pixels

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ImageWidthPixels
Type: Parameter
altLabel: image width

A parameter specifying image width in pixels for recorded frames.

Impregnation Cycles

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ImpregnationCycles
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying impregnation cycles used to characterize Catalyst Impregnation.

Incubation Time

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IncubationTime
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying incubation duration during rebinding experiments.

Initial Membrane Water Content Lambda

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#InitialMembraneWaterContentLambda
Type: Parameter
altLabel: initial membrane water content λ; λ_initial

A parameter specifying initial membrane water content prior to cold start (dimensionless).

Initiator Concentration

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#InitiatorConcentration
Type: Parameter
altLabel: KPS concentration

A parameter specifying initiator (potassium persulfate) concentration used for free-radical polymerization.

Ink Aging Time

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#InkAgingTime
Type: Parameter
altLabel: aging time; storage time; stability test time

A parameter specifying ink aging time used to characterize Catalyst Ink Preparation and Dynamic Light Scattering Measurement.

Ink Batch Volume

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#InkBatchVolume
Type: Parameter
altLabel: Ink volume

A parameter specifying total prepared ink batch volume (Co-HDT + Ni-BT in toluene).

Ink Dilution Ratio

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#InkDilutionRatio
Type: Parameter
altLabel: dilution ratio

A parameter specifying ink dilution ratio used for DLS measurements (volume basis).

Ink Drop Volume

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#InkDropVolume
Type: Parameter
altLabel: aliquot volume

A parameter specifying volume of ink deposited on gold electrode for electrochemical tests.

Ink Mixing Speed

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#InkMixingSpeed
Type: Parameter
altLabel: stirring speed; mixing speed

A parameter specifying mechanical stirring speed for ink mixing.

Ink Mixing Time

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#InkMixingTime
Type: Parameter
altLabel: stirring time; mixing time

A parameter specifying mechanical stirring time for ink mixing.

Ink Solvent Volume

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#InkSolventVolume
Type: Parameter
altLabel: IPA volume; isopropanol volume

A parameter specifying ink solvent volume used to characterize Catalyst Ink Preparation.

Ink Storage Time

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#InkStorageTime
Type: Parameter
altLabel: storage time

A parameter specifying ink storage/aging duration used when discussing shelf-life and dispersion stability; not present as named Parameter in ontology.

Ink Water Volume

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#InkWaterVolume
Type: Parameter
altLabel: water volume

A parameter specifying ink water volume used to characterize Catalyst Ink Preparation.

Inkjet Printing Spatial Resolution

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#InkjetPrintingSpatialResolution
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying smallest feature size / placement precision claimed for inkjet printing in this context (µm).

Intrinsic Viscosity

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IntrinsicViscosity
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying intrinsic viscosity parameter from Krieger–Dougherty fit to high-shear relative viscosity data.

Ion Exchange Capacity

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IonExchangeCapacity
Type: Parameter
altLabel: IEC; HNN9; HNN4

A parameter specifying ion exchange capacity used to characterize Limiting Current Measurement.

Ionic Strength

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IonicStrength
Type: Parameter
altLabel: I; [H+]

A parameter specifying ionic strength of the ink dispersion medium (assumed salt-free; approximated by [H+]).

Ionomer Coverage Intercept

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IonomerCoverageIntercept
Type: Parameter
altLabel: coverage intercept

A parameter specifying intercept term in the ionomer surface coverage correlation (Eq. 4).

Ionomer Coverage Ln Coefficient

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IonomerCoverageLnCoefficient
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying coefficient multiplying ln(R_I/C) in the empirical/simulation correlation for ionomer surface coverage (Eq. 4).

Ionomer Dispersion Mass Fraction

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IonomerDispersionMassFraction
Type: Parameter
altLabel: ionomer dispersion content; ionomer dispersion; diluted ionomer dispersion

A parameter specifying mass fraction of ionomer in the supplied dispersion (wt.%).

Ionomer Equivalent Weight

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IonomerEquivalentWeight
Type: Parameter
altLabel: equivalent weight; EW; Aquivion

A parameter specifying ionomer equivalent weight used to characterize Catalyst Ink Preparation, Discrete Element Method Packing Simulation, and Ionomer Coating Simulation.

Ionomer Film Resistance Exponent D

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IonomerFilmResistanceExponentD
Type: Parameter
altLabel: D

A parameter specifying ionomer film resistance exponent D used to characterize Electrochemical Reaction Simulation.

Ionomer Film Resistance Prefactor C

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IonomerFilmResistancePrefactorC
Type: Parameter
altLabel: ionomer film resistance C; interfacial resistance prefactor; C

A parameter specifying ionomer film resistance prefactor C used to characterize Electrochemical Reaction Simulation.

Ionomer Mass Fraction

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IonomerMassFraction
Type: Parameter
altLabel: Y_el; Nafion fraction; ionomer/catalyst mass ratio 3/7

A parameter specifying ionomer mass fraction used to characterize Oxygen Gain/Loss Measurement, O2–N2 Switching Measurement, and Current-Interrupt HFR Measurement.

Ionomer Porosity

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IonomerPorosity
Type: Parameter
altLabel: nanoporous ionomer

A parameter specifying ionomer porosity.

Ionomer Thin Film Thickness

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IonomerThinFilmThickness
Type: Parameter
altLabel: thin film thickness; Nafion thin film thickness; Nafion ionomer film thickness

A parameter specifying thickness of PFSA ionomer thin film covering catalyst particles in the cathode catalyst layer (distinct from bulk membrane thickness).

Ionomer To Carbon Ratio

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IonomerToCarbonRatio
Type: Parameter
altLabel: I/C ratio; I/C weight ratio; dry ionomer to carbon ratio

A parameter specifying ionomer to carbon ratio used to characterize Oxygen Gain/Loss Measurement, O2–N2 Switching Measurement, and Current-Interrupt HFR Measurement.

Ionomer To Catalyst Mass Ratio

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IonomerToCatalystMassRatio
Type: Parameter
altLabel: ratio of FAA-3 ionomer to catalyst; ionomer-to-catalyst ratio; I/Cat

A parameter specifying ionomer to catalyst mass ratio used to characterize Catalyst Ink Preparation and Ink Formulation Specification Measurement.

Ionomer Type

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IonomerType
Type: Parameter
altLabel: PTFE ionomer; PVDF ionomer

A parameter specifying ionomer type used to characterize Catalyst Ink Preparation.

Ionomer Uniformity

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IonomerUniformity
Type: Parameter
altLabel: uniform ionomer distribution

A parameter specifying ionomer uniformity.

Ionomer Volume Fraction

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IonomerVolumeFraction
Type: Parameter
altLabel: ε_I; ionomer bulk volume fraction; ε_m

A parameter specifying ionomer volume fraction used to characterize Limiting Current Measurement, Catalyst Layer Composition Specification, and Areal Water Storage Space.

Ionomer Weight Percent In Catalyst Layer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IonomerWeightPercentInCatalystLayer
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying ionomer weight percent in catalyst layer.

IRCompensation Fraction

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IRCompensationFraction
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying ircompensation fraction used to characterize Linear Sweep Voltammetry.

Irradiation Time

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IrradiationTime
Type: Parameter
altLabel: visible-light irradiation time

A parameter specifying visible-light irradiation duration for photocatalytic degradation tests.

Isopropanol Mass Fraction In Ink

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IsopropanolMassFractionInInk
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying mass fraction of added isopropanol in the ink formulation (wt.% of total ink).

Isopropanol To Water Volume Ratio

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IsopropanolToWaterVolumeRatio
Type: Parameter
altLabel: isopropanol and water ratio 2:1

A parameter specifying description=Volume ratio of isopropanol to water in RRDE catalyst ink solvent mixture (2:1).

Isopropanol Volume Fraction In Solvent Mixture

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IsopropanolVolumeFractionInSolventMixture
Type: Parameter
altLabel: IPA; IPA volume fraction

A parameter specifying volume fraction of isopropanol in the IPA/H2O dispersing medium (DM); varied 10–70 vol% IPA.

K 2 O Al 2 O 3 Molar Ratio

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#K2OAl2O3MolarRatio
Type: Parameter
altLabel: K2O/Al203; K2O/Al2O3

A parameter specifying molar ratio K2O/Al2O3 in geopolymer formulation.

Ketonic Resin Mass

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#KetonicResinMass
Type: Parameter
altLabel: cyclohexanone-formaldehyde resin mass; Ketonic resin

A parameter specifying ketonic resin mass used to characterize Ink Formulation Measurement.

Knudsen Number

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#KnudsenNumber
Type: Parameter
altLabel: Kn

A parameter specifying Knudsen number (mean free path / pore diameter) used to assess Knudsen diffusion regime.

KOH Concentration

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#KOHConcentration
Type: Parameter
altLabel: M KOH

A parameter specifying KOH concentration used to characterize MEAPolarization, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Potentiostatic, and Rotating Ring Disk Voltammetry.

Lamp To Sample Distance

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#LampToSampleDistance
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying distance between lamp and reaction solution during irradiation.

Laser Fluence

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#LaserFluence
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying laser fluence/energy density used in PLD (e.g., 20 J/cm^2).

Laser Pulse Length

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#LaserPulseLength
Type: Parameter
altLabel: pulse length

A parameter specifying laser pulse duration used in PLD (e.g., 18 ns).

Laser Repetition Rate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#LaserRepetitionRate
Type: Parameter
altLabel: repetition rate

A parameter specifying laser repetition rate used in PLD (e.g., 10 Hz).

Laser Wavelength

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#LaserWavelength
Type: Parameter
altLabel: excitation wavelength; λ_laser; excimer laser wavelength

A parameter specifying laser wavelength used in confocal 3D laser scanning microscopy.

Laser Z Step

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#LaserZStep
Type: Parameter
altLabel: focusing height step; z-step

A parameter specifying increment in Z used for laser focus scanning in microscopy.

Lattice Diameter

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#LatticeDiameter
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying overall diameter of printed cylindrical lattice (mm).

Lattice Height

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#LatticeHeight
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying overall height of printed cylindrical lattice (mm).

Li Cl To BI Molar Ratio

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#LiClToBIMolarRatio
Type: Parameter
altLabel: [LiCl]/[BI] molar ratio

A parameter specifying liCl-to-benzimidazole repeat unit (BI) molar ratio used in DLS solutions.

Li Cl To PBI Weight Ratio

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#LiClToPBIWeightRatio
Type: Parameter
altLabel: [LiCl]/[PBI] weight ratio

A parameter specifying li cl to PBI weight ratio.

Ligand Exchange Reaction Time

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#LigandExchangeReactionTime
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying duration of ligand exchange reaction/stirring.

Light Source Power

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#LightSourcePower
Type: Parameter
altLabel: lamp power

A parameter specifying lamp power used as visible-light source in photocatalytic experiments.

Liquid Flow Rate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#LiquidFlowRate
Type: Parameter
altLabel: anode feed flow rate; ink flow rate; flow rate

A parameter specifying liquid volumetric flow rate of anode methanol solution.

Log Normal Standard Deviation

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#LogNormalStandardDeviation
Type: Parameter
altLabel: σ_lognormal

A parameter specifying standard deviation (log-normal) of aggregate diameter distribution; paper states 0.25.

Lower Potential Limit

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#LowerPotentialLimit
Type: Parameter
altLabel: lower limit; lower potential; lower limit potential

A parameter specifying lower limit of potential window for a protocol (V).

Magnetic Field Strength

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MagneticFieldStrength
Type: Parameter
altLabel: magnetic field

A parameter specifying applied magnetic field for magneto-electrochemistry.

Mass Flow Rate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MassFlowRate
Type: Parameter
altLabel: mass flow rate H2; flow rate; nL/min

A parameter specifying mass flow rate used to characterize MEAPolarization, Cyclic Voltammetry, and PEMFCCFD Simulation.

Maximum Particle Volume Fraction

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MaximumParticleVolumeFraction
Type: Parameter
altLabel: φ_max; maximum volume fraction

A parameter specifying maximum particle volume fraction parameter (φ_max) from Krieger–Dougherty model fit.

MEA Assembly Gap

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MEAAssemblyGap
Type: Parameter
altLabel: constant gap; hot-press gap

A parameter specifying proposed_new_term. paper_context: Fixed gap used during MEA assembly/hot-pressing (e.g., 740 µm or 800 µm).

Measurement Gap

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MeasurementGap
Type: Parameter
altLabel: gap (rheometer); gap between plates; doctor blade gap

A parameter specifying rheometer plate gap used during measurements.

Membrane Porous Layer Thickness

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MembranePorousLayerThickness
Type: Parameter
altLabel: porous layer thickness (membrane); porous layer thickness

A parameter specifying thickness of porous surface layer on a PEM (e.g., P-Nafion porous layer ~5 µm).

Membrane Thickness

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MembraneThickness
Type: Parameter
altLabel: nominal thickness; membrane height; state-of-the-art membrane

A parameter specifying membrane thickness used to characterize Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Potentiostatic, MEAAssembly Process, and PEMFCCFD Simulation.

Membrane Type

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MembraneType
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying membrane type used to characterize MEAAssembly Process.

Mercury Intrusion Pressure

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MercuryIntrusionPressure
Type: Parameter
altLabel: pressure min; pressure max

A parameter specifying applied pressure during mercury intrusion porosimetry measurement (min/max).

Mesopore Diameter

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MesoporeDiameter
Type: Parameter
altLabel: pore diameter

A parameter specifying mesopore diameter.

Metal Mass Per Oil Mass

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MetalMassPerOilMass
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying mass of alkali metal content per 100 g oil (as basis for comparison to homogeneous catalysts).

Methanol Concentration

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MethanolConcentration
Type: Parameter
altLabel: methanol conc.; [CH3OH]; MeOH

A parameter specifying methanol molar concentration in anode feed.

Methanol Excess Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MethanolExcessPercent
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying methanol molar excess relative to stoichiometric requirement.

Methanol Volume Per Oil Volume

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MethanolVolumePerOilVolume
Type: Parameter
altLabel: methanol:oil

A parameter specifying methanol-to-oil volume ratio used in reaction (mL methanol per 100 mL oil).

Microporous Layer Permeability

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MicroporousLayerPermeability
Type: Parameter
altLabel: KMPL; MPL permeability

A parameter specifying microporous layer permeability used to characterize Electrochemical Reaction Simulation.

Microporous Layer Porosity

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MicroporousLayerPorosity
Type: Parameter
altLabel: ε_MPL; porosity of MPL; MPL porosity

A parameter specifying porosity of microporous layer used in water storage calculations.

Microporous Layer Presence

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MicroporousLayerPresence
Type: Parameter
altLabel: MPL

A parameter specifying microporous layer presence.

Microscopy Measured Area

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MicroscopyMeasuredArea
Type: Parameter
altLabel: measured surface area; measured area

A parameter specifying area analyzed by 3D microscopy (~0.25 cm² in the coating center).

Milling Media Diameter

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MillingMediaDiameter
Type: Parameter
altLabel: zirconia ball diameter

A parameter specifying diameter of SiC milling media used during ball milling (mm).

Molar Concentration

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MolarConcentration
Type: Parameter
altLabel: molarity

A parameter specifying molar concentration (e.g., 0.5 M H2SO4).

Monomer Concentration

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MonomerConcentration
Type: Parameter
altLabel: styrene concentration; DMAEMA concentration; DMAEMA

A parameter specifying monomer concentrations used for radical polymerization (in buffer).

MSA Mass

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MSAMass
Type: Parameter
altLabel: MSA (mg)

A parameter specifying mass of MSA ligand added in ligand exchange batch.

MSA Weight Percent Of QD Powder

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MSAWeightPercentOfQDPowder
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying mass fraction of MSA added relative to QD powder mass during ligand exchange.

N Propanol Mass Fraction In Ink

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#NPropanolMassFractionInInk
Type: Parameter
altLabel: n-propanol (wt%); n-propanol fraction; WF_NPA

A parameter specifying 1-propanol mass fraction in total ink composition (paper reports wt%).

Na 2 O Al 2 O 3 Molar Ratio

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Na2OAl2O3MolarRatio
Type: Parameter
altLabel: Na20/Al203; Na2O/Al2O3

A parameter specifying molar ratio Na2O/Al2O3 in geopolymer formulation.

Nafion Fiber Loading

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#NafionFiberLoading
Type: Parameter
altLabel: Nafion fiber loading level; fiber loading level

A parameter specifying Areal loading of Nafion fibers electrospun onto membrane surface (mass per geometric area).

Nafion Solution Mass Fraction In Ink

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#NafionSolutionMassFractionInInk
Type: Parameter
altLabel: Nafion solution (wt.%); Nafion resin solution wt.%

A parameter specifying mass fraction of commercial Nafion dispersion added to the ink (wt.% of total ink).

Nafion To Pt Mass Ratio

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#NafionToPtMassRatio
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying mass ratio of Nafion (ionomer) to Pt mass applied to Pt/VACNT prior to hot pressing.

Nanoparticle Mass Concentration

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#NanoparticleMassConcentration
Type: Parameter
altLabel: g/L

A parameter specifying nanoparticle mass concentration used to characterize Analytical Centrifuge Sedimentation Measurement.

Needle Diameter

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#NeedleDiameter
Type: Parameter
altLabel: blunt needle diameter; nozzle diameter; external diameter

A parameter specifying needle diameter used to characterize Solvent Property Measurement, Contact Angle Measurement, and Ink Extrusion Process.

Ni To P Atomic Ratio

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#NiToPAtomicRatio
Type: Parameter
altLabel: Ni:P atomic ratio

A parameter specifying nominal atomic ratio of Ni:P in NiPB catalyst preparation.

Nickel Thiolate Mass

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#NickelThiolateMass
Type: Parameter
altLabel: Ni-BT mass

A parameter specifying mass of Ni-BT used in ink formulation.

Nitrocellulose Varnish Mass

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#NitrocelluloseVarnishMass
Type: Parameter
altLabel: varnish mass; Nitrocellulose varnish

A parameter specifying nitrocellulose varnish mass used to characterize Ink Formulation Measurement.

Nitrogen Source Volumetric Flow Rate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#NitrogenSourceVolumetricFlowRate
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying volumetric flow rate of nitrogen-source bubbling stream (TPA-Ac mixture).

Nitrogen Volumetric Flow Rate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#NitrogenVolumetricFlowRate
Type: Parameter
altLabel: nitrogen flow; nitrogen flow rate; flow rate

A parameter specifying nitrogen volumetric flow rate used to characterize Cyclic Voltammetry and Ambient Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition Synthesis.

Normalized Polymer Force Factor

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#NormalizedPolymerForceFactor
Type: Parameter
altLabel: normalized polymer force

A parameter specifying normalized polymer force factor used to characterize Discrete Element Method Packing Simulation.

Nozzle Diameter

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#NozzleDiameter
Type: Parameter
altLabel: nozzle inner diameter; dispense tip internal diameter; internal diameter

A parameter specifying nozzle diameter used to characterize Spray Coating, Direct Ink Writing, and Inkjet Printing Process.

Nozzle To Substrate Distance

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#NozzleToSubstrateDistance
Type: Parameter
altLabel: spray distance; standoff distance

A parameter specifying distance/height of spray nozzle relative to substrate during coating.

Number Of Cells

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#NumberOfCells
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying count of cells in the tested fuel cell stack (e.g., 47, 5, 96).

Number Of Cycles

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#NumberOfCycles
Type: Parameter
altLabel: potential cycles; CV cycles; durability cycles

A parameter specifying number of voltage cycles in a protocol (count).

Number Of Spray Passes

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#NumberOfSprayPasses
Type: Parameter
altLabel: number of passes; spray passes; number of spraying cycles

A parameter specifying number of spray passes used to build up coating thickness.

Operating Temperature

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#OperatingTemperature
Type: Parameter
altLabel: cell temperature; K; cell-operating temperature

A parameter specifying operating temperature used to characterize Oxygen Gain/Loss Measurement, O2–N2 Switching Measurement, and Through-Plane Gas Transport Measurement.

Operating Voltage

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#OperatingVoltage
Type: Parameter
altLabel: operating at 4.0 voltages (V); measurement voltage; OV

A parameter specifying device operating voltage during optical measurement.

Organic Solvent To Water Volume Ratio

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#OrganicSolventToWaterVolumeRatio
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying Volume ratio of organic solvent to water in the ink dispersion medium (v/v).

Oxygen Diffusion Coefficient In Ionomer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#OxygenDiffusionCoefficientInIonomer
Type: Parameter
altLabel: diffusion coeff cient of O2 in ionomer; Dionomer; oxygen diffusivity

A parameter specifying oxygen diffusion coefficient in ionomer used to characterize PEMFCCFD Simulation and Electrochemical Reaction Simulation.

Oxygen Partial Pressure

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#OxygenPartialPressure
Type: Parameter
altLabel: pO2; O2 partial pressure

A parameter specifying oxygen partial pressure at cathode (e.g., 21 kPa for polarization; 0.95 kPa for diluted-O2 limiting current tests).

Oxygen Solubility In Ionomer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#OxygenSolubilityInIonomer
Type: Parameter
altLabel: oxygen solubility

A parameter specifying oxygen solubility in ionomer.

Oxygen Volume Fraction

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#OxygenVolumeFraction
Type: Parameter
altLabel: oxygen mole fraction; O2 mole fraction; oxygen mass fraction in gas channel

A parameter specifying oxygen volume fraction in cathode feed gas during limiting-current measurements (0.5–2 vol.% O2 in N2).

Oxygen Volume Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#OxygenVolumePercent
Type: Parameter
altLabel: x_O2

A parameter specifying oxygen concentration in cathode gas mixture for limiting current tests (vol.%).

p H

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#pH
Type: Parameter
altLabel: medium pH; pH 5.5; pH of suspension

A parameter specifying pH of the dispersion medium / ink; reported to vary with ionomer loading and adjusted using H2SO4.

PAG 169 Weight Percent In Ink

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PAG169WeightPercentInInk
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying photo-acid generator mass fraction in formulation.

Palladium Chloride Concentration Ppm

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PalladiumChlorideConcentrationPpm
Type: Parameter
altLabel: ppm PdCl2; ppm Pd

A parameter specifying palladium chloride concentration ppm used to characterize Catalyst Ink Preparation.

Palladium Mass Fraction In Ink

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PalladiumMassFractionInInk
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying approximate Pd mass fraction in the water-borne inks.

Particle Density

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ParticleDensity
Type: Parameter
altLabel: IrO2 particle density; ρ_p; true density

A parameter specifying density of IrO2 particles used to estimate particle volume fraction.

Particle Volume Fraction

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ParticleVolumeFraction
Type: Parameter
altLabel: ε_cat; catalyst (including support) volume fraction; φ_Pt/C

A parameter specifying estimated particle volume fraction of IrO2 dispersions based on mass fraction and densities.

PDMS Base To Catalyst Weight Ratio

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PDMSBaseToCatalystWeightRatio
Type: Parameter
altLabel: base-to-catalyst ratio; weight ratio 10:1; base:catalyst ratio

A parameter specifying PDMS base to catalyst weight ratio used to characterize Ink Formulation Specification Measurement.

PEG Weight Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PEGWeightPercent
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying pEG content expressed as wt.% of dry geopolymer lattice formulation.

Pellet Annealing Temperature

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PelletAnnealingTemperature
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying annealing temperature for compressed pellet prior to Hall testing.

Pellet Annealing Time

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PelletAnnealingTime
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying annealing duration for compressed pellet prior to Hall testing.

PGM On Support Weight Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PGMOnSupportWeightPercent
Type: Parameter
altLabel: wt% PGM-on-support; PGM-on-support

A parameter specifying pGM-on-support weight percent (SOTA table).

Phosphoric Acid Loading

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PhosphoricAcidLoading
Type: Parameter
altLabel: PA loading; H3PO4 loading in CL

A parameter specifying areal loading of phosphoric acid added to cathode CL (mg/cm2).

Phosphoric Acid Weight Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PhosphoricAcidWeightPercent
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying phosphoric acid aqueous solution concentration used for doping (10 wt% for GDE/CL; 85 wt% for membrane).

Pigment Cyan 153 Mass

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PigmentCyan153Mass
Type: Parameter
altLabel: pigment mass; Pigment Cyan 15:3

A parameter specifying pigment cyan 153 mass used to characterize Ink Formulation Measurement.

Piston Displacement A 1

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PistonDisplacementA1
Type: Parameter
altLabel: ΔA1; extrusion piston displacement

A parameter specifying downward piston displacement used to extrude a required ink volume per pillar.

Piston Displacement A 2

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PistonDisplacementA2
Type: Parameter
altLabel: ΔA2; retraction piston displacement

A parameter specifying upward piston displacement used to halt ink flow immediately after pillar stretching.

Plasticizer ATBC Mass

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PlasticizerATBCMass
Type: Parameter
altLabel: ATBC mass; Plasticizer (ATBC)

A parameter specifying plasticizer ATBC mass used to characterize Ink Formulation Measurement.

Plate Diameter

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PlateDiameter
Type: Parameter
altLabel: parallel plate diameter

A parameter specifying diameter of rheometer parallel plates used in tests.

Polarization Point Duration

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PolarizationPointDuration
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying dwell time per polarization curve point.

Poly Acrylic Acid Mass Fraction In Ink

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PolyAcrylicAcidMassFractionInInk
Type: Parameter
altLabel: PAA wt.% in ink

A parameter specifying poly acrylic acid mass fraction in ink.

Polymer Force Exponential Coefficient

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PolymerForceExponentialCoefficient
Type: Parameter
altLabel: k2^(polymer)

A parameter specifying polymer force exponential coefficient used to characterize Discrete Element Method Packing Simulation.

Polymer Force Proportionality Constant

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PolymerForceProportionalityConstant
Type: Parameter
altLabel: k1^(polymer)

A parameter specifying polymer force proportionality constant used to characterize Discrete Element Method Packing Simulation.

Polymer Interaction Distance

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PolymerInteractionDistance
Type: Parameter
altLabel: L^(polymer)

A parameter specifying polymer interaction distance.

Polymer Solution Concentration

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PolymerSolutionConcentration
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying concentration of PDL dissolved in THF during ink formulation (w/v).

Polymeric Dispersant Mass

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PolymericDispersantMass
Type: Parameter
altLabel: dispersant mass; Polymeric dispersant

A parameter specifying polymeric dispersant mass used to characterize Ink Formulation Measurement.

Polymerization Duration

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PolymerizationDuration
Type: Parameter
altLabel: polymerization time

A parameter specifying duration of radical polymerization step.

Pore Radius

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PoreRadius
Type: Parameter
altLabel: R_p; pore size bin radius; r_pore

A parameter specifying pore radius used to characterize Transmission Line Model Analysis and Electrochemical Reaction Simulation.

Pore Volume Fraction

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PoreVolumeFraction
Type: Parameter
altLabel: w_k; crack volume fraction

A parameter specifying pore volume fraction used to characterize Transmission Line Model Analysis.

Positioning Accuracy

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PositioningAccuracy
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying positioning accuracy specification of the UV-assisted DIW apparatus (up to 5 µm).

POSS Content Relative To Ionomer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#POSSContentRelativeToIonomer
Type: Parameter
altLabel: POSS mass content; P0; P5

A parameter specifying mass percent of POSS additive relative to Nafion ionomer mass in cathode catalyst layer (CCL).

Potassium Content Weight Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PotassiumContentWeightPercent
Type: Parameter
altLabel: Potassium content (wt.%)

A parameter specifying potassium content in geopolymer lattice expressed as wt.% (dry basis).

Potential Ramp Time

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PotentialRampTime
Type: Parameter
altLabel: slope time

A parameter specifying not found in ONTOLOGY.jsonld. Time for potential transition/ramp between AST potential steps (paper reports fixed slope time of 0.25 s).

Potential Window

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PotentialWindow
Type: Parameter
altLabel: potential range; potential swept between; potential window lower bound

A parameter specifying potential window used to characterize Square Wave Voltammetry, Rotating Ring Disk Voltammetry, and Cyclic Voltammetry.

Pre Carbonization Temperature

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PreCarbonizationTemperature
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying pre-carbonization temperature under N2.

Pre Carbonization Time

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PreCarbonizationTime
Type: Parameter
altLabel: pre-carbonization duration

A parameter specifying duration of pre-carbonization under N2.

Pre Purge Time

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PrePurgeTime
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying pre purge time used to characterize Ambient Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition Synthesis.

Pre Reduction Temperature

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PreReductionTemperature
Type: Parameter
altLabel: °C

A parameter specifying in-autoclave prereduction temperature with H2 before adding furfural (50°C).

Pre Reduction Time

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PreReductionTime
Type: Parameter
altLabel: reduction time

A parameter specifying pre reduction time used to characterize Ambient Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition Synthesis and Furfural Hydrogenation Reaction Measurement.

Precursor Concentration

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PrecursorConcentration
Type: Parameter
altLabel: ink concentration; catalyst ink concentration; porphyrin solution concentration

A parameter specifying precursor concentration used to characterize Catalyst Impregnation, Catalyst Ink Preparation, and Dip Coating Process.

Print Job Duration

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PrintJobDuration
Type: Parameter
altLabel: print job

A parameter specifying typical duration of a DIW printing job for one lattice.

Print Pressure

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PrintPressure
Type: Parameter
altLabel: printing pressure; extrusion pressure; applied pressure (bar)

A parameter specifying applied pressure during screen printing (bar).

Print Resolution

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PrintResolution
Type: Parameter
altLabel: XY resolution

A parameter specifying reported printing resolution range for DLP and DIW subsystems.

Print Speed

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PrintSpeed
Type: Parameter
altLabel: mm/s; printing speed; print head speed

A parameter specifying printer head/filament deposition speed during DIW (mm/s).

Printed Area

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PrintedArea
Type: Parameter
altLabel: printed catalyst area

A parameter specifying printed catalyst layer area used in hot pressing reference (cm²).

Printed Layer Count

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PrintedLayerCount
Type: Parameter
altLabel: number of printed layers (1 to 4)

A parameter specifying printed layer count used to characterize Inkjet Printing Process.

Printed Line Width

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PrintedLineWidth
Type: Parameter
altLabel: line width; width of printed line; shell width

A parameter specifying width of printed precursor line features (µm).

Printer Filament Diameter Setting

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PrinterFilamentDiameterSetting
Type: Parameter
altLabel: "filament diameter" parameter; filament diameter setting

A parameter specifying Slic3r software filament diameter setting used to control peristaltic pump speed.

Printing Layer Thickness

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PrintingLayerThickness
Type: Parameter
altLabel: layer thickness; TL; TW

A parameter specifying printing layer thickness used to characterize Printing Parameter Specification.

Probability Density Morphology Parameter K

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ProbabilityDensityMorphologyParameterK
Type: Parameter
altLabel: parameter k; morphology factor k

A parameter specifying probability density (morphology) parameter k controlling aggregate shape in the reconstruction algorithm (k=3 for branch-type).

Profilometer Sampling Step

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ProfilometerSamplingStep
Type: Parameter
altLabel: sampling step

A parameter specifying spatial sampling step along profilometry scan.

Profilometer Stylus Force

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ProfilometerStylusForce
Type: Parameter
altLabel: stylus force

A parameter specifying normal force applied by stylus during contact profilometry.

Profilometer Stylus Speed

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ProfilometerStylusSpeed
Type: Parameter
altLabel: stylus speed

A parameter specifying lateral scan speed of the stylus during profilometry.

Profilometer Tip Radius

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ProfilometerTipRadius
Type: Parameter
altLabel: tip radius; stylus radius

A parameter specifying radius of hemispherical stylus tip used in contact profilometry.

Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Volume Fraction

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PropyleneGlycolMethylEtherVolumeFraction
Type: Parameter
altLabel: propylene glycol methyl ether vol%; propylene glycol methyl ether

A parameter specifying volume fraction of propylene glycol methyl ether in solvent mixture (vol.%).

Proton Conduct Layer Thickness Fraction In MCL

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ProtonConductLayerThicknessFractionInMCL
Type: Parameter
altLabel: proportion in MCL

A parameter specifying through-plane thickness fraction (percent) of layer X within total cathode MCL.

Pt C To PBI Weight Ratio

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PtCToPBIWeightRatio
Type: Parameter
altLabel: [Pt-C]/[PBI] weight ratio; Pt-C/PBI

A parameter specifying fixed at 19/1 in MEA catalyst layer per paper.

Pt Crystal Diameter

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PtCrystalDiameter
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying diameter of Pt(111) single-crystal substrate (10 mm).

Pt Crystal Thickness

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PtCrystalThickness
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying thickness of Pt(111) single-crystal substrate (5 mm).

Pt Hydrogen Adsorption Specific Charge

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PtHydrogenAdsorptionSpecificCharge
Type: Parameter
altLabel: specific charge; hydrogen adsorption charge constant; Pt specific charge

A parameter specifying pt hydrogen adsorption specific charge used to characterize Cyclic Voltammetry.

Pt Loading Per Power

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PtLoadingPerPower
Type: Parameter
altLabel: Pt loading (g/kW); Pt per power

A parameter specifying platinum loading normalized by rated power output (g Pt per kW), used by DOE performance index and NSTF electrode.

Pt Mass Fraction In Catalyst

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PtMassFractionInCatalyst
Type: Parameter
altLabel: Pt content in catalyst; Pt mass fraction; platinum mass fraction in catalyst

A parameter specifying pt mass fraction in catalyst used to characterize Catalyst Ink Preparation.

Pt On Carbon Catalyst Mass Fraction In Ink

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PtOnCarbonCatalystMassFractionInInk
Type: Parameter
altLabel: Pt/C wt.% in ink; Pt/Carbon (wt%); Pt/C catalyst concentration

A parameter specifying pt on carbon catalyst mass fraction in ink used to characterize Catalyst Ink Preparation.

Pt On Carbon Weight Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PtOnCarbonWeightPercent
Type: Parameter
altLabel: Pt on carbon ratio; Pt mass fraction in Pt/C; Pt wt% on carbon

A parameter specifying pt mass fraction in Pt/C electrocatalyst (wt%). Used to tune CL thickness at constant Pt loading and I/C.

Pt Ru On Carbon Weight Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PtRuOnCarbonWeightPercent
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying metal weight percent in PtRu/C catalyst (analogous to PtOnCarbonWeightPercent).

PTFE Loading Fraction Of Solids

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PTFELoadingFractionOfSolids
Type: Parameter
altLabel: PTFE loading; PTFE loading (wt.% of solids); HL

A parameter specifying PTFE loading fraction of solids used to characterize Ink Composition Specification and Ink Recipe Definition.

Pulse Current

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PulseCurrent
Type: Parameter
altLabel: i_pulse; current pulse

A parameter specifying description=Galvanostatic discharge current used for SC-MFC pulse tests.

Pulse Duration

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PulseDuration
Type: Parameter
altLabel: t_pulse; pulse time

A parameter specifying description=Duration of galvanostatic discharge pulse.

Purification Repetitions

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PurificationRepetitions
Type: Parameter
altLabel: repeated 3 times; multiple purifications; isolated by centrifugation (repeated 3 times)

A parameter specifying number of purification/centrifugation repetitions.

Pyrolysis Temperature

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PyrolysisTemperature
Type: Parameter
altLabel: heat treatment temperature; calcination temperature

A parameter specifying setpoint temperature used during pyrolysis heat treatment.

Pyrolysis Time

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PyrolysisTime
Type: Parameter
altLabel: calcination time

A parameter specifying duration of the pyrolysis heat treatment.

QD Ink Solvent Weight Ratio

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#QDInkSolventWeightRatio
Type: Parameter
altLabel: solvent ratio; co-solvent ratio; HXA:MEK

A parameter specifying mass ratio(s) of solvent components used in ink formulations.

QD Powder Mass

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#QDPowderMass
Type: Parameter
altLabel: QD powder (mg)

A parameter specifying mass of QD powder used in ligand exchange batch.

Quantum Dot Weight Percent In Ink

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#QuantumDotWeightPercentInInk
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying quantum-dot mass fraction in ink/photoresist formulation.

Ramp Rate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#RampRate
Type: Parameter
altLabel: ramp-up rate; °C/min

A parameter specifying heating rate used during thermal treatment.

Raster Pitch

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#RasterPitch
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying Raster line pitch between adjacent serpentine passes during electrospray deposition. | Needed to capture raster pattern geometry; not found in ontology.

Reaction Area Position In Catalyst Layer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ReactionAreaPositionInCatalystLayer
Type: Parameter
altLabel: reaction area position; reaction area moves from PEM to GDL

A parameter specifying categorical descriptor of where the active reaction layer (Y) is located through-plane: near PEM, mid-CL, or near GDL.

Reaction Layer Thickness Fraction In MCL

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ReactionLayerThicknessFractionInMCL
Type: Parameter
altLabel: proportion in MCL

A parameter specifying through-plane thickness fraction (percent) of layer Y within total cathode MCL.

Reaction Temperature

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ReactionTemperature
Type: Parameter
altLabel: synthesis temperature; T; treatment temperature

A parameter specifying temperature of transesterification reaction.

Reaction Time

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ReactionTime
Type: Parameter
altLabel: hold time; treatment time

A parameter specifying duration of transesterification reaction.

Reactor Tube Diameter

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ReactorTubeDiameter
Type: Parameter
altLabel: quartz tube diameter

A parameter specifying inner/nominal diameter of the quartz tube reactor (mm).

Reference Concentration

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ReferenceConcentration
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying reference concentration used to characterize PEMFCCFD Simulation.

Reference Current Density

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ReferenceCurrentDensity
Type: Parameter
altLabel: RCD; reference exchange density; reference current prefactor

A parameter specifying reference current density used to characterize Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Galvanostatic and PEMFCCFD Simulation.

Reference Scale

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ReferenceScale
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying reference scale used to characterize Square Wave Voltammetry, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Potentiostatic, and Rotating Ring Disk Voltammetry.

Relative Humidity

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#RelativeHumidity
Type: Parameter
altLabel: RH; humidification; Relative humidity A/C

A parameter specifying relative humidity used to characterize Oxygen Gain/Loss Measurement, O2–N2 Switching Measurement, and Through-Plane Gas Transport Measurement.

Relative Humidity AST

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#RelativeHumidityAST
Type: Parameter
altLabel: RH_AST; relative humidity during voltage cycling

A parameter specifying relative humidity during accelerated stress test (voltage cycling). Distinct from RH_OP in paper.

Relative Humidity Operation

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#RelativeHumidityOperation
Type: Parameter
altLabel: RH_OP; RH during operation; RH

A parameter specifying relative humidity during a given measurement operation (CO stripping, polarization, etc.). Distinct from RH_AST in paper.

Relative Proton Conductivity Coefficient Low RIC

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#RelativeProtonConductivityCoefficientLowRIC
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying prefactor coefficient (2.3×) in low-R_I/C regime relative proton conductivity correlation (Eq. 7).

Relative Proton Conductivity Exponent RIC High

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#RelativeProtonConductivityExponentRICHigh
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying exponent on R_I/C in relative proton conductivity correlation for R_I/C ≥ threshold (uniform/heterogeneous high-R_I/C regime).

Relative Proton Conductivity Exponent RIC Low

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#RelativeProtonConductivityExponentRICLow
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying exponent on R_I/C in low-R_I/C regime relative proton conductivity correlation (Eq. 7).

Relative Proton Conductivity Exponent VCB

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#RelativeProtonConductivityExponentVCB
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying exponent on carbon volume fraction V_CB in relative proton conductivity correlation (both regimes).

Relative Proton Conductivity Threshold RIC

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#RelativeProtonConductivityThresholdRIC
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying threshold R_I/C separating regimes in heterogeneous ionomer coating relative conductivity correlation (percolation-like shift).

Removed Strip Width

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#RemovedStripWidth
Type: Parameter
altLabel: removed strips width; strip width

A parameter specifying removed strip width used to characterize Profilometry Sample Preparation.

Rest Time

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#RestTime
Type: Parameter
altLabel: self-recharge rest

A parameter specifying description=Rest time between pulses during SC-MFC testing (self-recharge period).

Retraction Rate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#RetractionRate
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying speed used to retract nozzle from pillar tip to separate cleanly and stop flow.

Rheological Percolation Threshold Volume Fraction

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#RheologicalPercolationThresholdVolumeFraction
Type: Parameter
altLabel: φ_r; critical volume fraction (r

A parameter specifying rheological percolation threshold volume fraction.

Ring Collection Efficiency

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#RingCollectionEfficiency
Type: Parameter
altLabel: collection efficiency; N; collection efficiency N

A parameter specifying ring collection efficiency used to characterize Rotating Ring Disk Voltammetry.

Ring Potential

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#RingPotential
Type: Parameter
altLabel: ring electrode potential

A parameter specifying ring potential used to characterize Rotating Ring Disk Voltammetry.

Rolling Speed

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#RollingSpeed
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying roll-press process parameter controlling effective pressing duration.

Rotation Rate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#RotationRate
Type: Parameter
altLabel: rotation speed; rotation speed (rpm); rotating speed

A parameter specifying rotation rate used to characterize Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Potentiostatic, Rotating Ring Disk Voltammetry, and Cyclic Voltammetry.

Saturated Ionomer Water Content Lambda

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SaturatedIonomerWaterContentLambda
Type: Parameter
altLabel: λ_sat; saturated ionomer water content

A parameter specifying saturated ionomer water content (dimensionless) at given sub-zero temperature (10.3 at −10°C; 7.8 at −20°C).

Scaling Exponent A

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ScalingExponentA
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying scaling exponent in G0′ ∝ φ^A (Eq. 5).

Scaling Exponent B

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ScalingExponentB
Type: Parameter
altLabel: B

A parameter specifying scaling exponent in γ0 ∝ φ^B (Eq. 6).

Scaling Exponent T

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ScalingExponentT
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying scaling exponent in Σ ∝ (φ - φ_e,c)^t (Eq. 10).

Scan Rate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ScanRate
Type: Parameter
altLabel: CV scan rate; scanning rate; scan rate (mV s−1)

A parameter specifying scan rate used to characterize Rotating Ring Disk Voltammetry, Cyclic Voltammetry, and ECSABy Double Layer Capacitance.

Scattering Angle

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ScatteringAngle
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying scattering angle used to characterize Dynamic Light Scattering Measurement.

Screen Ruling

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ScreenRuling
Type: Parameter
altLabel: screen ruling (lines/cm); screen mesh ruling

A parameter specifying number of lines per centimeter in screen mesh used for printing.

Screen Volume

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ScreenVolume
Type: Parameter
altLabel: screen volume (BCM/cm2); free volume

A parameter specifying free volume of screen mesh per area, in BCM/cm2.

Segment Active Area

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SegmentActiveArea
Type: Parameter
altLabel: segment area; disc electrode area

A parameter specifying geometric active area per segment in segmented cell (Methods 2.1).

Segment Count

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SegmentCount
Type: Parameter
altLabel: number of segments; ten segments

A parameter specifying number of segments in segmented cell (Methods 2.1).

Shear Mixing Repetitions

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ShearMixingRepetitions
Type: Parameter
altLabel: repeated twenty times

A parameter specifying number of shear-mixing cycles (each 2 min) in blender.

Shear Mixing Rest Time

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ShearMixingRestTime
Type: Parameter
altLabel: rest/open time; rest time

A parameter specifying rest time between blender shear-mixing cycles (blender left open).

Shear Rate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ShearRate
Type: Parameter
altLabel: s^-1; shear rate (s^-1)

A parameter specifying shear rate experienced by ink during processing (e.g., 10^4–10^6 s^-1 in spraying).

Shear Rate Sweep Max

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ShearRateSweepMax
Type: Parameter
altLabel: steady-rate sweep; maximum shear rate; max shear rate

A parameter specifying maximum shear rate in steady-rate sweep test.

Shear Rate Sweep Min

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ShearRateSweepMin
Type: Parameter
altLabel: steady-rate sweep; minimum shear rate; min shear rate

A parameter specifying minimum shear rate in steady-rate sweep test.

Shear Strain

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ShearStrain
Type: Parameter
altLabel: strain amplitude; mm/mm

A parameter specifying oscillatory shear strain amplitude used in DSO/3ITT rheology protocols.

Shear Strain Sweep Max

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ShearStrainSweepMax
Type: Parameter
altLabel: dynamic strain sweep

A parameter specifying maximum deformation/strain in dynamic strain sweep test.

Shear Strain Sweep Min

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ShearStrainSweepMin
Type: Parameter
altLabel: dynamic strain sweep

A parameter specifying minimum deformation/strain in dynamic strain sweep test.

Si C Fiber Volume Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SiCFiberVolumePercent
Type: Parameter
altLabel: SiC fiber [vol %]

A parameter specifying si C fiber volume percent used to characterize Ink Formulation Specification.

Si O 2 Al 2 O 3 Molar Ratio

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SiO2Al2O3MolarRatio
Type: Parameter
altLabel: SiO2/Al203; SiO2/Al2O3

A parameter specifying molar ratio SiO2/Al2O3 in geopolymer formulation.

Simulation Particle Count

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SimulationParticleCount
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying dEM particle count; paper states total number of particles close to 4000.

Simulation Time Step Count

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SimulationTimeStepCount
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying dEM run length; paper states simulations executed with 30,000 timesteps.

Sintering Temperature

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SinteringTemperature
Type: Parameter
altLabel: final temperature; thermally sintered; post-sintering temperature

A parameter specifying peak sintering temperature for different materials.

Sliding Window Size

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SlidingWindowSize
Type: Parameter
altLabel: window size

A parameter specifying number of past time steps used as the input window for sequence modeling.

SMP 10 Volume Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SMP10VolumePercent
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying SMP 10 volume percent used to characterize Ink Formulation Specification.

Sodium Content Weight Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SodiumContentWeightPercent
Type: Parameter
altLabel: Sodium content (wt.%)

A parameter specifying sodium content in geopolymer lattice expressed as wt.% (dry basis).

Solid Content Fraction

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SolidContentFraction
Type: Parameter
altLabel: solid content; solids content; S.C.

A parameter specifying solid content fraction used to characterize Catalyst Ink Preparation, Dynamic Light Scattering Measurement, and Rheology Measurement.

Solid Loading Volume Fraction

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SolidLoadingVolumeFraction
Type: Parameter
altLabel: solid loading

A parameter specifying volume fraction of solids in ink (reported for aluminum ink).

Solution Volume

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SolutionVolume
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying volume of RhB aqueous solution used in photodegradation test.

Solvent Evaporation Rate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SolventEvaporationRate
Type: Parameter
altLabel: evaporation rate of solvent; evaporation rate

A parameter specifying mass-fraction evaporation rate during annealing (controlled constant).

Solvent Mass Ratio

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SolventMassRatio
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying mass ratio between solvents in ink formulation (e.g., IPA:butyl acetate = 1:1).

Solvent To Carbon Ratio

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SolventToCarbonRatio
Type: Parameter
altLabel: SCR; GCR; glycerol-to-carbon ratio

A parameter specifying mass ratio of ink solvent (here mainly glycerol) to carbon in catalyst ink.

Solvent To Water Volume Ratio

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SolventToWaterVolumeRatio
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying solvent to water volume ratio used to characterize Catalyst Ink Preparation.

Solvent Type

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SolventType
Type: Parameter
altLabel: alcohol type; organic solvent; dispersing solvent

A parameter specifying solvent type used to characterize Oxygen Gain/Loss Measurement, O2–N2 Switching Measurement, and Current-Interrupt HFR Measurement.

Sonication Amplitude Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SonicationAmplitudePercent
Type: Parameter
altLabel: sonication amplitude; sonication amplitude (% of max power); sonication amplitude of maximum power

A parameter specifying sonication amplitude expressed as percent of maximum sonicator power (paper reports 20–50% amplitude).

Sonication Power

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SonicationPower
Type: Parameter
altLabel: ultrasonic power; W; ultrasonic bath power

A parameter specifying sonication power used to characterize Ink Ultrasonication, Ultrasonic Liquid Exfoliation, and Ultrasonic Deposition Process.

Sonication Time

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SonicationTime
Type: Parameter
altLabel: probe sonication duration; ultrasonication time; sonicating for two minutes

A parameter specifying sonication time used to characterize Catalyst Ink Preparation, Ink Ultrasonication, and Analytical Centrifuge Sedimentation Measurement.

Spacer Thickness

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SpacerThickness
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying spacer thickness between identical electrodes in symmetric dummy cell for EIS/Tafel.

Spanning Distance

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SpanningDistance
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying distance between supports for an unsupported filament span in the lattice design.

Spin Coating Speed

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SpinCoatingSpeed
Type: Parameter
altLabel: spin speed

A parameter specifying spin-coating speed used to deposit QD photoresist films.

Spin Coating Time

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SpinCoatingTime
Type: Parameter
altLabel: spin time

A parameter specifying spin coating time.

Spray Air Pressure

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SprayAirPressure
Type: Parameter
altLabel: air flow pressure; air pressure; expulsion pressure

A parameter specifying atomizing air pressure during spray coating (set by regulator).

Spray Angle

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SprayAngle
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying spray angle used to characterize Spray Coating.

Spray Coating Pass Count

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SprayCoatingPassCount
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying number of ultrasonic spray coating passes/run times used to deposit a given layer.

Spray Distance

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SprayDistance
Type: Parameter
altLabel: nozzle-to-electrode distance

A parameter specifying spray distance used to characterize Spray Coating.

Spray Duration

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SprayDuration
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying duration of spraying/atomization during spray coating to tune catalyst/Pt loading.

Spray Speed

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SpraySpeed
Type: Parameter
altLabel: nozzle speed

A parameter specifying nozzle travel speed during each spray pass.

Sputter Coating Current

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SputterCoatingCurrent
Type: Parameter
altLabel: mA current

A parameter specifying current used during sputter coating (mA).

Sputter Coating Time

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SputterCoatingTime
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying duration of gold sputter coating prior to SEM (s).

Square Wave Amplitude

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SquareWaveAmplitude
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying square wave amplitude used to characterize Square Wave Voltammetry.

Stirring Speed

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#StirringSpeed
Type: Parameter
altLabel: stirring rate; mixing speed (rpm); mixing speed

A parameter specifying stirring speed used to characterize Catalyst Ink Preparation, High Shear Mixing, and Catalyst Wetting Drying Treatment.

Stirring Time

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#StirringTime
Type: Parameter
altLabel: stirred overnight; rolling time; mixing time (min)

A parameter specifying duration of stirring during synthesis/sol-gel modification.

Storage Temperature

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#StorageTemperature
Type: Parameter
altLabel: subzero storage temperature

A parameter specifying temperature used during subzero storage/freezing step of durability protocol.

Storage Time

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#StorageTime
Type: Parameter
altLabel: frozen time

A parameter specifying duration of each subzero storage/freezing step.

Strip Spacing

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#StripSpacing
Type: Parameter
altLabel: line spacing; spacing d

A parameter specifying spacing between removed strips on sample during profilometry preparation.

Strut Thickness

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#StrutThickness
Type: Parameter
altLabel: strut size

A parameter specifying thickness/diameter of printed struts/filaments.

SU 8 Weight Percent In Ink

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SU8WeightPercentInInk
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying sU-8 binder mass fraction in formulation.

Sublimation Time

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SublimationTime
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying sublimation time.

Substrate Temperature

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SubstrateTemperature
Type: Parameter
altLabel: hot-plate temperature; spray deposition temperature; spray temperature

A parameter specifying substrate temperature during spray coating to accelerate solvent evaporation between passes.

Surfactant Solution Concentration

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SurfactantSolutionConcentration
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying concentration of alkylpolyglycoside surfactant in water used for ferritin stabilization (paper states 2% solution; basis not specified).

Syringe Volume

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SyringeVolume
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying syringe volume used in the DIW dispensing system.

Target Substrate Distance

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#TargetSubstrateDistance
Type: Parameter
altLabel: distance from catalyst pellet

A parameter specifying target-to-substrate distance in PLD vacuum chamber.

TEM Defocus

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#TEMDefocus
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying tEM defocus setting used to increase contrast in zero-loss cryo-TEM imaging.

Temperature

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Temperature
Type: Parameter
altLabel: cell temperature; operating temperature; room temperature

A parameter specifying temperature used to characterize MEAPolarization, Square Wave Voltammetry, and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Potentiostatic.

Template Removal Duration

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#TemplateRemovalDuration
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying duration of acid quench step to remove ferritin template.

Test Duration

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#TestDuration
Type: Parameter
altLabel: stability duration

A parameter specifying duration of long-term cyclic straining test (21 days) and/or cell culture (7 days).

Thermal Conductivity

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ThermalConductivity
Type: Parameter
altLabel: k_i; through-plane thermal conductivity

A parameter specifying thermal conductivity.

Threshold Aggregate Diameter

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ThresholdAggregateDiameter
Type: Parameter
altLabel: threshold aggregate size

A parameter specifying threshold aggregate diameter used to characterize Ink Stability Model Calculation.

Tortuosity Porosity Exponent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#TortuosityPorosityExponent
Type: Parameter
altLabel: power-law exponent; power-law fit exponent

A parameter specifying tortuosity porosity exponent used to characterize Tortuosity Calculation.

Total Ink Formulation Mass

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#TotalInkFormulationMass
Type: Parameter
altLabel: total mass

A parameter specifying total ink formulation mass used to characterize Ink Formulation Measurement.

Total Ionomer To Carbon Ratio

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#TotalIonomerToCarbonRatio
Type: Parameter
altLabel: I_total/C; total ionomer/carbon ratio

A parameter specifying total ionomer-to-carbon mass ratio in iNFS-CL including both electrosprayed ionomer and electrospun fiber ionomer (paper notation Itotal/C).

Triiodide Concentration

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#TriiodideConcentration
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying triiodide concentration.

Ultrasonication Time

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#UltrasonicationTime
Type: Parameter
altLabel: sonication time; probe sonication time; ultrasonic bath time

A parameter specifying ultrasonication duration to disperse graphene in ethanol.

Upper Potential Limit

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#UpperPotentialLimit
Type: Parameter
altLabel: upper limit; upper potential; upper potential value

A parameter specifying upper limit of potential window for a protocol (V).

UV Bandwidth

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#UVBandwidth
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying spectral bandwidth during UV–vis acquisition.

UV Exposure Time

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#UVExposureTime
Type: Parameter
altLabel: exposure time

A parameter specifying uV exposure duration in photolithography.

UV Irradiance

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#UVIrradiance
Type: Parameter
altLabel: UV light intensity

A parameter specifying incident UV irradiance used for curing during photorheology/FTIR (reported ~28 mW/cm2).

UV Irradiation Time

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#UVIrradiationTime
Type: Parameter
altLabel: UV exposure time

A parameter specifying duration of UV exposure during curing (e.g., 2–14 s values discussed).

UV Scan Speed

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#UVScanSpeed
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying UV scan speed used to characterize UV Visible Spectroscopy Measurement.

UV Wavelength Range

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#UVWavelengthRange
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying wavelength range over which UV intensity was monitored/detected (230–410 nm).

Vacuum Chamber Pressure

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#VacuumChamberPressure
Type: Parameter
altLabel: vacuum pressure

A parameter specifying vacuum chamber pressure used to characterize Vacuum Drying.

Vacuum Drying Time

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#VacuumDryingTime
Type: Parameter
altLabel: solvent evaporation time; drying time

A parameter specifying vacuum drying time used before/after ligand exchange.

Vacuum Pressure

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#VacuumPressure
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying vacuum pressure applied during degassing, freeze drying, or impregnation (Pa).

Viscosity Recovery High Shear Duration

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ViscosityRecoveryHighShearDuration
Type: Parameter
altLabel: viscosity recovery; high shear duration

A parameter specifying duration of high shear step in viscosity recovery test.

Viscosity Recovery Shear Rate High

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ViscosityRecoveryShearRateHigh
Type: Parameter
altLabel: viscosity recovery; high shear rate

A parameter specifying high shear rate applied in viscosity recovery test.

Viscosity Recovery Shear Rate Low

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ViscosityRecoveryShearRateLow
Type: Parameter
altLabel: viscosity recovery; low shear rate

A parameter specifying low shear rate applied in viscosity recovery test.

Voxel Size

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#VoxelSize
Type: Parameter
altLabel: pixel size; nm/voxel

A parameter specifying tomography voxel volume or voxel edge length used in reconstruction.

Water Bath Temperature

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#WaterBathTemperature
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying temperature of cooling bath during ultrasonication (paper reports 5 °C).

Water Content Fraction

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#WaterContentFraction
Type: Parameter
altLabel: water content

A parameter specifying water content fraction.

Water Drop Volume

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#WaterDropVolume
Type: Parameter
altLabel: μL

A parameter specifying liquid volume used for sessile-drop contact angle test.

Water Mass Fraction In Ink

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#WaterMassFractionInInk
Type: Parameter
altLabel: ink H2O content

A parameter specifying mass fraction of extra added water in the ink (not counting water already in Nafion dispersion).

Water Mass Fraction In Solvent Mixture

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#WaterMassFractionInSolventMixture
Type: Parameter
altLabel: water fraction in solvent; water fraction; water-rich solvent

A parameter specifying mass fraction of water in the solvent mixture used in ionomer dispersion or catalyst ink.

Water To Ethanol Ratio

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#WaterToEthanolRatio
Type: Parameter
altLabel: water/ethanol ratio 3:2; water/ethanol ratio; ethanol:water 1:1

A parameter specifying solvent mixing ratio water:ethanol = 3:2 used for inks and carbon dispersion.

Water To Isopropanol Molar Ratio

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#WaterToIsopropanolMolarRatio
Type: Parameter
altLabel: [Water]/[IPA] (molar ratio)

A parameter specifying water to isopropanol molar ratio used to characterize Ink Ultrasonication, Solvent Physical Property Compilation, and Solvent Property Lookup.

Water To Isopropanol Volume Ratio

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#WaterToIsopropanolVolumeRatio
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying proposed_new_term. paper_context: Ratio of water to isopropanol in ink solvent (stated as 1:1).

Water To N Propanol Volume Ratio

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#WaterToNPropanolVolumeRatio
Type: Parameter
altLabel: H2O/alcohol volume ratio; H2O/n-PA volume ratio; water:propanol ratio

A parameter specifying water to N propanol volume ratio used to characterize Catalyst Ink Preparation.

Water To N Propanol Weight Ratio

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#WaterToNPropanolWeightRatio
Type: Parameter
altLabel: water/propan-1-ol weight ratio; water/propan-1-ol weight ratio = 4.32

A parameter specifying mass ratio of water to n-propanol in solvent mixture (paper reports weight ratio; ontology has volume-ratio variants).

Water Vapor Concentration Ppm

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#WaterVaporConcentrationPpm
Type: Parameter
altLabel: water vapour concentration

A parameter specifying water vapor concentration ppm used to characterize Water Assisted Low Pressure CVD.

Water Vapor Volumetric Flow Rate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#WaterVaporVolumetricFlowRate
Type: Parameter
altLabel: water vapor (0–35 cm3/min); water vapor flow

A parameter specifying water vapor volumetric flow rate used to characterize Ambient Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition Synthesis.

Wavelength

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Wavelength
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying wavelength used to characterize UV Visible Spectroscopy Measurement, Photoluminescence Spectroscopy Measurement, and External Quantum Efficiency Measurement.

Wavelength Cutoff

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#WavelengthCutoff
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying cutoff wavelength of optical filter used during visible-light irradiation.

Web Tension

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#WebTension
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying web tension used to characterize Slot Die Coating.

Wetting Dip Time

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#WettingDipTime
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying pre-wetting dip time in ethanol/water mixture prior to CV.

Wetting Solvent To Water Volume Ratio

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#WettingSolventToWaterVolumeRatio
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying volume ratio used for pre-wetting coated electrode prior to CV (~1:9 ethanol:water v/v).

Working Time Deformation

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#WorkingTimeDeformation
Type: Parameter
altLabel: working time

A parameter specifying deformation amplitude used for working-time evaluation.

Working Time Duration

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#WorkingTimeDuration
Type: Parameter
altLabel: working time

A parameter specifying duration of working-time determination test.

Working Time Frequency

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#WorkingTimeFrequency
Type: Parameter
altLabel: working time

A parameter specifying frequency used for working-time evaluation.

X Ray Beam Energy

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#XRayBeamEnergy
Type: Parameter
altLabel: beam energy

A parameter specifying monochromatic X-ray beam energy used in diffraction/tomography.

X Ray Wavelength

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#XRayWavelength
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying X ray wavelength used to characterize X Ray Diffraction Measurement.

XRD Step Size

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#XRDStepSize
Type: Parameter
altLabel: step size

A parameter specifying XRD step size used to characterize X Ray Diffraction Measurement.

XRD Two Theta End

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#XRDTwoThetaEnd
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying xRD scan upper bound of 2θ range (degrees).

XRD Two Theta Start

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#XRDTwoThetaStart
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying xRD scan lower bound of 2θ range (degrees).

XTM Scan Time

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#XTMScanTime
Type: Parameter
altLabel: scan time

A parameter specifying proposed_new_term. paper_context: Duration of a single XTM scan (1 h).

Zeta Potential Stability Threshold

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ZetaPotentialStabilityThreshold
Type: Parameter
altLabel: mV stability threshold; mV threshold

A parameter specifying rule-of-thumb absolute zeta potential thresholds for dispersion stability cited in the paper.

Zr B 2 Volume Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ZrB2VolumePercent
Type: Parameter

A parameter specifying zr B 2 volume percent used to characterize Ink Formulation Specification.

Properties

525 terms

Absorption Peak Wavelength

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AbsorptionPeakWavelength
Type: Property
altLabel: absorption peak

A property denoting wavelength of UV–Vis absorption maxima (e.g., porphyrin Soret/Q bands, peaks observed in solid-state/solution).

Acid Doping Level

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AcidDopingLevel
Type: Property
altLabel: ADL; PA-doping level; PA_dop

A property denoting phosphoric-acid doping level of PBI/PIM membrane (mol PA per mol repeat unit).

Acid Mass Uptake Ratio

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AcidMassUptakeRatio
Type: Property
altLabel: mass uptake ratio

A property denoting fractional mass increase upon acid doping measured by QCM (Δm/m0); used to estimate acid uptake.

Acid Uptake Weight Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AcidUptakeWeightPercent
Type: Property
altLabel: Acid uptake (wt%); acid uptake

A property denoting acid uptake weight percent and determined in Acid Uptake Measurement.

Acid Value

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AcidValue
Type: Property
altLabel: acidity

A property denoting acid value and determined in Acid Base Titration Measurement.

Adsorbed Aggregate Lateral Size

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AdsorbedAggregateLateralSize
Type: Property
altLabel: lateral size of adsorbed aggregates; aggregate size (AFM); lateral size

A property denoting adsorbed aggregate lateral size and determined in Atomic Force Microscopy Measurement.

Ag Ag Cl Potential Vs RHE

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AgAgClPotentialVsRHE
Type: Property
altLabel: E_Ag/AgCl = 1.015-1.026 V_RHE; Ag/AgCl potential against RHE; E_Ag/AgCl

A property denoting potential of Ag/AgCl reference electrode expressed on the RHE scale (offset/conversion factor) measured for each electrolyte batch.

Agglomerate Surface Area

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AgglomerateSurfaceArea
Type: Property

A property denoting surface area of ink agglomerates (mentioned as an ink-stage descriptor; no numeric values in this source).

Al Content Wt

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AlContentWt
Type: Property
altLabel: Al content; wt.% Al

A property denoting aluminum weight percent in LDH (from ICP-AES).

Anode Potential

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AnodePotential
Type: Property
altLabel: MFC-CICo; MFC-CIFe; MFC-Pt

A property denoting anode electrode potential measured vs Ag/AgCl during operation/polarization.

Anode Reaction Resistance

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AnodeReactionResistance
Type: Property
altLabel: ARR

A property denoting combined anode reaction resistance ARR = Rct*R0/(Rct+R0) reported for methanol oxidation at 0.5 V.

Anode Resistance

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AnodeResistance
Type: Property
altLabel: RA

A property denoting description=Anode resistance extracted from anode ohmic drop during pulse (Ohm).

Apparent Density

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ApparentDensity
Type: Property
altLabel: ρ_a

A property denoting apparent density measured by helium pycnometry on fragments.

Area Normalized Anode Resistance

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AreaNormalizedAnodeResistance
Type: Property
altLabel: area based resistance; MFC-CICo; MFC-CIFe

A property denoting anode resistance normalized by electrode area from EPS analysis (Ω·m^2).

Area Normalized Cathode Resistance

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AreaNormalizedCathodeResistance
Type: Property
altLabel: area based resistance; MFC-CICo; MFC-CIFe

A property denoting cathode resistance normalized by electrode area from EPS analysis (Ω·m^2).

Area Normalized Overall Resistance

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AreaNormalizedOverallResistance
Type: Property
altLabel: whole-cell area resistance; overall area resistance; MFC-CICo

A property denoting overall cell resistance normalized by electrode area from EPS analysis (Ω·m^2).

Areal Water Storage Space

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ArealWaterStorageSpace
Type: Property
altLabel: water storage space; water storage capacity

A property denoting areal water storage space and determined in Water Storage Space Calculation.

Astrocyte Cell Area

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AstrocyteCellArea
Type: Property
altLabel: mean astrocyte area; µm²

A property denoting average cell area for astrocytes on substrates, quantified from microscopy images.

Astrocyte Percentage

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AstrocytePercentage
Type: Property
altLabel: percentage of astrocytes; % astrocytes

A property denoting fraction of astrocytes in mixed neural culture attached to each substrate, quantified via immunostaining.

Average Chopped Fiber Length

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AverageChoppedFiberLength
Type: Property
altLabel: average SiC fiber length; Average SiC fiber length (mm)

A property denoting mean chopped SiC fiber length after mixing (mm).

Average Pore Diameter

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AveragePoreDiameter
Type: Property
altLabel: pore diameter; mean pore diameter; average pore size

A property denoting average pore diameter and determined in X Ray Computed Tomography Imaging, Nitrogen Physisorption Measurement, and Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry Measurement.

Average Pore Size

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AveragePoreSize
Type: Property
altLabel: pore size; BJH pore size; mean pore size

A property denoting average pore size of carbon xerogel support (reported characteristic value).

Backbone Attachment Molar Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#BackboneAttachmentMolarPercent
Type: Property
altLabel: RFB; molar % of backbone fluorine atoms attached to graphite; backbone attachment ratio

A property denoting backbone attachment molar percent and determined in Ionomer Coating Simulation.

Band Gap Energy

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#BandGapEnergy
Type: Property
altLabel: Eg; energy bandgap; band gap

A property denoting optical band gap energy estimated from UV–Vis diffuse reflectance and Tauc plot.

Bandgap Energy

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#BandgapEnergy
Type: Property
altLabel: band gap; narrow bandgap; Eg

A property denoting bandgap energy and determined in Review Statement Extraction, Reported Material Property, and UV Visible Spectroscopy Measurement.

BET Surface Area Nitrogen

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#BETSurfaceAreaNitrogen
Type: Property
altLabel: BET surface area (N2); S_BET(N2); BET area

A property denoting bET surface area measured by N2 adsorption at 77 K.

BET Surface Area Octane Adsorption

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#BETSurfaceAreaOctaneAdsorption
Type: Property
altLabel: BET; BET surface area; specific surface area

A property denoting bET specific surface area of dry Pt/C powders measured using octane adsorption in dynamic vapour sorption (DVS). | Proposed because ontology has BETSurfaceAreaNitrogen/WaterVapor but not octane/DVS.

BET Surface Area Water Vapor

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#BETSurfaceAreaWaterVapor
Type: Property
altLabel: BET surface area (H2O); S_BET(H2O)

A property denoting bET-like surface area from water vapor adsorption; used for hydrophilicity metric.

Binder Mass Loss Fraction

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#BinderMassLossFraction
Type: Property
altLabel: binder loss

A property denoting binder mass loss fraction and determined in Thermogravimetric Analysis Measurement.

Binding Energy

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#BindingEnergy
Type: Property
altLabel: XPS peak binding energy; XPS binding energy

A property denoting binding energy position of XPS peaks (eV) used to evidence fluorocarbon species on Pt(111).

Biomimetic Vein Structure

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#BiomimeticVeinStructure
Type: Property
altLabel: leaf vein structure

A property denoting hierarchical pore architecture inspired by leaf veins.

Boiling Point

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#BoilingPoint
Type: Property
altLabel: Tb; boiling temperature; bp

A property denoting boiling point of solvent; proxy for volatility and drying behavior.

Bulk Density

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#BulkDensity
Type: Property
altLabel: ρ_b; ink density; Archimedes density

A property denoting bulk density computed from mass/volume of printed lattice body.

Bulk Sedimentation Time

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#BulkSedimentationTime
Type: Property
altLabel: BsT

A property denoting time to bulk sedimentation / phase separation in analytical centrifuge transmittograms; not present as named Property in ontology.

C 1 s Atomic Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#C1sAtomicPercent
Type: Property
altLabel: C atomic percent; carbon atomic percent

A property denoting atomic percent of carbon (from C 1s signal) measured by XPS.

C 1 s Peak Fraction C O

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#C1sPeakFraction_C_O
Type: Property
altLabel: C-O peak fraction

A property denoting fraction (%) of C1s peak assigned to C–O at 286.50 eV from XPS deconvolution.

C 1 s Peak Fraction CC CH

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#C1sPeakFraction_CC_CH
Type: Property
altLabel: C=C; C−H peak fraction

A property denoting fraction (%) of C1s peak assigned to C=C/C–C/C–H at 284.50 eV from XPS deconvolution.

C 1 s Peak Fraction Ceq O

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#C1sPeakFraction_CeqO
Type: Property
altLabel: C=O peak fraction

A property denoting fraction (%) of C1s peak assigned to C=O at 288.00 eV from XPS deconvolution.

C 1 s Peak Fraction O Ceq O

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#C1sPeakFraction_O_CeqO
Type: Property
altLabel: O=C−O peak fraction

A property denoting fraction (%) of C1s peak assigned to O=C–O at 289.00 eV from XPS deconvolution.

Capacitance

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Capacitance
Type: Property
altLabel: capacitance (µF); C; capacitance (total)

A property denoting total measured capacitance (non-normalized) of the electrode/electrolyte interface from EIS fit.

Capillary Pressure In Membrane

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CapillaryPressureInMembrane
Type: Property
altLabel: capillary pressure; acid pressure in membrane

A property denoting proposed_new_term. paper_context: Capillary pressure (mbar) built up in membrane inferred from operando crack saturation vs ex situ filling curves.

Carbon Agglomerate Core Radius

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CarbonAgglomerateCoreRadius
Type: Property
altLabel: core radius of carbon agglomerates; core radius

A property denoting carbon agglomerate core radius and determined in Contrast Variation SANSUSANS Measurement.

Carbon Aggregate Effective Density

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CarbonAggregateEffectiveDensity
Type: Property
altLabel: effective density; ρ_e

A property denoting carbon aggregate effective density.

Carbon Aggregate Ionomer Particle Radius Of Gyration

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CarbonAggregateIonomerParticleRadiusOfGyration
Type: Property
altLabel: Rg of carbon aggregate–ionomer particles; carbon aggregate–Nafion particle size

A property denoting radius of gyration (Rg) of carbon aggregate–ionomer core–shell particles in catalyst ink (without contrast-match).

Carbon Aggregate Radius Of Gyration

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CarbonAggregateRadiusOfGyration
Type: Property
altLabel: Rg of carbon aggregates in catalyst ink; radius of gyration of carbon aggregates; Rg of carbon aggregates

A property denoting radius of gyration (Rg) of carbon support aggregates in catalyst ink (Nafion contrast-matched), from Guinier–Porod fits.

Carbon Black Aggregate Anisotropy Ratio

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CarbonBlackAggregateAnisotropyRatio
Type: Property
altLabel: anisotropy ratio

A property denoting anisotropy ratio of CB aggregates (ratio of long to short axis length in circumscribing prolate spheroid), used for validation (range ~1–4).

Carbon Black Particle Size

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CarbonBlackParticleSize
Type: Property
altLabel: carbon black size; carbon support particle size; carbon particle diameter

A property denoting primary carbon black particle size supporting Pt nanoparticles (nm scale).

Carbon Fiber Diameter

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CarbonFiberDiameter
Type: Property
altLabel: fiber diameter; nanofiber diameter

A property denoting carbon fiber diameter and determined in Electron Microscopy Imaging.

Carbon Nanotube Complete Decomposition Temperature

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CarbonNanotubeCompleteDecompositionTemperature
Type: Property
altLabel: complete decomposition temperature

A property denoting temperature above which CNT material is fully decomposed/oxidized in TGA under ambient atmosphere (°C).

Carbon Nanotube Decomposition Onset Temperature

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CarbonNanotubeDecompositionOnsetTemperature
Type: Property
altLabel: decomposition onset

A property denoting temperature at which CO2 evolution / CNT decomposition is first observed in TG-MS under ambient atmosphere (°C).

Carbon Nanotube Forest Height

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CarbonNanotubeForestHeight
Type: Property
altLabel: forest height; CNT forest height

A property denoting carbon nanotube forest height and determined in Electron Microscopy Imaging and Scanning Electron Microscopy Imaging.

Carbon Nanotube Outer Diameter

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CarbonNanotubeOuterDiameter
Type: Property
altLabel: CNT diameter; outer nanotube diameter; VACNT diameter

A property denoting carbon nanotube outer diameter and determined in Electron Microscopy Imaging and Transmission Electron Microscopy Imaging.

Carbon Nanotube Wall Count

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CarbonNanotubeWallCount
Type: Property

A property denoting number of concentric graphene walls in a multiwalled carbon nanotube (TEM).

Carbon Nitrogen Defect Fraction Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CarbonNitrogenDefectFractionPercent
Type: Property
altLabel: C-N; carbon-nitrogen defects

A property denoting percent contribution of carbon-nitrogen defect component in C 1s XPS deconvolution.

Carbon Oxide Fraction Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CarbonOxideFractionPercent
Type: Property
altLabel: $Cx0y$; C_xO_y

A property denoting percent contribution of carbon oxide component in C 1s XPS deconvolution.

Carbon Primary Particle Diameter

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CarbonPrimaryParticleDiameter
Type: Property
altLabel: primary carbon nanoparticle diameter; carbon particle diameter

A property denoting diameter of primary carbon nanoparticles observed in HRTEM (reported ~25 nm).

Carbon Shell Thickness

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CarbonShellThickness
Type: Property
altLabel: carbon shell thickness (graphitic planes); graphitic shell thickness

A property denoting thickness of the graphitic shell of hollow primary carbon nanoparticles (reported ~3 nm).

Carbon To Oxygen Atom Ratio

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CarbonToOxygenAtomRatio
Type: Property
altLabel: C/O atom ratio; C/O; C/0 atom ratio

A property denoting carbon-to-oxygen atomic ratio reported from XPS.

Carbon Weight Percent In Catalyst

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CarbonWeightPercentInCatalyst
Type: Property

A property denoting carbon weight percent in catalyst.

Carbon Yield

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CarbonYield
Type: Property
altLabel: char yield

A property denoting carbon yield (mass retained after pyrolysis) attributed to lignin content; referenced qualitatively and via TGA/porosity discussion (not tabulated).

Catalyst Layer Morphology

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CatalystLayerMorphology
Type: Property
altLabel: cracked mudflat morphology; mud-crack morphology; surface morphology

A property denoting qualitative morphology of sprayed catalyst layer surface (e.g., cracked mudflat vs loose particle deposits) inferred from SEM.

Catalyst Layer Thickness

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CatalystLayerThickness_2
Type: Property
altLabel: CL thickness

A property denoting thickness of catalyst layer (typically in µm; ordered CLs can be <1 µm).

Catalyst Particle Diameter

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CatalystParticleDiameter
Type: Property
altLabel: diameter of catalyst particle

A property denoting catalyst particle diameter and determined in Scanning Electron Microscopy Imaging.

Catalyst Particle Surface Area

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CatalystParticleSurfaceArea
Type: Property
altLabel: Surface area [nm²]; accessible surface area; SIRT/DART

A property denoting 3D reconstructed accessible surface area of a Pt/Ru catalyst network from electron tomography.

Catalyst Particle Volume

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CatalystParticleVolume
Type: Property
altLabel: Volume [nm³]; reconstructed volume; SIRT/DART

A property denoting 3D reconstructed volume of a Pt/Ru catalyst network from electron tomography.

Catalyst Ruthenium Mass Fraction

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CatalystRutheniumMassFraction
Type: Property

A property denoting ruthenium mass fraction in PtRu black catalyst from EDX.

Catalyst Transfer Rate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CatalystTransferRate
Type: Property
altLabel: degree of catalyst transfer; decal transfer rate; transfer rate

A property denoting fraction/percent of catalyst layer transferred from substrate to membrane during decal transfer.

Cathode Capacitance

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CathodeCapacitance
Type: Property
altLabel: Cc

A property denoting description=Cathode capacitance (Cc) extracted from cathode potential slope during discharge (F).

Cathode Potential

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CathodePotential
Type: Property
altLabel: electrode potential; MFC-CICo; MFC-CIFe

A property denoting cathode electrode potential vs reference electrode at specified current density or open circuit.

Cathode Resistance

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CathodeResistance
Type: Property
altLabel: Rc

A property denoting description=Cathode resistance extracted from cathode ohmic drop during pulse (Ohm).

Cathodic Stripping Peak Current

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CathodicStrippingPeakCurrent
Type: Property

A property denoting cathodic stripping peak current and determined in Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry.

Cell Capacitance

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CellCapacitance
Type: Property
altLabel: Ccell; apparent capacitance

A property denoting description=Apparent cell capacitance (Ccell) extracted from voltage slope during discharge (F).

Cell Voltage

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CellVoltage
Type: Property
altLabel: cell potential; U; applied voltage

A property denoting fuel cell cell voltage (V) under galvanostatic operation.

Cell Voltage Increase Rate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CellVoltageIncreaseRate
Type: Property
altLabel: increase in iR-corrected cell voltage

A property denoting Rate of increase of (iR-corrected) cell voltage during long-term galvanostatic stability test (mV/h).

Cell Voltage Loss

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CellVoltageLoss
Type: Property
altLabel: mV loss; mV loss at current density; voltage loss

A property denoting cell voltage loss and determined in MEA Durability Measurement.

Cell Voltage Loss Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CellVoltageLossPercent
Type: Property
altLabel: voltage loss %

A property denoting percent loss in cell voltage over a defined durability interval at constant current.

Ceramic Yield

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CeramicYield
Type: Property

A property denoting mass fraction retained after pyrolysis (reported up to 70%).

Charge Storage Capacity

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ChargeStorageCapacity
Type: Property
altLabel: CSC

A property denoting integrated charge per area obtained from cyclic voltammograms; used as indicator of electrode charge storage and percolation onset.

Charge Transfer Plus Mass Transport Resistance

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ChargeTransferPlusMassTransportResistance
Type: Property
altLabel: large semicircle resistance; Rct+Rm

A property denoting paper reports fitted EIS component as combined (Rct + Rm) and does not separate components.

Charge Transfer Resistance

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ChargeTransferResistance
Type: Property
altLabel: R_ct; charge transfer resistivity; faradaic resistance

A property denoting charge transfer resistance and determined in Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Potentiostatic, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Galvanostatic, and Distribution Of Relaxation Times Analysis.

CNT Growth Yield Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CNTGrowthYieldPercent
Type: Property
altLabel: yield of obtained CNTs

A property denoting yield of CNT growth based on fraction of catalyst particles that produce CNTs (%).

Co 2 Co 3 Ratio

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Co2Co3Ratio
Type: Property
altLabel: Co2+/Co3+

A property denoting xPS-derived surface oxidation-state ratio for Co.

CO 2 Conversion

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CO2Conversion
Type: Property
altLabel: X_CO2; carbon dioxide conversion

A property denoting CO 2 conversion and determined in Dry Reforming Of Methane Performance Measurement.

Co 2 p Atomic Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Co2pAtomicPercent
Type: Property
altLabel: Co atomic wt.%

A property denoting atomic percent of cobalt (from Co 2p signal) measured by XPS.

Co To N Ratio

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CoToNRatio
Type: Property
altLabel: Co/N; Co/N ratio

A property denoting ratio of cobalt to nitrogen signal (Co/N) reported from XPS quantification.

Cobalt Weight Percent In Catalyst Layer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CobaltWeightPercentInCatalystLayer
Type: Property
altLabel: Co

A property denoting eDS-reported normalized cobalt concentration in Pt–Co catalyst layer (wt.%).

COD Removal Efficiency

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CODRemovalEfficiency
Type: Property
altLabel: MFC-CICo; MFC-CIFe; MFC-Pt

A property denoting wastewater treatment performance metric: percent COD removed between influent and effluent.

Coefficient Of Determination R 2

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CoefficientOfDeterminationR2
Type: Property
altLabel: R2; coefficient of determination

A property denoting prediction performance metric: coefficient of determination (R²).

Coffee Ring Effect

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CoffeeRingEffect
Type: Property
altLabel: coffee-ring strain

A property denoting non-uniform ring-like deposition pattern after droplet evaporation; suppressed by co-solvent and viscosity control.

Cold Start Survival Time

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ColdStartSurvivalTime
Type: Property
altLabel: survival time; start-up time

A property denoting duration until cold-start failure (voltage < 0.1 V) at sub-zero temperature.

Color Difference Delta Eab

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ColorDifferenceDeltaEab
Type: Property
altLabel: ΔEab*; ΔE; color difference

A property denoting color difference delta eab and determined in Xrite Optical Property Measurement.

Compressive Strength

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CompressiveStrength
Type: Property
altLabel: strength (MPa); strength at break

A property denoting maximum compressive strength of lattice under uniaxial compression.

Contact Angle

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ContactAngle
Type: Property
altLabel: water contact angle; initial contact angle; droplet contact angle

A property denoting static water contact angle on CCM surface; used as hydrophobicity indicator.

Contact Angle Decrease 0 to 200 s

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ContactAngleDecrease_0to200s
Type: Property

A property denoting contact angle decrease 0 to 200 s.

Coulombic Efficiency

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CoulombicEfficiency
Type: Property
altLabel: CE; Coulombic efficiency (average); MFC-CICo

A property denoting coulombic efficiency of full ORFB cell during galvanostatic cycling (discharge capacity / charge capacity).

Coverage Relaxation Rate Constant

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CoverageRelaxationRateConstant
Type: Property
altLabel: tau^-1; τ−1; inverse of coverage relaxation time

A property denoting inverse coverage relaxation time (τ−1 = R0/L), interpreted as first-order rate constant for oxidative desorption of intermediates.

CPE Admittance Y 0

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CPEAdmittanceY0
Type: Property
altLabel: Y0; Yo; CPE1

A property denoting CPE admittance Y 0 and determined in Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Potentiostatic and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Galvanostatic.

CPE Exponent N

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CPEExponentN
Type: Property
altLabel: CPE exponent; n (CPE exponent)

A property denoting CPE exponent N and determined in Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Potentiostatic and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Galvanostatic.

Crack Aspect Ratio

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CrackAspectRatio
Type: Property
altLabel: aspect ratio of cracks

A property denoting crack aspect ratio and determined in Crack Characterization Measurement.

Crack Connectivity

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CrackConnectivity
Type: Property
altLabel: fully penetrating cracks

A property denoting proposed_new_term. paper_context: Percentage of CL cracks that fully penetrate thickness (pathway connectivity).

Crack Density

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CrackDensity
Type: Property
altLabel: surface crack density; areal density of cracks; crack areal density

A property denoting crack density and determined in Crack Characterization Measurement.

Crack Length

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CrackLength
Type: Property

A property denoting characteristic crack length scale observed in SEM images.

Crack Volume Accessibility At 20 um

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CrackVolumeAccessibilityAt20um
Type: Property

A property denoting proposed_new_term. paper_context: Fraction (%) of crack volume accessible from membrane/CL interface to a 20 µm sphere (simulated MIP).

Crack Width

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CrackWidth
Type: Property

A property denoting characteristic crack width scale observed in SEM images.

Crack Width D 50 CWD

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CrackWidthD50_CWD
Type: Property
altLabel: d50(CWD); median crack width; mean crack width (Table 1)

A property denoting proposed_new_term. paper_context: Median crack width from crack width distribution (CWD) analysis.

Crack Width D 50 MIP

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CrackWidthD50_MIP
Type: Property
altLabel: d50(MIP); median accessible crack width

A property denoting proposed_new_term. paper_context: Median crack size from simulated mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP).

Crack Width Max

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CrackWidthMax
Type: Property
altLabel: cracks width up to; maximum crack width

A property denoting proposed_new_term. paper_context: Maximum observed crack width in CL (from XTM slice analysis).

Crawler Speed

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CrawlerSpeed
Type: Property
altLabel: mm/min; crawl speed

A property denoting speed of LCE-based crawler during thermal cycling.

Critical Crack Thickness

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CriticalCrackThickness
Type: Property
altLabel: CCT

A property denoting largest dried film thickness at which primary cracks (PCs) do not occur during drying.

Crush Strength

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CrushStrength
Type: Property
altLabel: radial crush strength

A property denoting crush strength and determined in Crush Strength Measurement.

Current Density

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CurrentDensity
Type: Property
altLabel: current flux density; j0; cell current density

A property denoting current density normalized to Geometric Area and determined in MEAPolarization, Rotating Ring Disk Voltammetry, and Cyclic Voltammetry.

Current Density Decay Rate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CurrentDensityDecayRate
Type: Property
altLabel: decay rate; degradation rate; current decay rate

A property denoting rate of current density loss during constant-voltage durability test.

Current Density Loss Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CurrentDensityLossPercent
Type: Property
altLabel: current loss %

A property denoting percent loss from Tafel-step analysis attributed to connectivity/specific adsorption effects.

Current Density Per Pt Surface Area

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CurrentDensityPerPtSurfaceArea
Type: Property
altLabel: current density per catalytic surface; A·m_Pt^-2

A property denoting current density normalized by Pt catalytic surface area (simulation output, A m_Pt^-2).

Current Efficiency

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CurrentEfficiency
Type: Property
altLabel: cd/A; maximum current efficiency 0.85 cd/A

A property denoting lED current efficiency metric reported for QD-based color conversion device.

Current Retention Percent After Chronoamperometry

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CurrentRetentionPercentAfterChronoamperometry
Type: Property
altLabel: current retention

A property denoting percent of initial ORR current retained after constant-potential chronoamperometry durability test.

Deflection Percent Of Filament Diameter

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DeflectionPercentOfFilamentDiameter
Type: Property
altLabel: % of the filament diameter; deflection percent; % filament diameter

A property denoting deflection expressed as percent of filament diameter.

Delta S

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DeltaS
Type: Property
altLabel: ΔS; ΔS (B*); ΔS (A*)

A property denoting delta S and determined in Xrite Optical Property Measurement.

Detection Limit

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DetectionLimit
Type: Property
altLabel: lowest detectable concentration

A property denoting detection limit.

Dielectric Constant

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DielectricConstant
Type: Property
altLabel: solvent dielectric constant; electric constant

A property denoting solvent dielectric constant (relative permittivity), affects ionomer solvation and dispersion.

Diffraction Peak Position 2 Theta

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DiffractionPeakPosition2Theta
Type: Property
altLabel: diffraction peak position; diffraction peak at 2θ; (002) peak position

A property denoting xRD peak position (2θ) values used to identify phases (e.g., 22.1°, 35.76°, 60.16°, 71.95°).

Dimensional Expansion Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DimensionalExpansionPercent
Type: Property

A property denoting percent change in linear dimension after processing (e.g., Teflon substrate elongation).

Discharge Time

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DischargeTime
Type: Property
altLabel: t_discharge

A property denoting description=Full discharge time during galvanostatic discharge to 0 V.

Double Bond Conversion Rate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DoubleBondConversionRate
Type: Property
altLabel: C=C conversion rate; double-bond conversion

A property denoting conversion of carbon–carbon double bonds during UV curing, derived from FTIR peak area decrease at 1638 cm−1.

Double Layer Capacitance

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DoubleLayerCapacitance
Type: Property
altLabel: Cdl; Ca; Cpd1

A property denoting double layer capacitance normalized to Geometric Area and determined in Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Potentiostatic, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Galvanostatic, and Cyclic Voltammetry.

Double Layer Capacitance Ratio

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DoubleLayerCapacitanceRatio
Type: Property

A property denoting double layer capacitance ratio and determined in Cyclic Voltammetry.

Double Layer Capacitive Current Density

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DoubleLayerCapacitiveCurrentDensity
Type: Property
altLabel: i_dl

A property denoting capacitive (double-layer) current density at 0.4 V used to compute double-layer capacitance.

Droplet Penetration Time

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DropletPenetrationTime
Type: Property
altLabel: sessile drop penetrates into membrane

A property denoting droplet penetration time.

Durability With Cycling Hours

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DurabilityWithCyclingHours
Type: Property
altLabel: Durability with cycling; durability w/ cycling

A property denoting durability with cycling hours and determined in MEA Durability Measurement.

Durability Without Cycling Hours

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DurabilityWithoutCyclingHours
Type: Property
altLabel: Durability without cycling; durability w/o cycling

A property denoting durability without cycling hours and determined in MEA Durability Measurement.

ECSA Loss Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ECSALossPercent
Type: Property
altLabel: ECSA loss (%)

A property denoting percent loss of ECSA after cycling/conditioning relative to initial.

Effective Ionic Conductivity

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#EffectiveIonicConductivity
Type: Property
altLabel: proton conductivity (effective); effective proton conductivity; proton conductivity

A property denoting effective ionic conductivity and determined in Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Potentiostatic, Proton Conductivity Measurement, and Literature Review Synthesis.

Effective Oxygen Diffusion Coefficient

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#EffectiveOxygenDiffusionCoefficient
Type: Property
altLabel: oxygen diffusivity; Db; Dox

A property denoting effective oxygen diffusion coefficient and determined in Through-Plane Gas Transport Measurement, X Ray Computed Tomography Imaging, and Distribution Of Relaxation Times Analysis.

Efficiency Retention Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#EfficiencyRetentionPercent
Type: Property

A property denoting percent of initial efficiency retained after aging/operation.

Electrical Resistivity

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ElectricalResistivity
Type: Property
altLabel: resistivity (Ω·m)

A property denoting electrical resistivity and determined in Four Probe Resistance Measurement and Electrical Resistivity Measurement.

Electrocatalyst Support Stability Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ElectrocatalystSupportStabilityPercent
Type: Property
altLabel: Electrocataystsupport stablity; electrocatalyst support stability

A property denoting electrocatalyst support stability percent and determined in Review Statement Extraction.

Electrochemically Active Surface Area

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ElectrochemicallyActiveSurfaceArea
Type: Property
altLabel: ECSA; accessible electrochemically surface area; Pt surface area

A property denoting electrochemically active surface area normalized to Catalyst Mass and Pt Mass and determined in Cyclic Voltammetry, ECSABy Double Layer Capacitance, and Carbon Monoxide Stripping Voltammetry.

Electrode Side Length

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ElectrodeSideLength
Type: Property

A property denoting linear dimension of square/rectangular electrode or MEA (cm).

Electron Transfer Number

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ElectronTransferNumber
Type: Property
altLabel: number of electrons; electrons transferred; n electrons transferred

A property denoting electron transfer number and determined in Rotating Ring Disk Voltammetry and Linear Sweep Voltammetry.

Electronic Conductivity Anisotropy Ratio

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ElectronicConductivityAnisotropyRatio
Type: Property
altLabel: IP/TP ratio; anisotropy ratio

A property denoting electronic conductivity anisotropy ratio.

Electronic Conductivity Loss Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ElectronicConductivityLossPercent
Type: Property
altLabel: conductivity loss; loss in in-plane conductivity

A property denoting electronic conductivity loss percent and determined in Ex Situ Hydration Test.

Elongation At Break

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ElongationAtBreak
Type: Property
altLabel: strain at break

A property denoting elongation at break of membrane (undoped/doped).

Energy Efficiency

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#EnergyEfficiency
Type: Property
altLabel: EE; energy efficiency (average)

A property denoting energy efficiency of full ORFB cell during galvanostatic cycling (discharge energy / charge energy).

Equivalent Ionomer Film Thickness

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#EquivalentIonomerFilmThickness
Type: Property
altLabel: equivalent Nafion film thickness; interfacial resistance equivalent thickness

A property denoting equivalent ionomer film thickness.

External Quantum Efficiency

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ExternalQuantumEfficiency
Type: Property

A property denoting external quantum efficiency and determined in Review Statement Extraction and External Quantum Efficiency Measurement.

F 1 s Atomic Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#F1sAtomicPercent
Type: Property

A property denoting atomic percent of fluorine (from F 1s signal) measured by XPS.

FAME Content

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FAMEContent
Type: Property
altLabel: ester content; biodiesel content; FAME

A property denoting fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) content in biodiesel phase after reaction.

Fe N 4 Site Density

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FeN4SiteDensity
Type: Property
altLabel: active site density; site density (SD)

A property denoting estimated density of Fe–N4 sites from N 1s XPS fitting (assumption: 399.5 eV component originates from Fe–N4).

Ferritin Cavity Diameter

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FerritinCavityDiameter
Type: Property
altLabel: cavity diameter

A property denoting ferritin cavity diameter.

Ferritin Iron Ion Capacity

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FerritinIronIonCapacity
Type: Property
altLabel: up to 4500 iron ions; iron ions per ferritin

A property denoting maximum number of iron ions stored in ferritin cavity (count).

Fiber Orientation Angle Std Dev

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FiberOrientationAngleStdDev
Type: Property
altLabel: fiber angle standard deviation; fiber angle std dev

A property denoting standard deviation (degrees) of fiber orientation angle distribution measured from XCT images.

Filament Deflection

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FilamentDeflection
Type: Property
altLabel: midspan deflection

A property denoting estimated midspan deflection of printed filament/strut span (µm).

Fill Factor

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FillFactor
Type: Property
altLabel: FF

A property denoting fill factor of photovoltaic device (dimensionless or %).

Film Thickness

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FilmThickness
Type: Property
altLabel: pattern thickness; flake thickness; bi-layer thickness

A property denoting film thickness and determined in Atomic Force Microscopy Measurement, SEM Imaging, and Film Thickness Measurement.

Fitted Resistance From Polarization Curve

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FittedResistanceFromPolarizationCurve
Type: Property

A property denoting resistance parameter R obtained from semi-empirical fit of polarization curve (includes bulk, contact, and mass-transport contributions in fit region).

Flexural Strength

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FlexuralStrength
Type: Property
altLabel: fracture strength

A property denoting flexural strength of pyrolyzed bars measured in three-point bending (MPa).

Fluorine Weight Percent In Catalyst Layer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FluorineWeightPercentInCatalystLayer
Type: Property
altLabel: F

A property denoting eDS-reported normalized fluorine concentration in catalyst layer (wt.%); F attributed to PFSA/Nafion.

Freeze Thaw Cycle Count

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FreezeThawCycleCount
Type: Property
altLabel: freeze-thaw cycles

A property denoting number of repeated freeze–thaw cycles applied during subzero durability test.

Furfural Conversion

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FurfuralConversion
Type: Property

A property denoting furfural conversion and determined in Furfural Hydrogenation Reaction Measurement.

Furfuryl Alcohol Selectivity

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FurfurylAlcoholSelectivity
Type: Property
altLabel: selectivity to furfuryl alcohol

A property denoting selectivity to furfuryl alcohol among products (percent).

Gloss

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Gloss
Type: Property
altLabel: GU

A property denoting gloss and determined in Gloss Measurement.

Grain Size

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#GrainSize
Type: Property
altLabel: crystallite size; La; Lc

A property denoting characteristic grain/crystallite size estimated from XRD using Scherrer formula (reported ~5 nm for β-SiC at 1600°C).

Graphene Few Layer Fraction

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#GrapheneFewLayerFraction
Type: Property
altLabel: few-layer fraction (2–10 layers); few-layer fraction

A property denoting fraction of analyzed flakes that are few-layer graphene.

Graphene Flake Lateral Size

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#GrapheneFlakeLateralSize
Type: Property
altLabel: lateral size (µm); flake size; lateral size

A property denoting lateral size of graphene flakes (reported range 0.5–15 µm for sawdust-derived graphene).

Graphene Flake Thickness

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#GrapheneFlakeThickness
Type: Property
altLabel: monolayer thickness

A property denoting thickness of individual graphene flakes from AFM (typically ~1 nm for monolayer).

Graphene Flake Yield

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#GrapheneFlakeYield
Type: Property
altLabel: yield (wt%)

A property denoting mass yield of biomass-derived graphene flakes from biomass precursor.

Graphene Layer Step Height

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#GrapheneLayerStepHeight
Type: Property
altLabel: step height

A property denoting aFM step height per graphene layer (approx. 0.37 nm).

Graphene Monolayer Fraction

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#GrapheneMonolayerFraction
Type: Property
altLabel: monolayer fraction

A property denoting fraction of analyzed flakes that are monolayer graphene.

Graphitic Carbon Fraction Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#GraphiticCarbonFractionPercent
Type: Property
altLabel: Cgr

A property denoting percent contribution of graphitic/aliphatic carbon component in C 1s XPS deconvolution.

Graphitic Crystallite Size La

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#GraphiticCrystalliteSizeLa
Type: Property
altLabel: La; crystallite size La; in-plane crystallite size

A property denoting graphitic crystallite size la and determined in Raman Spectroscopy Measurement.

Graphitic Crystallite Stacking Size Lc

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#GraphiticCrystalliteStackingSizeLc
Type: Property
altLabel: Lc; crystallite stacking size

A property denoting graphitic crystallite stacking size lc and determined in X Ray Diffraction Measurement.

Graphitic Nitrogen Fraction Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#GraphiticNitrogenFractionPercent
Type: Property
altLabel: Ngr; graphitic N

A property denoting percent of N 1s assigned to graphitic nitrogen (XPS deconvolution).

Graphitic Plane Orientation Order Parameter

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#GraphiticPlaneOrientationOrderParameter
Type: Property
altLabel: order parameter

A property denoting graphitic plane orientation order parameter and determined in X Ray Diffraction Measurement.

Graphitic Planes Per Crystallite

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#GraphiticPlanesPerCrystallite
Type: Property
altLabel: Lc/d(002); planes per crystallite

A property denoting graphitic planes per crystallite and determined in X Ray Diffraction Measurement.

Gravimetric Specific Capacitance

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#GravimetricSpecificCapacitance
Type: Property
altLabel: specific capacitance; capacitance (F g^-1); specific capacitance (F g−1)

A property denoting gravimetric specific capacitance (F/g) measured for OP-AC in 0.1 M H2SO4 from CV curves; distinct from area-specific double-layer capacitance.

Guinier Porod Dimension Variable

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#GuinierPorodDimensionVariable
Type: Property
altLabel: dimension variable (Guinier–Porod); dimension variable

A property denoting dimension/shape variable from Guinier–Porod model fitting indicating aggregate dimensionality (globular vs rodlike); reported ~0.01.

H 2 Desorption Peak Integral Current Density

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#H2DesorptionPeakIntegralCurrentDensity
Type: Property
altLabel: H2 desorption peak area; H2 desorption peak integral

A property denoting authors report anode 'ECSA' in units of mA·V·cm^-2 from H2 desorption peak integration; likely proportional to charge density (needs curation).

Half Wave Potential

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HalfWavePotential
Type: Property
altLabel: E1/2

A property denoting potential at which current reaches half of limiting value in ORR LSV (RDE).

Half Wave Potential Shift After ADT

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HalfWavePotentialShiftAfterADT
Type: Property
altLabel: negative shift in half-wave potentials; E1/2 shift after 3000 cycles; half-wave potential shift

A property denoting change in HalfWavePotential after accelerated durability test (ADT) potential cycling; reported here as mV shift.

Half Wave Potential Shift Relative To Nafion

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HalfWavePotentialShiftRelativeToNafion
Type: Property
altLabel: positive shift of half-wave potential; E1/2 shift vs Nafion; half-wave potential shift

A property denoting half wave potential shift relative to nafion and determined in Accelerated Stress Test Voltage Cycling.

Hall Mobility

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HallMobility
Type: Property

A property denoting carrier Hall mobility measured by Hall system on graphene film/pellet.

Hamaker Constant

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HamakerConstant
Type: Property
altLabel: Hamaker coefficient; Hamaker coefficient A

A property denoting hamaker constant used for van der Waals interaction energy in DLVO-type model.

Hansen Solubility Parameter Dispersion

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HansenSolubilityParameterDispersion
Type: Property
altLabel: δD

A property denoting hansen solubility parameter (dispersion component) in MPa^0.5.

Hansen Solubility Parameter Hydrogen Bonding

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HansenSolubilityParameterHydrogenBonding
Type: Property

A property denoting hansen solubility parameter (hydrogen-bonding component) in MPa^0.5.

Hansen Solubility Parameter Polar

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HansenSolubilityParameterPolar
Type: Property

A property denoting hansen solubility parameter (polar component) in MPa^0.5.

High Frequency Resistance

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HighFrequencyResistance
Type: Property
altLabel: HFR; ohmic resistance; single cell resistance

A property denoting ohmic/HFR concept in RQ (discussed conceptually).

Homogenization Temperature

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HomogenizationTemperature_2
Type: Property
altLabel: homogenization achieved

A property denoting homogenization temperature.

Hydration Number Lambda

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HydrationNumberLambda
Type: Property
altLabel: hydration number Î»

A property denoting hydration number lambda and determined in Membrane Swelling Measurement.

Hydrodynamic Diameter

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HydrodynamicDiameter
Type: Property
altLabel: hydrodynamic diameter (DLS); D_h; average aggregate diameter

A property denoting the hydrodynamic diameter of dispersed particles or aggregates as determined by dynamic light scattering.

Hydrodynamic Radius

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HydrodynamicRadius
Type: Property
altLabel: hydrodynamic radius (DLS); R_h; hydrodynamic radius distribution

A property denoting hydrodynamic radius of ionomer/catalyst aggregates measured by dynamic light scattering.

Hydrogen Bonding Energy

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HydrogenBondingEnergy
Type: Property
altLabel: EH-bonding; H-bonding energy

A property denoting computed hydrogen-bonding energy between polymer and phosphoric acid (DFT).

Hydrogen Crossover Current Density

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HydrogenCrossoverCurrentDensity
Type: Property
altLabel: hydrogen crossover limiting current; crossover current density; H2 crossover current density

A property denoting limiting current density measured by LSV under H2/N2 to quantify hydrogen crossover flux.

Hydrogen Permeability

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HydrogenPermeability
Type: Property
altLabel: H2 permeability; H₂ permeability

A property denoting gas permeability of polymer film to H2 (Barrer).

Hydrogen Uptake Per Furfural

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HydrogenUptakePerFurfural
Type: Property
altLabel: absorbed hydrogen (mol H2/mol furfural); mol H2/mol furfural

A property denoting stoichiometric H2 consumed per mol furfural during reaction (from flow-meter normalization).

Hydrolysis Rate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HydrolysisRate
Type: Property

A property denoting hydrolysis rate through membrane during conversion of sulfonyl fluoride to sulfonic acid groups.

Impedance Modulus Slope K

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ImpedanceModulusSlopeK
Type: Property
altLabel: K; Z

A property denoting impedance modulus slope K and determined in Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Potentiostatic.

In Plane Electronic Conductivity

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#InPlaneElectronicConductivity
Type: Property
altLabel: σ_cl; electrical conductivity; Catalyst support Electornic conductivity

A property denoting in plane electronic conductivity and determined in Four Probe Resistance Measurement, Review Statement Extraction, and In Plane Electronic Conductivity Measurement.

Incident Photon To Current Efficiency

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IncidentPhotonToCurrentEfficiency
Type: Property
altLabel: IPCE

A property denoting incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (spectral quantum efficiency) of DSSC.

Inductance L

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#InductanceL
Type: Property

A property denoting inductance L and determined in Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Potentiostatic.

Initial Catalytic Activity Loss Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#InitialCatalyticActivityLossPercent
Type: Property
altLabel: Loss in initialcataytio activity; loss in initial catalytic activity

A property denoting initial catalytic activity loss percent and determined in Review Statement Extraction.

Ink Stability Time

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#InkStabilityTime
Type: Property
altLabel: stability time; settling time; phase separation time

A property denoting time until visible phase separation/settling (experimental) or until threshold aggregate size (model).

Ink Storage Stability Duration

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#InkStorageStabilityDuration
Type: Property
altLabel: ink stability; storage stability; ink stability duration

A property denoting ink storage stability duration and determined in Review Statement Extraction.

Inter Agglomerate Pore Size

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#InterAgglomeratePoreSize
Type: Property
altLabel: secondary pore size; pore size; average pore size

A property denoting inter agglomerate pore size and determined in Literature Microstructure Compilation, X Ray Computed Tomography Imaging, and Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry Measurement.

Inter Crystallite Distance

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#InterCrystalliteDistance
Type: Property
altLabel: ID; inter-particle distance

A property denoting inter crystallite distance and determined in Reported Material Property.

Interdiffusion Onset Temperature

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#InterdiffusionOnsetTemperature
Type: Property

A property denoting temperature at which interdiffusion between metallic phases is first observed (e.g., Fe-Ni interdiffusion forming fcc-(Fe,Ni)).

Interfacial Resistance

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#InterfacialResistance
Type: Property
altLabel: R_interfacial; dissolution resistance; gas–ionomer interface resistance

A property denoting interfacial resistance.

Interlayer Spacing

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#InterlayerSpacing
Type: Property
altLabel: d-spacing; d(002); d003

A property denoting crystallographic interlayer spacing measured from HR-TEM lattice fringes.

Intermediate Relaxation Resistance R 0

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IntermediateRelaxationResistanceR0
Type: Property
altLabel: R0

A property denoting intermediate relaxation resistance R 0 and determined in Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Potentiostatic.

Internal Current Density

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#InternalCurrentDensity
Type: Property
altLabel: i_n

A property denoting internal current density term in Eq. (1) polarization curve model.

Interplanar Lattice Spacing

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#InterplanarLatticeSpacing
Type: Property
altLabel: interplanar spacing; lattice spacing

A property denoting interplanar lattice spacing measured from HRTEM (e.g., ~0.2 nm for Pd (200) planes).

Interplanar Spacing

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#InterplanarSpacing
Type: Property
altLabel: d-spacing

A property denoting interplanar spacing (e.g., d(002)) measured from HRTEM or XRD.

Iodine Value

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IodineValue
Type: Property

A property denoting iodine value and determined in Iodine Value Measurement.

Ionic Resistance

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IonicResistance
Type: Property
altLabel: Ri; ionic resistance of catalyst layer; Re

A property denoting catalyst-layer ionic resistance derived from high-frequency impedance analysis at low current density.

Ionomer Adsorption Capacity Per Mass

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IonomerAdsorptionCapacityPerMass
Type: Property
altLabel: Γmax; maximum adsorption capacity (mg/mg)

A property denoting maximum first-layer Nafion adsorption per substrate mass from Langmuir fit.

Ionomer Adsorption Capacity Per Surface Area

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IonomerAdsorptionCapacityPerSurfaceArea
Type: Property
altLabel: Γ'max; maximum adsorption per unit surface area (mg/m²)

A property denoting maximum first-layer Nafion adsorption normalized by BET surface area.

Ionomer Adsorption Rate On Pt Carbon

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IonomerAdsorptionRateOnPtCarbon
Type: Property
altLabel: adsorption rate of ionomer on Pt/carbon

A property denoting ionomer adsorption rate on pt carbon and determined in Ionomer Adsorption Rate Measurement.

Ionomer Adsorption Ratio

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IonomerAdsorptionRatio
Type: Property
altLabel: adsorption ratio; I (ionomer adsorption ratio); ionomer adsorption

A property denoting dimensionless ratio of ionomers adsorbed on Pt/C: Γ = (Cp0 - Cp)/Cp0 (Eq. 2).

Ionomer Aggregate Diameter

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IonomerAggregateDiameter
Type: Property
altLabel: aggregate diameter; ionomer aggregate size; cylindrical ionomer diameter

A property denoting ionomer aggregate diameter and determined in Molecular Dynamics Simulation.

Ionomer Aggregate Size Ratio

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IonomerAggregateSizeRatio
Type: Property
altLabel: aggregate size ratio

A property denoting dimensionless ratio comparing ionomer aggregate sizes between two solvent conditions (e.g., water vs dipropylene glycol).

Ionomer Connected Electrochemically Active Surface Area

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IonomerConnectedElectrochemicallyActiveSurfaceArea
Type: Property
altLabel: ECSA_ionomer; ionomer connected ECSA; Pt surface in contact with ionomer

A property denoting ionomer connected electrochemically active surface area and determined in Carbon Monoxide Stripping Voltammetry.

Ionomer Coverage On Carbon

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IonomerCoverageOnCarbon
Type: Property
altLabel: ionomer coverage on C

A property denoting fraction/percent of carbon surface covered by ionomer inferred from EIS double-layer capacitance with CO blocking.

Ionomer Coverage On Platinum

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IonomerCoverageOnPlatinum
Type: Property
altLabel: ionomer coverage on Pt

A property denoting fraction/percent of Pt surface covered by ionomer inferred from EIS double-layer capacitance with CO blocking.

Ionomer Film Oxygen Transport Resistivity

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IonomerFilmOxygenTransportResistivity
Type: Property
altLabel: oxygen transport resistivity; R_N; ionomer film O2 transport resistivity

A property denoting ionomer film O2 transport resistivity (units s cm^-1) defined in Nomenclature and computed via single-pore model (Eq. for \mathcal{R}_N).

Ionomer Film Thickness

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IonomerFilmThickness
Type: Property
altLabel: ionomer layer thickness; lN; Nafion film thickness

A property denoting thickness of ionomer film covering catalyst particles or supports (nm scale).

Ionomer Inter Particle Distance

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IonomerInterParticleDistance
Type: Property
altLabel: Nafion ionomer inter-NP distance; interparticle distance (d); inter-NP distance

A property denoting mean interparticle distance between PFSA ionomer nanoparticles estimated from the SANS correlation peak (d=2π/q).

Ionomer Mass Fractal Radius Of Gyration

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IonomerMassFractalRadiusOfGyration
Type: Property
altLabel: Rg of ionomer mass fractal; Rg of Nafon ionomer mass fractal in

A property denoting radius of gyration (Rg) of the ionomer mass-fractal structure forming the shell/percolating through carbon aggregates (carbon contrast-match).

Ionomer Nanoparticle Height

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IonomerNanoparticleHeight
Type: Property
altLabel: cylindrical particle height

A property denoting ionomer nanoparticle height and determined in Contrast Variation SANSUSANS Measurement.

Ionomer Nanoparticle Radius

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IonomerNanoparticleRadius
Type: Property
altLabel: radius of Nafion ionomer NPs; cylinder radius; radius of Nafion ionomer NPs (nm)

A property denoting radius of rodlike (cylindrical) PFSA ionomer nanoparticles estimated from SANS cylinder model fits.

Ionomer Oxygen Transport Resistance Component

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IonomerOxygenTransportResistanceComponent
Type: Property
altLabel: R_ionomer; ionomer film oxygen transport component; film transport component

A property denoting ionomer-related contribution to pressure-independent transport resistance.

Ionomer Patch Surface Coverage

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IonomerPatchSurfaceCoverage
Type: Property
altLabel: ionomer patch coverage; fractional ionomer coverage; ionomer coverage

A property denoting fraction of catalyst-layer surface covered by ionomer patches (estimated from SEM images).

Ionomer Thin Film Permeability

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IonomerThinFilmPermeability
Type: Property
altLabel: Π_ionomer; gas permeability of ionomer film

A property denoting ionomer thin film permeability.

IRSO 3 Stretching Peak Wavenumber

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IRSO3StretchingPeakWavenumber
Type: Property

A property denoting fTIR wavenumber position of Nafion sulfonate (-SO3-) asymmetric stretching peak.

Kinetic Current

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#KineticCurrent
Type: Property
altLabel: kinetic current density; j_k; i_k

A property denoting kinetic current normalized to Geometric Area and determined in Rotating Ring Disk Voltammetry and Linear Sweep Voltammetry.

Knudsen Diffusivity

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#KnudsenDiffusivity
Type: Property
altLabel: Dik

A property denoting Knudsen diffusion coefficient of O2 in pores used in Bosanquet equation (cm2/s).

Knudsen Oxygen Transport Resistance Component

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#KnudsenOxygenTransportResistanceComponent
Type: Property
altLabel: R_Knudsen; void pore oxygen transport resistance; Knudsen resistance

A property denoting knudsen diffusion-related contribution to pressure-independent transport resistance.

Langmuir Adsorption Constant

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#LangmuirAdsorptionConstant
Type: Property
altLabel: KL; Langmuir constant; equilibrium adsorption constant

A property denoting first-layer Langmuir adsorption equilibrium constant from adsorption isotherm fits; unit not explicitly stated in paper.

Large Pore Fraction Above 150 nm

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#LargePoreFractionAbove150nm
Type: Property

A property denoting large pore fraction above 150 nm and determined in FIBSEM Tomography Measurement.

Lateral Electronic Resistance

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#LateralElectronicResistance
Type: Property
altLabel: electronic resistance; four-probe resistance; lateral resistance

A property denoting in-plane/lateral electronic resistance of dry catalyst layer measured by four-probe I–V method (Ohm).

Lattice Distortion Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#LatticeDistortionPercent
Type: Property
altLabel: lattice distortion; lattice parameter distortion

A property denoting lattice distortion percent.

Lattice Parameter

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#LatticeParameter
Type: Property
altLabel: lattice constant a; fcc lattice parameter; lattice parameter a

A property denoting fCC lattice parameter determined from XRD peak positions.

Lattice Structure Size

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#LatticeStructureSize
Type: Property
altLabel: structure size; grid size

A property denoting macroscopic dimensions of printed/sintered grid structures (e.g., 15×15 mm before; 11.54×11.62 mm after).

Ligand Density Weight Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#LigandDensityWeightPercent
Type: Property
altLabel: total ligand density; ligand density (wt%); total ligand density of MSA capped QD

A property denoting ligand mass fraction on QDs inferred from TGA weight loss.

Limit Of Linearity Strain

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#LimitOfLinearityStrain
Type: Property
altLabel: γ0; limit strain of linearity; limit of linearity

A property denoting strain amplitude where G′ deviates by >10% from plateau value (linear viscoelastic limit).

Limiting Current Density

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#LimitingCurrentDensity
Type: Property
altLabel: limiting current; i_L; i_lim

A property denoting limiting current density normalized to Geometric Area and determined in Oxygen Gain/Loss Measurement, Rotating Ring Disk Voltammetry, and Linear Sweep Voltammetry.

Limiting Current Density Loss Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#LimitingCurrentDensityLossPercent
Type: Property
altLabel: limiting current density decrease (%)

A property denoting relative decrease (%) in limiting current density compared with ideal interface contact (e.g., due to MPL/CL interfacial voids).

Limiting Current Density Loss Percent After ADT

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#LimitingCurrentDensityLossPercentAfterADT
Type: Property
altLabel: loss in diffusion limiting current density; limiting current density loss

A property denoting percent loss in LimitingCurrentDensity after ADT potential cycling.

Linear Shrinkage

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#LinearShrinkage
Type: Property

A property denoting linear shrinkage and determined in X Ray Computed Tomography Measurement.

Linear Shrinkage Height

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#LinearShrinkageHeight
Type: Property
altLabel: shrinkage in height direction

A property denoting linear shrinkage (%) in specimen height from as-cured to pyrolyzed.

Linear Shrinkage Length

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#LinearShrinkageLength
Type: Property
altLabel: shrinkage in length direction

A property denoting linear shrinkage (%) in specimen length from as-cured to pyrolyzed.

Linear Shrinkage Width

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#LinearShrinkageWidth
Type: Property
altLabel: shrinkage in width direction

A property denoting linear shrinkage (%) in specimen width from as-cured to pyrolyzed.

Linoleic Acid Mass Fraction

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#LinoleicAcidMassFraction
Type: Property
altLabel: Linoleic fatty acid%

A property denoting linoleic acid mass fraction and determined in Gas Chromatography Measurement.

Linolenic Acid Mass Fraction

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#LinolenicAcidMassFraction
Type: Property
altLabel: Linolenic fatty acid%

A property denoting linolenic acid mass fraction and determined in Gas Chromatography Measurement.

Local Gas Transport Resistance

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#LocalGasTransportResistance
Type: Property
altLabel: R_Local; local transport resistance; local mass transport resistance

A property denoting local gas transport resistance normalized to Geometric Area and determined in Oxygen Gain/Loss Measurement and Limiting Current Measurement.

Local Oxygen Transport Resistance

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#LocalOxygenTransportResistance
Type: Property
altLabel: local O2 diffusion resistance at Pt sites; pressure-independent O2 resistance; local O2 diffusion resistance

A property denoting local oxygen transport resistance normalized to Geometric Area and determined in Oxygen Gain/Loss Measurement, O2–N2 Switching Measurement, and Through-Plane Gas Transport Measurement.

Loss Modulus

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#LossModulus
Type: Property
altLabel: G''; viscous modulus; loss modulus G″

A property denoting loss modulus (G″) characterizing ink viscous dissipation under oscillatory shear.

Low Activity Pt Particle Fraction

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#LowActivityPtParticleFraction
Type: Property
altLabel: fraction of Pt particles with low activity; fraction of Pt particles (low activity)

A property denoting fraction of Pt particles in a specified low current-density interval (paper reports 41% in 200–800 A·m_Pt^-2 for structure 2).

Macropore Diameter

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MacroporeDiameter
Type: Property
altLabel: macropores; macropore size

A property denoting macropore diameter and determined in Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry Measurement.

Macropore Volume Per Mass

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MacroporeVolumePerMass
Type: Property
altLabel: macropore volume

A property denoting macropore volume of carbon xerogel normalized by mass (cm³ g⁻¹).

Manufacturing Throughput Increase Factor

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ManufacturingThroughputIncreaseFactor
Type: Property
altLabel: throughput increase factor; throughput increase

A property denoting relative throughput factor (e.g., roll-to-roll vs lab spray); not present as named Property in ontology.

Mass Activity

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MassActivity
Type: Property
altLabel: i_m; ORR mass activity; A/mg_PGM

A property denoting mass activity and determined in MEAPolarization, Rotating Ring Disk Voltammetry, and Linear Sweep Voltammetry.

Mass Activity Loss Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MassActivityLossPercent
Type: Property
altLabel: Mass activity loss

A property denoting percent loss of mass activity (durability metric).

Mass Fractal Dimension

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MassFractalDimension
Type: Property
altLabel: d_f; fractal dimension; catalyst ink (nm) fractal dimension

A property denoting mass fractal dimension from low-q USAXS power-law scaling; higher indicates greater agglomeration.

Mass Loss Fraction

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MassLossFraction
Type: Property
altLabel: mass loss

A property denoting fractional mass loss during pyrolysis (reported ~30% mass loss in conclusions).

Mass To Charge Ratio

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MassToChargeRatio
Type: Property
altLabel: m/z

A property denoting mass to charge ratio and determined in Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Measurement.

Mass Transport Loss Parameter M

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MassTransportLossParameterM
Type: Property
altLabel: m parameter; m (V)

A property denoting empirical mass-transport loss parameter m in Eq. (1): m*exp(n*i).

Mass Transport Loss Parameter N

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MassTransportLossParameterN
Type: Property
altLabel: n parameter; n (cm2/mA)

A property denoting empirical mass-transport loss parameter n in Eq. (1): m*exp(n*i).

Mass Transport Resistance

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MassTransportResistance
Type: Property
altLabel: molecular diffusion resistance (secondary pores); pressure-dependent O2 resistance; molecular diffusion resistance

A property denoting mass transport resistance normalized to Geometric Area and determined in Through-Plane Gas Transport Measurement, MEAPolarization, and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Potentiostatic.

Mass Transport Resistance Increase Due To Local Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MassTransportResistanceIncreaseDueToLocalPercent
Type: Property
altLabel: share attributed to local resistance

A property denoting mass transport resistance increase due to local percent.

Mass Transport Resistance Increase Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MassTransportResistanceIncreasePercent
Type: Property
altLabel: increase in total mass transport resistance; % increase

A property denoting mass transport resistance increase percent.

Mass Transport Resistance Reduction Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MassTransportResistanceReductionPercent
Type: Property

A property denoting percent reduction in fitted mass transport resistance relative to comparator (E-spun vs E-sprayed).

Max Adsorption Volume Nitrogen

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MaxAdsorptionVolumeNitrogen
Type: Property
altLabel: maximum adsorption volume (N2)

A property denoting maximum N2 adsorption volume (proxy for pore volume).

Max Adsorption Volume Water

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MaxAdsorptionVolumeWater
Type: Property
altLabel: maximum adsorption volume (H2O)

A property denoting max adsorption volume water.

Maximum Current Density

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MaximumCurrentDensity
Type: Property
altLabel: short circuit current density; max current density

A property denoting maximum current density and determined in MEAPolarization, Microbial Fuel Cell Polarization Measurement, and Fuel Cell Polarization Measurement.

Maximum Reduction Conversion Rate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MaximumReductionConversionRate
Type: Property
altLabel: maximum conversion rate; %/K

A property denoting maximum rate of oxide-to-metal conversion derived from normalized XRD peak intensity change (units %/K).

Mean Absolute Percentage Error

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MeanAbsolutePercentageError
Type: Property
altLabel: MAPE

A property denoting prediction performance metric: mean absolute percentage error between measured and predicted voltage.

Mean Fiber Orientation Angle

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MeanFiberOrientationAngle
Type: Property
altLabel: average fiber angle; fiber alignment angle

A property denoting mean fiber orientation angle (degrees) measured from XCT images relative to print direction.

Mean Flow Pore Diameter

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MeanFlowPoreDiameter
Type: Property

A property denoting mean flow pore diameter and determined in Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry Measurement.

Mean Particle Size

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MeanParticleSize
Type: Property
altLabel: particle size; average particle size; aggregate size

A property denoting mean particle size of carbon xerogel powder after grinding, from laser diffraction.

Membrane Area Expansion Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MembraneAreaExpansionPercent
Type: Property
altLabel: membrane area expansion

A property denoting membrane area expansion percent and determined in Membrane Swelling Measurement and Membrane Area Expansion Measurement.

Membrane Bulk Resistance

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MembraneBulkResistance
Type: Property
altLabel: bulk resistance; Rb

A property denoting bulk resistance of membrane/electrolyte from AC impedance with blocking electrodes (ohm).

Membrane Volume Expansion Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MembraneVolumeExpansionPercent
Type: Property

A property denoting percent change in membrane volume after PA doping.

Mesopore Volume

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MesoporeVolume
Type: Property

A property denoting pore volume attributed to mesopores (>2 nm in cited convention); reported/compared in cm^3/g.

Metal Atomic Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MetalAtomicPercent
Type: Property
altLabel: Metal %

A property denoting atomic percent of transition metal from XPS survey/high-resolution spectra (as reported).

Metal Coordinated Nitrogen Fraction Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MetalCoordinatedNitrogenFractionPercent
Type: Property
altLabel: Nx-M; nitrogen coordinated with metal

A property denoting percent of N 1s assigned to nitrogen coordinated to metal (Nx-M).

Metal Nx Fraction Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MetalNxFractionPercent
Type: Property
altLabel: M-Nx; metal-nitrogen coordination fraction

A property denoting fraction/percent of metal present as M-Nx coordinated species (as reported).

Metal Oxide Fraction Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MetalOxideFractionPercent
Type: Property
altLabel: MOx; metal oxides fraction

A property denoting fraction/percent of metal present as metal oxides (as reported).

Metallic Metal Fraction Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MetallicMetalFractionPercent
Type: Property
altLabel: Metal; metallic particles fraction

A property denoting fraction/percent of metal present as metallic species in XPS metal spectrum fitting (as reported).

Methane Conversion

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MethaneConversion
Type: Property
altLabel: CH4 conversion; X_CH4

A property denoting methane conversion and determined in Dry Reforming Of Methane Performance Measurement.

Methanol Permeability

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MethanolPermeability
Type: Property
altLabel: P

A property denoting methanol permeability and determined in Methanol Permeability Measurement.

Mg Content Wt

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MgContentWt
Type: Property
altLabel: Mg content; wt.% Mg

A property denoting magnesium weight percent in LDH (from ICP-AES).

Microfilament Diameter

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MicrofilamentDiameter
Type: Property

A property denoting diameter of printed/sintered microfilament.

Micropore Size Max

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MicroporeSizeMax
Type: Property
altLabel: µm-scale pores max

A property denoting upper bound of reported µm-scale pore size tunability range (10–20 µm).

Micropore Size Min

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MicroporeSizeMin
Type: Property
altLabel: µm-scale pores min

A property denoting lower bound of reported µm-scale pore size tunability range (10–20 µm).

Micropore Surface Area

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MicroporeSurfaceArea
Type: Property

A property denoting micropore surface area and determined in Literature Review Synthesis.

Micropore Volume

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MicroporeVolume
Type: Property

A property denoting pore volume attributed to micropores (<2 nm in cited convention); reported/compared in cm^3/g.

Microporous Layer Thickness

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MicroporousLayerThickness
Type: Property
altLabel: MPL thickness; thickness difference between GDM and MPS

A property denoting through-plane thickness of the microporous layer (MPL) on the macroporous substrate.

Minimum Storage Modulus Requirement

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MinimumStorageModulusRequirement
Type: Property
altLabel: Smay et al. Eq. (1) requirement

A property denoting minimum shear storage modulus G' required to keep filament deflection below ~5% (computed from Eq. 1).

Model Fit R 2

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ModelFitR2
Type: Property
altLabel: R2; R²

A property denoting coefficient of determination for Eq. (1) fit.

Molecular Diffusivity In Air

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MolecularDiffusivityInAir
Type: Property
altLabel: Dij; binary diffusivity in air; molecular diffusivity

A property denoting Binary molecular diffusion coefficient of O2 in air used in tortuosity analysis (cm2/s).

Molecular Weight

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MolecularWeight
Type: Property
altLabel: Mw; PBI molecular weight; PEG molecular weight

A property denoting molecular weight and determined in Material Specification Measurement and Gel Permeation Chromatography Measurement.

Monomer Conversion

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MonomerConversion
Type: Property

A property denoting fractional conversion of monomers during polymerization estimated from UV–vis.

N 1 s Atomic Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#N1sAtomicPercent
Type: Property
altLabel: N-contents; N atomic percent; nitrogen atomic percent

A property denoting atomic percent of nitrogen (from N 1s signal) measured by XPS.

Nafion Backbone Solubility Parameter

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#NafionBackboneSolubilityParameter
Type: Property
altLabel: δ1; solubility parameter of Nafion backbone; δ_backbone

A property denoting nafion backbone solubility parameter.

Nafion Fiber Diameter

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#NafionFiberDiameter
Type: Property
altLabel: fiber diameter

A property denoting Average diameter of electrospun Nafion fibers forming the scaffold mat (SEM-derived).

Nafion Main Chain Mobility

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#NafionMainChainMobility
Type: Property
altLabel: main-chain mobility (19F NMR); main-chain mobility

A property denoting mobility metric for Nafion main chain inferred from 19F NMR peak analysis; numeric values not explicitly stated in text for this paper.

Nafion Side Chain Mobility

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#NafionSideChainMobility
Type: Property
altLabel: side-chain mobility (19F NMR); kHz^{-1}; side-chain mobility

A property denoting nafion side chain mobility and determined in F 19 NMR Mobility Measurement.

Nafion Side Chain Solubility Parameter

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#NafionSideChainSolubilityParameter
Type: Property
altLabel: δ2 (side chain); δ2; solubility parameter of Nafion side chain

A property denoting nafion side chain solubility parameter.

Nanoscale Pore Size Max

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#NanoscalePoreSizeMax
Type: Property
altLabel: nm-scale pores max; pore size max; nano-XCT pore size

A property denoting upper bound of reported nm-scale pore size tunability range.

Nanoscale Pore Size Min

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#NanoscalePoreSizeMin
Type: Property
altLabel: nm-scale pores min; pore size min; FIB–SEM pore size range

A property denoting lower bound of reported nm-scale pore size tunability range.

NC Atomic Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#NCAtomicPercent
Type: Property
altLabel: N/C (at.%); N/C

A property denoting atomic percent (at.%) ratio of nitrogen to carbon measured by EDX in CNT forests.

Ni 3 Ni 2 Ratio

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Ni3Ni2Ratio
Type: Property
altLabel: Ni3+/Ni2+

A property denoting xPS-derived surface oxidation-state ratio for Ni.

Ni Content Wt

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#NiContentWt
Type: Property
altLabel: Ni content; wt.% Ni

A property denoting nickel content in catalyst (wt.%), measured by ICP.

Ni Fraction In Ni Plus Mg

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#NiFractionInNiPlusMg
Type: Property
altLabel: Ni/(Ni+Mg)

A property denoting molar fraction of Ni among divalent metals (nominal and experimental).

Ni Plus Mg To Al Molar Ratio

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#NiPlusMgToAlMolarRatio
Type: Property
altLabel: (Ni+Mg)/Al

A property denoting molar ratio of total divalent metals to Al in LDH composition (nominal and experimental).

Ni To SXRF Peak Area Ratio

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#NiToSXRFPeakAreaRatio
Type: Property
altLabel: Ni/S XRF ratio; Ni/S XRF peak area ratio; Ni:S XRF peak area ratio (aqueous ink)

A property denoting ni to SXRF peak area ratio and determined in Micro X Ray Fluorescence Measurement.

Non Pt Catalyst Volumetric Activity

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#NonPtCatalystVolumetricActivity
Type: Property
altLabel: Non-Pt cataystactivity per volumod titneded; non-Pt catalyst activity per volume

A property denoting non pt catalyst volumetric activity and determined in Review Statement Extraction.

Normalized Energy Recovery

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#NormalizedEnergyRecovery
Type: Property
altLabel: NER; MFC-CICo; MFC-CIFe

A property denoting energy recovered per treated wastewater volume (kWh per m^3).

Normalized Resistance

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#NormalizedResistance
Type: Property
altLabel: R/R0

A property denoting resistance of Cu interconnect normalized to initial resistance before bending test.

Notched Izod Impact Toughness

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#NotchedIzodImpactToughness
Type: Property
altLabel: notched Izod impact

A property denoting notched Izod impact toughness of ToughPoint resin (J/m).

Number Average Molecular Weight

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#NumberAverageMolecularWeight
Type: Property
altLabel: Mn

A property denoting number-average molecular weight (Mn) of polymer.

O 1 s Atomic Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#O1sAtomicPercent
Type: Property
altLabel: O atomic percent; oxygen atomic percent

A property denoting atomic percent of oxygen (from O 1s signal) measured by XPS.

Ohmic Resistance

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#OhmicResistance
Type: Property
altLabel: HFR; high frequency resistance; R_HFR

A property denoting ohmic resistance and determined in Current-Interrupt HFR Measurement, MEAPolarization, and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Potentiostatic.

Ohmic Resistance Increase Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#OhmicResistanceIncreasePercent
Type: Property
altLabel: HFR increased cell resistance

A property denoting ohmic resistance increase percent.

Ohmic Resistance Reduction Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#OhmicResistanceReductionPercent
Type: Property

A property denoting percent reduction of ohmic/HFR during activation compared to initial state.

Oleic Acid Mass Fraction

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#OleicAcidMassFraction
Type: Property
altLabel: Oleic fatty acid%

A property denoting oleic acid mass fraction and determined in Gas Chromatography Measurement.

Onset Potential

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#OnsetPotential
Type: Property
altLabel: Eon; E_onset; potential onset

A property denoting onset potential and determined in Rotating Ring Disk Voltammetry, Cyclic Voltammetry, and Linear Sweep Voltammetry.

Open Circuit Voltage

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#OpenCircuitVoltage
Type: Property
altLabel: OCV; E; OCP

A property denoting open circuit voltage and determined in MEAPolarization, Linear Sweep Voltammetry, and Microbial Fuel Cell Polarization Measurement.

Open Porosity

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#OpenPorosity
Type: Property
altLabel: open porosity values

A property denoting open (connected) porosity of printed lattice body.

Optical Density

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#OpticalDensity
Type: Property
altLabel: O.D.

A property denoting optical density setting used during PL/QY measurements (dimensionless).

Optical Transmittance

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#OpticalTransmittance
Type: Property

A property denoting optical transmittance of CCM (percent) used as proxy for catalyst-layer surface coverage.

Other Fatty Acids Mass Fraction

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#OtherFattyAcidsMassFraction
Type: Property
altLabel: other fatty acid%

A property denoting other fatty acids mass fraction and determined in Gas Chromatography Measurement.

Overpotential

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Overpotential
Type: Property
altLabel: ΔV; ΔV_peak2; ΔV_peak3

A property denoting overpotential and determined in MEAPolarization, Linear Sweep Voltammetry, and Electrochemical Reaction Simulation.

Oxidative Stability Residual Weight Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#OxidativeStabilityResidualWeightPercent
Type: Property
altLabel: oxidative stability; residual weight

A property denoting residual weight (%) after Fenton reagent exposure (80Â°C, 1 h).

Oxirane Content

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#OxiraneContent
Type: Property

A property denoting oxirane content and determined in Epoxy Equivalent Titration Measurement.

Oxygen Atomic Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#OxygenAtomicPercent
Type: Property

A property denoting oxygen atomic percent and determined in X Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Measurement.

Oxygen Concentration

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#OxygenConcentration
Type: Property
altLabel: C_O2

A property denoting oxygen concentration and determined in PEMFCCFD Simulation.

Oxygen Mean Free Path Length

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#OxygenMeanFreePathLength
Type: Property
altLabel: mean free path length

A property denoting mean free path length of O2 under PEFC operating conditions (used to justify Knudsen diffusion).

Oxygen Permeability

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#OxygenPermeability
Type: Property
altLabel: O2 permeability; O₂ permeability; P_O2

A property denoting gas permeability of polymer film to O2 (Barrer).

Oxygen Permeability Factor Vs Nafion

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#OxygenPermeabilityFactorVsNafion
Type: Property
altLabel: O2 permeability factor; oxygen permeability four times higher

A property denoting oxygen permeability factor vs nafion.

Oxygen Solubility Factor Vs Nafion

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#OxygenSolubilityFactorVsNafion
Type: Property
altLabel: O2 solubility factor; oxygen solubility 2–3 times higher; oxygen solubility in ionomer

A property denoting oxygen solubility factor vs nafion and determined in Molecular Dynamics Simulation.

Palmitic Acid Mass Fraction

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PalmiticAcidMassFraction
Type: Property
altLabel: Palmitic fatty acid%

A property denoting palmitic acid mass fraction and determined in Gas Chromatography Measurement.

Particle Length

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ParticleLength
Type: Property
altLabel: rod length

A property denoting particle length and determined in Electron Microscopy Imaging and Ultra Small Angle X Ray Scattering Measurement.

Particle Size D 10

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ParticleSizeD10
Type: Property
altLabel: D10

A property denoting 10th percentile of particle size distribution from DLS (D10).

Particle Size D 50

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ParticleSizeD50
Type: Property
altLabel: D50; D_V50; median particle size

A property denoting 50th percentile (median) of particle size distribution from DLS (D50).

Particle Size D 90

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ParticleSizeD90
Type: Property
altLabel: D90

A property denoting 90th percentile of particle size distribution from DLS (D90).

Particle Size Span

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ParticleSizeSpan
Type: Property
altLabel: Span

A property denoting Span of DLS size distribution: (D90 - D10) / D50.

Particle Volume Concentration

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ParticleVolumeConcentration
Type: Property
altLabel: solid volume concentration; vol.%; particle concentration

A property denoting particle volume concentration of ink samples used in DLS dilution study.

Particle Width

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ParticleWidth
Type: Property
altLabel: rod width

A property denoting width of rodlike particles/aggregates (reported for some TEM/cryo-TEM observations).

Particles Per Agglomerate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ParticlesPerAgglomerate
Type: Property
altLabel: # particles /agglomerate

A property denoting number of primary particles per agglomerate (mentioned as an ink-stage descriptor; no numeric values in this source).

Pattern Surface Coverage

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PatternSurfaceCoverage
Type: Property
altLabel: surface coverage

A property denoting pattern surface coverage and determined in Atomic Force Microscopy Measurement.

Pd Nanoparticle Diameter

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PdNanoparticleDiameter
Type: Property
altLabel: diameter of Pd nanoparticles

A property denoting pd nanoparticle diameter and determined in Transmission Electron Microscopy Imaging.

Peak Current

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PeakCurrent
Type: Property

A property denoting peak current and determined in Square Wave Voltammetry.

Peak Potential

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PeakPotential
Type: Property
altLabel: CO stripping peak position; stripping potential; CO stripping peak potential

A property denoting peak potential and determined in Square Wave Voltammetry, Cyclic Voltammetry, and Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry.

Peak Power Density

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PeakPowerDensity
Type: Property
altLabel: maximum power density; power peak; Pmax

A property denoting maximum (peak) power density extracted from polarization curve.

Peak To Peak Separation

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PeakToPeakSeparation
Type: Property
altLabel: Epp

A property denoting peak-to-peak potential separation in CV, used as a criterion for catalytic activity/reversibility in I3-/I- redox.

Performance Benefit Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PerformanceBenefitPercent
Type: Property

A property denoting reported percent performance benefit (e.g., power density increase) from a pretreatment/activation step.

Peroxide Yield

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PeroxideYield
Type: Property
altLabel: hydrogen peroxide yield; H2O2 yield

A property denoting peroxide yield and determined in Rotating Ring Disk Voltammetry.

Phase Transition Temperature

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PhaseTransitionTemperature
Type: Property
altLabel: β→α transition temperature; β→α phase transition

A property denoting phase transition temperature and determined in Differential Scanning Calorimetry Measurement.

Phosphoric Acid Adsorption Energy On Pt

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PhosphoricAcidAdsorptionEnergyOnPt
Type: Property
altLabel: PA adsorption energy on Pt surface; adsorption energy (PA on Pt); PA adsorption energy on Pt

A property denoting computed adsorption energy of phosphoric acid on Pt surface (DFT).

Phosphoric Acid Binding Energy

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PhosphoricAcidBindingEnergy
Type: Property
altLabel: E_PA-binding; PA binding energy

A property denoting computed binding energy between phosphoric acid and polymer repeat unit (DFT).

Phosphoric Acid Saturation In Cracks

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PhosphoricAcidSaturationInCracks
Type: Property
altLabel: acid saturation in cracks; PA content in cracks; crack flooding saturation

A property denoting proposed_new_term. paper_context: Volume fraction (%) of phosphoric acid filling catalyst-layer cracks for a given crack-width category.

Photodegradation Efficiency

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PhotodegradationEfficiency
Type: Property
altLabel: degradation efficiency; decomposition efficiency; discoloration efficiency

A property denoting percent degradation of Rhodamine B concentration after irradiation time (typically 90 min).

Photoluminescence Decay Time

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PhotoluminescenceDecayTime
Type: Property
altLabel: PL decay time; decay time 3.6 ns; decay time 8.7 ns

A property denoting time constant(s) from time-resolved PL decay curves (ns).

Photoluminescence Quantum Yield

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PhotoluminescenceQuantumYield
Type: Property
altLabel: quantum yield; QY; absolute quantum yield

A property denoting photoluminescence quantum yield; monitored during ligand exchange and thermal stability testing.

Physical Surface Area Pt Catalyst

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PhysicalSurfaceAreaPtCatalyst
Type: Property
altLabel: Pt physical surface area; physical surface area; Pt catalytic surface area

A property denoting physical Pt surface area of Pt/C catalyst used to normalize ECSA for Pt utilization (cm2 mg_Pt^-1).

Pillar Height

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PillarHeight
Type: Property

A property denoting height of an individual printed pillar (controlled by extruded volume and motion profile).

Plasmon Peak Wavelength

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PlasmonPeakWavelength
Type: Property

A property denoting plasmon peak wavelength and determined in UV Visible Spectroscopy Measurement.

Plateau Loss Modulus

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PlateauLossModulus
Type: Property
altLabel: G0″

A property denoting plateau (low-strain) loss modulus used together with G0′ to determine rheological percolation threshold.

Plateau Storage Modulus

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PlateauStorageModulus
Type: Property
altLabel: G0′

A property denoting plateau (low-strain) storage modulus extrapolated from 0.01–0.03% strain data.

Platinum Weight Percent In Catalyst

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PlatinumWeightPercentInCatalyst
Type: Property

A property denoting platinum weight percent in catalyst.

Platinum Weight Percent In Catalyst Layer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PlatinumWeightPercentInCatalystLayer
Type: Property
altLabel: Pt

A property denoting eDS-reported normalized platinum concentration in catalyst layer (wt.%).

Polarization Resistance

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PolarizationResistance
Type: Property
altLabel: Rp

A property denoting resistance associated with polarization (semi-circle diameter / fitted circuit), includes charge transfer and diffusion contributions per authors.

Polydispersity Index

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PolydispersityIndex
Type: Property
altLabel: PDI; PD index; Mw/Mn

A property denoting dimensionless index from DLS describing breadth of size distribution; not present as named Property in ontology.

Polymer Mass Loss

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PolymerMassLoss
Type: Property
altLabel: mass loss (TGA); mass loss; weight loss

A property denoting mass loss attributed to grafted polymer decomposition in TGA.

Polymer P Ka

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PolymerPKa
Type: Property
altLabel: pKa

A property denoting acid dissociation constant (pKa) of polymer functional group (dimensionless).

Pore Area Fraction

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PoreAreaFraction
Type: Property
altLabel: pore area %; crack area fraction

A property denoting area fraction (%) of pores on fracture surface (2D measurement).

Pore Major Axis

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PoreMajorAxis
Type: Property

A property denoting average major axis length of pores measured on fracture surfaces (µm).

Pore Minor Axis

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PoreMinorAxis
Type: Property

A property denoting average minor axis length of pores measured on fracture surfaces (µm).

Pore Size Distribution

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PoreSizeDistribution
Type: Property
altLabel: PSD

A property denoting the distribution of pore sizes within a material or structure as determined by pore-characterization measurements.

Pore Size Distribution Peak Diameter

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PoreSizeDistributionPeakDiameter
Type: Property
altLabel: pore size distribution peak; pore diameter peak; peak diameter

A property denoting peak pore diameter(s) read from pore size distribution (PSD) derived from N2 desorption (NLDFT).

Pore Surface Area Fraction Below 20 nm

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PoreSurfaceAreaFractionBelow20nm
Type: Property

A property denoting pore surface area fraction below 20 nm and determined in Nitrogen Physisorption Measurement.

Potential Of Total Zero Charge

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PotentialOfTotalZeroCharge
Type: Property
altLabel: ptzc

A property denoting electrode potential where surface charge is zero; review cites ptzc for Pt(111) affecting ionomer adsorption.

Power Conversion Efficiency

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PowerConversionEfficiency
Type: Property
altLabel: PCE; device efficiency; conversion efficiency

A property denoting solar-cell power conversion efficiency (output electrical power / incident light power).

Power Density

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PowerDensity
Type: Property
altLabel: Pmax; peak power density; maximum output density

A property denoting power density normalized to Catalyst Mass and determined in MEAPolarization, Electrochemical Reaction Simulation, and Organic Flow Battery Polarization Measurement.

Power Density Increase Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PowerDensityIncreasePercent
Type: Property
altLabel: power density increase; % increase of maximum power density; % increase

A property denoting power density increase percent and determined in MEAPolarization and Fuel Cell Polarization Measurement.

Power Efficiency

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PowerEfficiency
Type: Property
altLabel: lm/W; maximum power efficiency 1.03 lm/W

A property denoting power efficiency for LED device (lm/W).

Power Law Consistency Index

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PowerLawConsistencyIndex
Type: Property
altLabel: K; consistency index

A property denoting power law consistency index and determined in Rheology Measurement.

Power Law Flow Index

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PowerLawFlowIndex
Type: Property
altLabel: flow index; flow behavior index n

A property denoting flow behavior index n from power-law fit of viscosity vs shear rate; n<1 indicates shear-thinning.

Power Loss Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PowerLossPercent
Type: Property
altLabel: power loss after AST

A property denoting power loss percent.

Pressure Dependent Gas Diffusion Resistance

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PressureDependentGasDiffusionResistance
Type: Property
altLabel: R_PD; pressure dependent resistance; R_MD

A property denoting pressure-dependent component (molecular diffusion in large pores/diffusion media).

Pressure Independent Gas Diffusion Resistance

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PressureIndependentGasDiffusionResistance
Type: Property
altLabel: R_PI; pressure independent resistance; R_NF

A property denoting pressure-independent component of transport resistance (Knudsen + ionomer film).

Primary Agglomerate Pore Size

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PrimaryAgglomeratePoreSize
Type: Property
altLabel: pores within primary agglomerates; primary pore size

A property denoting primary agglomerate pore size and determined in Literature Microstructure Compilation and Nitrogen Physisorption Measurement.

Printability Z Number

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PrintabilityZNumber
Type: Property
altLabel: Z; Z number

A property denoting printability Z number and determined in Ink Printability Assessment.

Printable Working Time Max

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PrintableWorkingTimeMax
Type: Property
altLabel: working time window; working time max

A property denoting printable working time max.

Printable Working Time Min

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PrintableWorkingTimeMin
Type: Property
altLabel: working time window; working time min

A property denoting printable working time min.

Printed CNT Structure Height

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PrintedCNTStructureHeight
Type: Property
altLabel: CNT height; height of CNT dots/lines

A property denoting printed CNT structure height and determined in Stylus Profilometry Measurement.

Printed Trace Width

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PrintedTraceWidth
Type: Property
altLabel: width of the silver trace; trace width

A property denoting measured width of printed conductive silver trace in composite (µm).

Projector Light Intensity

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ProjectorLightIntensity
Type: Property
altLabel: light intensity

A property denoting irradiance/intensity of DLP projector measured by radiometer (mW/cm2).

Protonic Catalyst Layer Resistance

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ProtonicCatalystLayerResistance
Type: Property
altLabel: R_ion; protonic CL resistance; protonic layer resistance

A property denoting protonic resistance of cathode catalyst layer (fitted with transmission line model from EIS).

Protonic Catalyst Layer Resistivity

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ProtonicCatalystLayerResistivity
Type: Property
altLabel: protonic resistivity; ρ_H+; proton resistivity

A property denoting protonic catalyst layer resistivity and determined in Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Potentiostatic and Proton Conductivity Measurement.

Pseudo Double Layer Capacitance

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PseudoDoubleLayerCapacitance
Type: Property
altLabel: Cpdl; Cpd1

A property denoting pseudo double layer capacitance and determined in Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Potentiostatic.

Pseudo First Order Rate Constant

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PseudoFirstOrderRateConstant
Type: Property

A property denoting pseudo-first-order kinetic rate constant extracted from ln(C0/C) vs time for RhB degradation.

Pt Atomic Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PtAtomicPercent
Type: Property
altLabel: Pt [atom%]; EDX; STEM-EDX

A property denoting atomic percent of Pt in Pt/Ru catalyst particles or networks (from EDX).

Pt Chemical Surface Area

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PtChemicalSurfaceArea
Type: Property
altLabel: CSA(TEM); chemical surface area; CSA

A property denoting pt chemical surface area and determined in Electron Microscopy Imaging.

Pt Crystallite Size

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PtCrystalliteSize
Type: Property
altLabel: Pt crystallite size (XRD); Scherrer; mean crystallite size

A property denoting pt crystallite size estimated from XRD (111) peak via Scherrer equation.

Pt Effectiveness

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PtEffectiveness
Type: Property
altLabel: effectiveness of Pt; Ef_Pt; effectiveness of Pt (Ef_Pt)

A property denoting concept/metric linking transport through ionomer film to effective utilization of Pt (review cites Lee et al. model).

Pt Loading

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PtLoading
Type: Property
altLabel: µg_Pt cm^-2; Pt catalyst loading; mg_Pt cm−2

A property denoting platinum mass per geometric area of CCM.

Pt Mass Per Power

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PtMassPerPower
Type: Property
altLabel: Pt utilization (g_Pt kW^-1); Pt per kW; gPt/kW

A property denoting platinum mass required per unit power output (g_Pt per kW), used as a system-level Pt-usage metric in the review.

Pt Mass Specific Current

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PtMassSpecificCurrent
Type: Property

A property denoting pt mass specific current and determined in MEAPolarization.

Pt Mass Specific Peak Power Density

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PtMassSpecificPeakPowerDensity
Type: Property
altLabel: Pt-mass specific power density; mass specific power density; mass power

A property denoting peak power density normalized to Pt mass loading (specific power).

Pt Mass Specific Power Density

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PtMassSpecificPowerDensity
Type: Property

A property denoting Pt-mass-normalized power output at a specified current density (here 600 mA/cm²). Separate from peak mass-specific power.

Pt Particle Diameter Increase Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PtParticleDiameterIncreasePercent
Type: Property

A property denoting percent increase in mean Pt particle diameter during conditioning/break-in.

Pt Particle Size

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PtParticleSize
Type: Property
altLabel: Pt nanoparticle size; mean particle size; Pt particle diameter

A property denoting size of Pt nanoparticles in Pt/C catalyst (nm scale).

Pt Poisoning by Ionomer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PtPoisoningByIonomer
Type: Property
altLabel: Pt poisoning; Pt anion poisoning; poisoning of Pt by sulfonic acid groups

A property denoting phenomenon/metric describing reduced ORR activity due to adsorption/poisoning of Pt by ionomer sulfonate groups (review discussion).

Pt To Ru Atomic Ratio

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PtToRuAtomicRatio
Type: Property
altLabel: Pt/Ru ratio; Pt/Ru; EDX

A property denoting atomic ratio Pt/Ru determined from EDX composition (dimensionless).

Pt Utilization

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PtUtilization
Type: Property
altLabel: U_Pt; ECSA utilization; catalyst utilization

A property denoting fraction of Pt that is electrochemically accessible (ratio of ECSA to theoretical surface area).

Pt Utilization Relative Increase

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PtUtilizationRelativeIncrease
Type: Property
altLabel: Pt utilization difference (structure 1 vs 2); relative utilization increase

A property denoting relative increase in mean current density per Pt surface (structure 1 reported 22% higher than structure 2).

Pulse Power Density

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PulsePowerDensity
Type: Property
altLabel: Ppulse; pulse power

A property denoting description=Average power density delivered during a galvanostatic discharge pulse (energy/time over pulse).

Pyridinic Nitrogen Fraction Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PyridinicNitrogenFractionPercent
Type: Property
altLabel: pyridinic N

A property denoting percent of N 1s assigned to pyridinic nitrogen (XPS deconvolution).

Pyrrolic Nitrogen Fraction Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PyrrolicNitrogenFractionPercent
Type: Property

A property denoting percent of N 1s assigned to pyrrolic nitrogen (XPS deconvolution).

QSDFT Surface Area Nitrogen

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#QSDFTSurfaceAreaNitrogen
Type: Property
altLabel: QSDFT surface area; DFT surface area; QSDFT area

A property denoting qSDFT-derived (quenched solid density functional theory) surface area from N2 physisorption.

Quantum Dot Loading Weight Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#QuantumDotLoadingWeightPercent
Type: Property

A property denoting quantum dot loading weight percent.

Radius Of Gyration

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#RadiusOfGyration
Type: Property
altLabel: Rg

A property denoting radius of gyration (Rg) of ink aggregates/agglomerates extracted from Guinier fits to USAXS data.

Raman D Band Peak Wavenumber

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#RamanDBandPeakWavenumber
Type: Property
altLabel: Raman D band; D-band peak; D band peak position

A property denoting raman D-band peak position (wavenumber) for carbon disorder band.

Raman D Band Wavenumber

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#RamanDBandWavenumber
Type: Property
altLabel: Raman D-band peak position

A property denoting Raman wavenumber (cm^-1) of the carbon D-band peak in dried ink films.

Raman G Band Peak Wavenumber

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#RamanGBandPeakWavenumber
Type: Property
altLabel: Raman G band; G-band peak; G band peak position

A property denoting raman G-band peak position (wavenumber) used to assess carbon structural changes.

Raman G Band Wavenumber

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#RamanGBandWavenumber
Type: Property
altLabel: Raman G-band peak position; Raman shift for carbon G-band

A property denoting Raman wavenumber (cm^-1) of the carbon G-band peak in dried ink films.

Raman I 2 D To IG Ratio

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#RamanI2DToIGRatio
Type: Property
altLabel: I2D/IG

A property denoting intensity ratio of Raman 2D band to G band used to indicate graphene stacking/restacking.

Raman ID To IG Ratio

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#RamanIDToIGRatio
Type: Property
altLabel: ID/IG; D/G band intensity ratio; R = ID/IG

A property denoting Raman D-band to G-band intensity ratio (ID/IG) for carbon structure.

Raman IG To ID Ratio

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#RamanIGToIDRatio
Type: Property
altLabel: I_G/I_D ratio; I_G/I_D

A property denoting raman IG to ID ratio and determined in Raman Spectroscopy Measurement.

Reduction Completion Temperature

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ReductionCompletionTemperature
Type: Property
altLabel: complete reduction temperature

A property denoting temperature at which a specific oxide is no longer detected / reduction completes.

Reduction Onset Temperature

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ReductionOnsetTemperature
Type: Property
altLabel: onset temperature; reduction start temperature

A property denoting temperature at which reduction of a specific oxide (or binder removal step) initiates under given atmosphere and heating rate.

Reduction Peak Current

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ReductionPeakCurrent
Type: Property
altLabel: reduction current; ORR reduction current; peak cathodic current

A property denoting cathodic peak current associated with oxygen reduction in CV (O2-saturated electrolyte).

Reduction Peak Potential

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ReductionPeakPotential
Type: Property
altLabel: ORR peak potential; ORR reduction peak potential; CICo

A property denoting electrode potential at ORR reduction peak in CV (reported vs Ag/AgCl).

Reduction Potential

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ReductionPotential
Type: Property
altLabel: formal potential; E°; AQS reduction potential

A property denoting average redox reduction potential estimated from CV peak positions; reported vs SHE for AQS and BQDS.

Refractive Index

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#RefractiveIndex
Type: Property

A property denoting refractive index of dispersion medium (used in DLS/optical parameters and Hamaker constant calculation).

Reinfiltration Mass Increase

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ReinfiltrationMassIncrease
Type: Property
altLabel: mass increase after reinfiltration

A property denoting percent mass increase after one polymer reinfiltration cycle (PIP trial).

Relative Current Density Change

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#RelativeCurrentDensityChange
Type: Property
altLabel: current density decreases; current density yield; current density decrease

A property denoting relative current density change.

Relative Density

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#RelativeDensity
Type: Property
altLabel: near-full density

A property denoting density expressed relative to theoretical full density; often inferred from porosity.

Relative Increase In Peak Power Density

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#RelativeIncreaseInPeakPowerDensity
Type: Property

A property denoting relative change in peak power density between MIP-modified and control anodes.

Relative Oxygen Permeability

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#RelativeOxygenPermeability
Type: Property
altLabel: thin-film permeability ratio; O2 permeability ratio vs bulk

A property denoting dimensionless ratio of oxygen permeability of thin PFSA ionomer film (at interface) relative to bulk PFSA membrane.

Relative Performance Variation Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#RelativePerformanceVariationPercent
Type: Property
altLabel: performance variation; relative performance variation

A property denoting relative performance variation percent and determined in Fuel Cell Polarization Measurement.

Relative Proton Conductivity

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#RelativeProtonConductivity
Type: Property
altLabel: σ_H+^R

A property denoting dimensionless relative proton conductivity defined as σ_eff / σ_bulk for the ionomer phase/network in the catalyst layer.

Relative Variation Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#RelativeVariationPercent
Type: Property
altLabel: Variation (%); maximum percentage variation

A property denoting ratio (Mmax−Mmin)/Mavg ×100% for repeated dispensing mass.

Relative Volatilization Rate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#RelativeVolatilizationRate
Type: Property
altLabel: volatilization rate (relative)

A property denoting relative volatilization rate and determined in Solvent Property Measurement.

Residual Chloride Content

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ResidualChlorideContent
Type: Property
altLabel: residual Cl- content; Cl- content

A property denoting residual chloride content remaining after etching, estimated from XPS.

Residual Iron Content

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ResidualIronContent
Type: Property
altLabel: residual Fe3+ content; Fe3+ content

A property denoting residual Fe content remaining after etching, estimated from XPS.

Residual Rate

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ResidualRate
Type: Property
altLabel: residual analysis

A property denoting residual fraction/rate metric for ink stability (e.g., residual rate after storage/dispersion); not present as named Property in ontology.

Rheology Measurement 2

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#RheologyMeasurement2
Type: Property
altLabel: Viscosity

A property denoting rheology measurement 2 and determined in Rheology Measurement.

Ri Over Cd Sqrt

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#RiOverCdSqrt
Type: Property
altLabel: (Ri/Cd)^(1/2) slope; (Ri/Cd)^−1/2

A property denoting slope-derived parameter from |Z| vs ω^(-1/2) used to calculate Ri when Cd is known; unit label in paper appears inconsistent, verify.

Ricinoleic Acid Mass Fraction

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#RicinoleicAcidMassFraction
Type: Property
altLabel: Ricinoleic fatty acid%

A property denoting ricinoleic acid mass fraction and determined in Gas Chromatography Measurement.

Root Mean Square Error

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#RootMeanSquareError
Type: Property
altLabel: RMSE

A property denoting prediction performance metric: root mean square error between measured and predicted voltage.

Roughness Factor

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#RoughnessFactor
Type: Property
altLabel: rf; inverse roughness factor; Apt

A property denoting roughness factor and determined in Cyclic Voltammetry and Optical Microscopy Imaging Measurement.

Ru Atomic Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#RuAtomicPercent
Type: Property
altLabel: Ru [atom%]; EDX; STEM-EDX

A property denoting atomic percent of Ru in Pt/Ru catalyst particles or networks (from EDX).

Saturated Residual Water Amount

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SaturatedResidualWaterAmount
Type: Property
altLabel: saturated water amount; saturated water amount in GDL; water amount in membrane

A property denoting estimated residual liquid water per area used for subzero storage (dominant contribution from GDL).

Semi Empirical Parameter A

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SemiEmpiricalParameterA
Type: Property
altLabel: parameter a

A property denoting semi-empirical polarization model parameter a (voltage intercept term).

Shear Stress

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ShearStress
Type: Property
altLabel: mmHg

A property denoting shear stress applied/measured in rheological tests (flow curve).

Sheet Resistance

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SheetResistance
Type: Property
altLabel: Ω/sq; electrical resistance (sheet); sq^-1

A property denoting sheet resistance and determined in Four Probe Resistance Measurement, Reported Material Property, and Material Specification.

Short Circuit Current Density

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ShortCircuitCurrentDensity
Type: Property
altLabel: Jsc

A property denoting short-circuit current density of a solar cell under illumination.

Si OH Group Weight Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SiOHGroupWeightPercent
Type: Property
altLabel: Si–OH groups (wt%); Si-OH wt%; Si–OH groups

A property denoting weight percent of Si–OH groups on silica nanosheets from XPS deconvolution.

Silicon Dioxide Weight Percent In Catalyst

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SiliconDioxideWeightPercentInCatalyst
Type: Property
altLabel: SiO2

A property denoting silicon dioxide weight percent in catalyst.

SO 3 Stretch Wavenumber

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SO3StretchWavenumber
Type: Property

A property denoting FTIR wavenumber (cm^-1) of Nafion sulfonate (-SO3-) asymmetric stretching peak.

Solar Energy Fraction Infrared

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SolarEnergyFractionInfrared
Type: Property
altLabel: infrared wavelength region

A property denoting fraction of AM1.5G solar energy in infrared region as stated in review.

Solar Energy Fraction UV

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SolarEnergyFractionUV
Type: Property
altLabel: UV wavelength region

A property denoting fraction of AM1.5G solar energy in UV region as stated in review.

Solar Energy Fraction Visible

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SolarEnergyFractionVisible
Type: Property
altLabel: visible wavelength region

A property denoting fraction of AM1.5G solar energy in visible region as stated in review.

Solubility Parameter Total

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SolubilityParameterTotal
Type: Property
altLabel: solubility parameter; delta_s; Hansen solubility parameter (δ)

A property denoting total (Hildebrand/Hansen total) solubility parameter in MPa^0.5; used for ionomer-solvent affinity.

Solution Conductivity

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SolutionConductivity
Type: Property
altLabel: SC; electrolyte conductivity

A property denoting electrical conductivity of the MFC electrolyte/buffer solution.

Specific Activity

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SpecificActivity
Type: Property

A property denoting specific activity.

Specific Area Activity At 0 p 9 V

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SpecificAreaActivityAt0p9V
Type: Property
altLabel: specific area activity; SA; specific activity

A property denoting specific (ECSA-normalized) catalytic activity estimated at 0.9 V_iR-free (A per cm2_Pt).

Stability Ratio

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#StabilityRatio
Type: Property
altLabel: W

A property denoting colloidal stability ratio (inverse of collision efficiency) from DLVO-type model.

Stearic Acid Mass Fraction

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#StearicAcidMassFraction
Type: Property
altLabel: Stearic fatty acid%

A property denoting stearic acid mass fraction and determined in Gas Chromatography Measurement.

Storage Modulus

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#StorageModulus
Type: Property
altLabel: G'; elastic modulus; shear storage modulus

A property denoting storage modulus (G′) characterizing ink elasticity under oscillatory shear.

Storage Modulus Increase Onset Time

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#StorageModulusIncreaseOnsetTime
Type: Property
altLabel: significant increase of the storage modulus started occurring after; time sweep onset

A property denoting time at which storage modulus begins to increase significantly in time sweep (indicating geopolymerization progress).

Strain Gauge Factor

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#StrainGaugeFactor
Type: Property
altLabel: SFG; gauge factor

A property denoting sensitivity metric for strain sensor, defined from relative impedance change vs strain amplitude.

Sulfonate Coverage

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SulfonateCoverage
Type: Property
altLabel: Θ (SO3- coverage on Pt)

A property denoting dimensionless coverage inferred by normalizing CO displacement charge at 0.4 Vcell to ECA.

Sulfur Atomic Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SulfurAtomicPercent
Type: Property
altLabel: S atomic percent

A property denoting atomic percent of sulfur from XPS quantitative composition (no close match in ontology).

Sulfur Weight Percent In Catalyst Layer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SulfurWeightPercentInCatalystLayer
Type: Property

A property denoting eDS-reported normalized sulfur concentration in catalyst layer (wt.%); S attributed to PFSA/Nafion.

Sulfuric Acid Mass Fraction

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SulfuricAcidMassFraction
Type: Property
altLabel: mass fraction sulfuric acid; % mass sulfuric acid; mass fraction H2SO4

A property denoting sulfuric acid mass fraction.

Surface Basicity Change Delta P Hf

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SurfaceBasicityChangeDeltaPHf
Type: Property
altLabel: ΔpHf; surface basicity change

A property denoting ΔpHf = pHf(wetted) − pHf(pristine); negative implies more acidic surface after treatment.

Surface Concentration

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SurfaceConcentration
Type: Property
altLabel: mol/cm2

A property denoting surface concentration and determined in Cyclic Voltammetry.

Surface Film Resistance

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SurfaceFilmResistance
Type: Property
altLabel: R_f; film resistance; surface oxide film resistance

A property denoting High-frequency resistance component assigned to surface oxide film (from equivalent circuit fits), normalized by geometric area.

Surface Hydrophilicity Ratio

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SurfaceHydrophilicityRatio
Type: Property
altLabel: hydrophilicity ratio; surface hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity

A property denoting metric defined as ratio of BET areas from water vapor and nitrogen adsorption.

Surface Roughness Ra

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SurfaceRoughnessRa
Type: Property
altLabel: Average Ra; Ra; HL

A property denoting arithmetic average surface roughness (Ra) of MPL measured by stylus profilometry.

Surface Roughness Rq

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SurfaceRoughnessRq
Type: Property
altLabel: Rq

A property denoting surface roughness quantified as RMS height (Rq) of the coating profile.

Surface Roughness Sa

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SurfaceRoughnessSa
Type: Property
altLabel: Sa

A property denoting areal arithmetic mean height (Sa) roughness metric measured on microfilament surfaces.

Surface Tension

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SurfaceTension
Type: Property
altLabel: ink surface tension; carbon cloth surface tension; surface tension (d cm−1)

A property denoting surface tension of solvent; affects wetting, coating, and film formation.

Surface To Volume Ratio

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SurfaceToVolumeRatio
Type: Property
altLabel: Surface/Volume [nm²/nm³]; SIRT/DART

A property denoting surface area divided by volume for catalyst network morphology (from tomography).

Swelling Fraction

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SwellingFraction
Type: Property
altLabel: fractional swelling; nearly 0.8 swelling fraction; swelling ratio

A property denoting fractional swelling (dimensionless) of thin films as a function of RH and dopant concentration.

Tack Value

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#TackValue
Type: Property
altLabel: tack value (U.T.)

A property denoting tack value and determined in Rheology Measurement.

Tafel Slope

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#TafelSlope
Type: Property
altLabel: TS; Tafel slope b; Tafel slope (mV/dec)

A property denoting tafel slope and determined in MEAPolarization, Linear Sweep Voltammetry, and Tafel Slope Step Analysis.

Tensile Strength

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#TensileStrength
Type: Property
altLabel: tensile stress at break

A property denoting ultimate tensile strength of membrane (undoped/doped).

Tetrahydrofurfural Selectivity

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#TetrahydrofurfuralSelectivity
Type: Property
altLabel: selectivity to THFAL

A property denoting selectivity to tetrahydrofurfural (percent).

Tetrahydrofurfuryl Alcohol Selectivity

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#TetrahydrofurfurylAlcoholSelectivity
Type: Property
altLabel: selectivity to THFOL

A property denoting selectivity to tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (percent).

Theoretical Metal Surface Area

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#TheoreticalMetalSurfaceArea
Type: Property
altLabel: SA; maximum theoretical metal surface area; SA(Pt)

A property denoting theoretical metal surface area calculated from crystallite size and density assumptions (m²/g).

Thermal Event Peak Temperature

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ThermalEventPeakTemperature
Type: Property
altLabel: endothermic peak temperature; exothermic peak temperature; DSC peak temperature

A property denoting dSC peak temperatures indicating melting, decomposition, or curing events (e.g., 60°C, 222°C, 245°C, 309°C, 316°C).

Thickness Difference Percent

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ThicknessDifferencePercent
Type: Property
altLabel: Dmicro3D; thickness difference (%)

A property denoting percent difference between thickness estimates from different methods/simulations.

Thixotropy Hysteresis Area

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ThixotropyHysteresisArea
Type: Property
altLabel: thixotropy (area between up/down curves)

A property denoting thixotropy hysteresis area and determined in Three Interval Thixotropy Test.

Thixotropy Recovery Fraction

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ThixotropyRecoveryFraction
Type: Property
altLabel: % recovery; thixotropic recovery; recovery fraction

A property denoting fraction of original storage modulus recovered after a high-strain breakdown step (thixotropic recovery metric).

Through Plane Electronic Conductivity

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ThroughPlaneElectronicConductivity
Type: Property
altLabel: σ_cl; tp; electrical conductivity

A property denoting through plane electronic conductivity and determined in Through Plane Electronic Conductivity Measurement.

Total Gas Diffusion Resistance

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#TotalGasDiffusionResistance
Type: Property
altLabel: R_total; GDL oxygen transport resistance; gas diffusion resistance

A property denoting total oxygen/gas diffusion resistance derived from limiting current density vs pressure.

Total Internal Resistance

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#TotalInternalResistance
Type: Property
altLabel: Rint; internal resistance; MFC-CICo

A property denoting overall internal resistance from semi-empirical polarization fit (includes bulk+interfacial).

Total Pore Volume

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#TotalPoreVolume
Type: Property
altLabel: V_tot; pore volume; Pore volume (cc/g_catalyst)

A property denoting total pore volume from N2 adsorption (Gurvich rule at p/ps=0.99). Unit in paper appears as cm^3 g^-1 (verify).

Total Porosity

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#TotalPorosity
Type: Property
altLabel: % porosity

A property denoting total porosity (open+closed) of printed lattice body.

Total Pt Loading

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#TotalPtLoading
Type: Property
altLabel: total Pt loading (anode+cathode)

A property denoting total pt loading.

Transparency

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Transparency
Type: Property
altLabel: Transparency% (B*); Transparency% (A*)

A property denoting transparency and determined in Xrite Optical Property Measurement.

Triiodide Diffusion Coefficient

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#TriiodideDiffusionCoefficient
Type: Property
altLabel: D; diffusion coefficient of triiodide

A property denoting estimated diffusion coefficient of I3- in the electrolyte from limiting current density in Tafel analysis.

True Density

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#TrueDensity
Type: Property
altLabel: skeleton density; ρ_t; skeletal density

A property denoting true/skeleton density measured by helium pycnometry on finely milled samples.

Turnover Frequency

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#TurnoverFrequency
Type: Property
altLabel: TOF

A property denoting turnover frequency.

Vapor Pressure

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#VaporPressure
Type: Property
altLabel: P; vapour pressure

A property denoting vapor pressure and determined in Solvent Physical Property Compilation and Solvent Property Measurement.

Viscosity

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Viscosity
Type: Property
altLabel: ink viscosity; apparent viscosity; dynamic viscosity

A property denoting dynamic viscosity of solvents, ionomer dispersions, or catalyst inks (often shear-rate dependent).

Viscosity Recovery Time

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ViscosityRecoveryTime
Type: Property
altLabel: viscosity recovery; recovery time

A property denoting characteristic time for ink to recover high viscosity after cessation of high shear (post-extrusion).

Warburg Coefficient

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#WarburgCoefficient
Type: Property
altLabel: W; Warburg

A property denoting warburg coefficient and determined in Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Potentiostatic and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Galvanostatic.

Warburg Impedance

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#WarburgImpedance
Type: Property
altLabel: Zw

A property denoting warburg impedance and determined in Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Potentiostatic.

Water Activated Electrochemically Active Surface Area

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#WaterActivatedElectrochemicallyActiveSurfaceArea
Type: Property
altLabel: ECSA_water; water activated ECSA; liquid water activated ECSA

A property denoting water activated electrochemically active surface area and determined in Carbon Monoxide Stripping Voltammetry.

Water Diffusion Coefficient

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#WaterDiffusionCoefficient
Type: Property

A property denoting dynamic diffusion coefficient for water uptake in PFSA membranes (Fickian diffusion coefficient).

Water Uptake Indicator

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#WaterUptakeIndicator
Type: Property
altLabel: water uptake; λ_HNN9; λ_HNN4

A property denoting water uptake indicator and determined in Water Vapor Adsorption Measurement, Literature Review Synthesis, and Molecular Dynamics Simulation.

Water Uptake Ratio

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#WaterUptakeRatio
Type: Property
altLabel: water uptake; water uptake (wt%)

A property denoting ratio of maximum adsorption volumes from water vapor vs N2 adsorption.

Weight Average Molecular Weight

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#WeightAverageMolecularWeight
Type: Property
altLabel: Mw

A property denoting weight average molecular weight and determined in Gel Permeation Chromatography Measurement.

Weight Increase After Impregnation

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#WeightIncreaseAfterImpregnation
Type: Property
altLabel: weight increased by; weight increase

A property denoting percent weight increase after colloidal silica immersion/impregnation.

XRD Peak FWHM

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#XRDPeakFWHM
Type: Property
altLabel: FWHM

A property denoting xRD peak full width at half maximum (degrees).

XRD Peak Position 2 Theta

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#XRDPeakPosition2Theta
Type: Property
altLabel: peak position (2θ)

A property denoting xRD peak position expressed in 2θ angle (degrees).

Yield Stress

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#YieldStress
Type: Property
altLabel: gel strength; tau_y; shear yield stress

A property denoting stress at which ink transitions from solid-like to liquid-like behavior (taken at G'/G" crossover).

Youngs Modulus

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#YoungsModulus
Type: Property
altLabel: elastic modulus

A property denoting young’s modulus of membrane (undoped/doped).

Zero Shear Viscosity

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ZeroShearViscosity
Type: Property

A property denoting zero shear viscosity and determined in Rheology Measurement.

Zeta Potential

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ZetaPotential
Type: Property
altLabel: ζ-potential; surface zeta potential; electrokinetic potential

A property denoting zeta potential of colloidal particles in ink; indicator of dispersion stability.

Manufacturing / Processes

133 terms

Accelerated Stress Test Voltage Cycling

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AcceleratedStressTestVoltageCycling
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: AST; voltage cycling; accelerated stress testing

Accelerated stress test: voltage cycling between 0.6–0.95 V for 30,000 cycles at controlled RH_AST.

Acid Doping

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AcidDoping
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: phosphoric acid doping

Process of doping cross-linked PAA/PVA films by immersion in sulfuric acid solution to tune ionic strength.

Acid Etching Process

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AcidEtchingProcess
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: acid etching

Acid washing/etching step to remove Fe species (6 M HCl, repeated).

Acid Leaching Process

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AcidLeachingProcess
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: acid–leaching method; acid leaching; oxalic acid leaching

Process to generate silica nanosheets from vermiculite by acid treatment.

Acid Treatment Of CCM

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AcidTreatmentOfCCM
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: acid-treated CCM

A manufacturing process for acid treatment of CCM using Catalyst Coated Membrane.

Air Breathing Cathode Fabrication

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AirBreathingCathodeFabrication
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: cathode fabrication; air-breathing cathode

Fabrication of air-breathing cathode pellets from AC/CB/PTFE mixture plus catalyst, pressed onto stainless-steel mesh current collector.

Ambient Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition Synthesis

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AmbientPressureChemicalVaporDepositionSynthesis
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: AP-CVD; ambient pressure CVD; ambient pressure-chemical vapor deposition

A manufacturing process for ambient pressure chemical vapor deposition synthesis using Silver Foil, Selenium Powder, and Catalyst Layer with Tube Furnace and producing Beta Ag 2 Se, Carbon Nanotube Forest, and Amorphous Carbon Deposit.

Amine Hydrolysis Process

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AmineHydrolysisProcess
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: amine hydrolysis

Amine hydrolysis step (with triethylamine) used to form MS@NiFeO nanohybrids.

Atomic Layer Deposition

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AtomicLayerDeposition
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: ALD

Pt deposition process used to synthesize Pt/NbB2 catalyst (MeCpMe3Pt precursor).

Ball Milling

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#BallMilling
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: roller mill; planetary milling; Fritsch planetary mill

Dispersion method for catalyst ink; not present as a named process in ontology.

Boiling Pretreatment

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#BoilingPretreatment
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: H2O2 boiling; boil pretreatment; water boiling

Boiling membrane/CCM in water (or peroxide solutions) as pre-hydration/cleaning step.

Break In Procedure

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#BreakInProcedure
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: break-in; activation procedure; conditioning procedure

MEA break-in/conditioning procedure prior to characterization (current hold + voltage steps).

Brush Coating

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#BrushCoating
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: brushing; brushed into the MPL; brushed onto membrane

Manual/low-shear coating method for depositing catalyst inks.

Carbon Pretreatment Process

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CarbonPretreatmentProcess
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: carbon pretreatment

Modified CCVD step where only carbon source (ethylene) is fed initially to form a carbon layer before introducing N-source.

Carbothermal Graphitization Annealing

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CarbothermalGraphitizationAnnealing
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: annealed; catalytic carbothermal graphitization

High-temperature annealing under N2 (e.g., 1000°C) to promote Fe-catalyzed graphitization to graphene flakes.

Catalyst Impregnation

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CatalystImpregnation
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: wetness impregnation; incipient wetness impregnation

A manufacturing process for catalyst impregnation using Support Material and Precursor Solution with Oven and producing Impregnated Support.

Catalyst Ink Preparation

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CatalystInkPreparation
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: ink preparation; catalyst ink; suspension preparation

A manufacturing process for catalyst ink preparation using Catalyst Powder, Solvent, and Ionomer Solution with Magnetic Stirrer, Ultrasonicator, and Planetary Mixer and producing Catalyst Ink, PDL Ag NW Composite Ink, and Solvent Mixture.

Catalyst Wetting Drying Treatment

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CatalystWettingDryingTreatment
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: wetting treatment; wetting/drying treatment; wetting and subsequent drying

A manufacturing process for catalyst wetting drying treatment using Fe NC Catalyst and Water.

Catalyzed Diffusion Medium Method

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CatalyzedDiffusionMediumMethod
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: catalyzed diffusion medium (CDM) method

A manufacturing process for catalyzed diffusion medium method.

Cathode Starvation Activation

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CathodeStarvationActivation
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: cathode starvation

Break-in method using cathode oxygen starvation leading to H2 evolution/reducing conditions.

Centrifugation Process

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CentrifugationProcess
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: centrifuging; centrifugal concentration; centrifuged

Separation step to isolate modified catalyst solids after polymerization.

Co Reduction Process

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CoReductionProcess
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: co-reduction

Hydrogen reduction of blended oxides (Fe2O3+NiO+MoO3) to metals, enabling subsequent alloy formation.

CO Stripping Activation

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#COStrippingActivation
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: CO-stripping

Activation method using CO adsorption/oxidation stripping to clean Pt surface.

Cold Isostatic Pressing Process

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ColdIsostaticPressingProcess
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: cold isostatic press; CIP

A manufacturing process for cold isostatic pressing process.

Colloidal Method Ink Preparation

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ColloidalMethodInkPreparation
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: colloidal method; ink preparation; slurry preparation

Ink method where PBI forms colloid/precipitate when dripped into acetone and ultrasonicated; compared against solution method.

Colloidal Silica Impregnation

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ColloidalSilicaImpregnation
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: immersion in colloidal silica; impregnation treatment

Vacuum-assisted immersion/impregnation of parts with colloidal silica binder (followed by second sintering).

Colloidal Synthesis Process

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ColloidalSynthesisProcess
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: colloidal synthesis

Colloidal synthesis of Cu2WS4 nanocubes using metal chlorides + sulfur in oleylamine; heated 180°C then 300°C.

Continuous Mode Printing

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ContinuousModePrinting
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: continuous mode

Conventional DIW printing mode where geometry is sliced into layers and filled with continuous filaments.

Convection Drying

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ConvectionDrying
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: convection dryer; dried in convection dryer; annealed in convection oven

Drying step in convection dryer after printing.

Coprecipitation Synthesis

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CoprecipitationSynthesis
Type: Manufacturing

Synthesis of LDH precursors by coprecipitation from metal nitrate solutions into Na2CO3 at controlled pH.

Debinding Process

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DebindingProcess
Type: Manufacturing

Thermal removal/decomposition of polymer binder and organics prior to sintering.

Decal Transfer

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DecalTransfer
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: decal transfer method; transfer via hot-pressing; transfer through hot press

Transfer of dried catalyst layer (decal) from PTFE substrate onto membrane during MEA fabrication.

Dialysis Purification Process

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DialysisPurificationProcess
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: dialysis purification

Purification step to remove unreacted monomers by dialysis against DI water.

Dip Coating Process

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DipCoatingProcess
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: dip coating; dip-coated

Dip-coating of carbon cloth in Ni-Co thiolate ink prior to thermolysis

Direct Ink Writing

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DirectInkWriting
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: DIW; direct-write additive manufacturing; direct ink writing (DIW)

Additive manufacturing process where a viscoelastic ink is extruded through a nozzle along a programmed toolpath.

Direct Membrane Deposition

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DirectMembraneDeposition
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: DMD

MEA fabrication technique where ionomer dispersion is deposited directly on a gas diffusion electrode to form PEM/CL interface (as described by Klingele et al.).

DLP Printing

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DLPPrinting
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: vat photopolymerization-based DLP printing

Top-down digital light processing (DLP) vat photopolymerization used to print photopolymer matrix layers (not found in ontology).

Doctor Blade Coating

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DoctorBladeCoating
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: doctor blade; bar-coating; knife coating

Coating method using a blade to control wet film thickness during CL deposition.

Drop Casting Process

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DropCastingProcess
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: drop cast; drop casting; drop-cast method

Process of depositing catalyst ink onto carbon paper GDL.

Dye Sensitization Process

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DyeSensitizationProcess
Type: Manufacturing

Soaking TiO2 photoanode in N719 dye solution (5.10e-3 M) for 18 h.

Electrode Sintering

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ElectrodeSintering
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: dried and sintered; thermal sintering between layers

Thermal treatment of sprayed electrodes (190°C for 1 h in inert ventilated oven).

Electroless Copper Plating Process

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ElectrolessCopperPlatingProcess
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: electroless Cu plating

Autocatalytic electroless deposition of copper on Pd-activated PET substrates from alkaline formaldehyde bath.

Electron Beam Evaporation Deposition

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ElectronBeamEvaporationDeposition
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: electron beam evaporation; e-beam evaporation

Deposition process used to coat Si wafer with aluminum thin film.

Electrospinning Deposition

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ElectrospinningDeposition
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: electrospun

A manufacturing process for electrospinning deposition using Catalyst Ink and Proton Exchange Membrane and producing Cathode Catalyst Layer, Electrospun Catalyst Layer, and Ionomer Nanofiber Scaffolding Catalyst Layer.

Electrospray Deposition

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ElectrosprayDeposition
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: electrosprayed; electro-spraying; electrostatic spray

A manufacturing process for electrospray deposition using Catalyst Ink and Proton Exchange Membrane with Syringe Pump, High Voltage Power Supply, and XY Moving Stage and producing Cathode Catalyst Layer, Electrosprayed Catalyst Layer, and Ionomer Nanofiber Scaffolding Catalyst Layer.

Filament On Demand Mode

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FilamentOnDemandMode
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: filament-on-demand

DIW deposition mode where extrusion is started/stopped per-pillar (analogous to inkjet drop-on-demand), enabling vertical free-standing pillars.

Free Radical Polymerization Process

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FreeRadicalPolymerizationProcess
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: free radical polymerization

One-step grafting-from polymerization used to anchor ionomer/MIP on catalyst support.

Freeze Drying

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FreezeDrying
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: FD; sublimation drying; freeze-dried

A manufacturing process for freeze drying using Printed Green Part with Freeze Drier and producing Printed Composite Structure.

Freeze Thaw Cycling Durability Test

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FreezeThawCyclingDurabilityTest
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: freeze–thaw cycles

Protocol involving repeated freezing at subzero temperature with residual water and subsequent thaw/evaluation.

Galvanostatic Activation

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#GalvanostaticActivation
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: constant current activation

Break-in method at constant current density (galvanostatic hold).

Gas Diffusion Electrode Method

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#GasDiffusionElectrodeMethod
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: GDE method

MEA fabrication route where catalyst layer is prepared on GDL (forming GDE) then hot-pressed with PEM.

Gravure Coating

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#GravureCoating
Type: Manufacturing

Roll-to-roll printing/coating method for catalyst inks; discussed in context of scalable manufacturing.

High Pressure Homogenization

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HighPressureHomogenization
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: high pressure homogenizer; homogenizer

High-pressure homogenizer dispersion method; not present as a named process in ontology.

High Shear Mixing

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HighShearMixing
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: mechanical mixing; high shear mixer

High-shear mechanical dispersion method; not present as a named process in ontology.

Hot Pressing

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HotPressing
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: hot-pressed; hot press; pressed

Manufacturing step transferring printed catalyst layer onto membrane using hot press.

Hybrid DLPDIW Printing

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HybridDLPDIWPrinting
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: hybrid 3D printing system; hybrid multi-material 3D printing

Integrated process combining DLP printing with DIW printing in a single platform/job.

Hydrogen Pumping Activation

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HydrogenPumpingActivation
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: hydrogen pumping

Activation method with H2 pumping (H2 at anode, inert at cathode, external power) to induce H2 evolution at cathode.

Hydrogen Reduction

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HydrogenReduction
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: catalyst reduction; reduced in situ by hydrogen; hydrogen co-reduction

In-situ H2 reduction step prior to DRM testing (e.g., 850 °C, 10% H2/Ar).

Hydrothermal Synthesis Process

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HydrothermalSynthesisProcess
Type: Manufacturing

Hydrothermal synthesis used to prepare MoS2 nanosheets and as part of hybrid synthesis.

Ink Degassing

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#InkDegassing
Type: Manufacturing

Degassing/deaeration step during catalyst ink preparation (4 min in MAZERUSTAR KK-250S).

Ink Extrusion Process

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#InkExtrusionProcess
Type: Manufacturing

Extrusion-based additive manufacturing step producing microfilaments from powder inks.

Ink Preparation Burning Reaction

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#InkPreparationBurningReaction
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: burning reaction; purposely burning reaction

Occurs when Nafion solution or isopropyl alcohol contacts dry Pt/C during ink preparation; reported to cause exothermic 'burning reaction' leading to Pt nanoparticle agglomeration and reduced BET surface area/ECSA.

Ink Ultrasonication

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#InkUltrasonication
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: ultrasonic bath; ultrasonic mixing; ultrasonicated

A manufacturing process for ink ultrasonication using Catalyst Ink, Pt Ru On Carbon Catalyst, and Isopropanol with Ultrasonicator and Ultrasonic Bath and producing Catalyst Ink.

Inkjet Printing

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#InkjetPrinting
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: ink-jet; digital printing

Digital printing method requiring controlled ink rheology and particle size to avoid nozzle clogging.

Inkjet Printing Process

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#InkjetPrintingProcess
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: inkjet printing; DOD inkjet printer

Drop-on-demand inkjet printing process used to print QD dot arrays.

KOH Immersion Activation

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#KOHImmersionActivation
Type: Manufacturing

Pre-conditioning/activation step: immersing GDE in 1 M KOH to exchange ionomer counterions (I− → OH−) prior to ORR tests.

KOH Soaking Pretreatment

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#KOHSoakingPretreatment
Type: Manufacturing

Pretreatment step for electrodes and AEM to exchange halide to OH− via soaking in 1 M KOH for 1 h, followed by washing.

Layer-by-Layer Deposition

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#LayerByLayerDeposition
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: layer-by-layer; LBL deposition

A manufacturing process for layer by layer deposition using Catalyst Ink and Proton Exchange Membrane and producing Catalyst Coated Membrane.

Ligand Exchange Process

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#LigandExchangeProcess
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: ligand exchange; MSA ligand exchange reaction; surface ligand exchange

Process of exchanging native ligands on QDs with MSA; includes stirring and purification.

Liquid Ethane Plunge Freezing

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#LiquidEthanePlungeFreezing
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: immersion freezing into liquid ethane; rapid freezing by liquid ethane; plunge freezing

Specimen preparation step: plunge/immersion freezing of TEM grids into liquid ethane to vitrify the ink/dispersion and avoid ice-crystal artifacts.

Liquid Nitrogen Freezing Treatment

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#LiquidNitrogenFreezingTreatment
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: liquid nitrogen freezing method; LN_1–LN_4 treatment

Cryogenic release step: liquid nitrogen scattered over MEA just before peeling decal substrate to improve transfer yield.

Liquid Phase Exfoliation Process

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#LiquidPhaseExfoliationProcess
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: liquid–phase exfoliation

Exfoliation of SN into few-layer nanosheets using ultrasonication in ethanol.

Liquid State Ligand Exchange

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#LiquidStateLigandExchange
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: solution-phase ligand exchange

Ligand exchange performed in solution phase to create CQD inks (phase transfer approach).

MEA Assembly Process

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MEAAssemblyProcess
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: MEA assembly

A manufacturing process that assembles membrane electrode assembly components into an MEA using a protonated membrane, anode gas diffusion electrode, cathode gas diffusion electrode, torque wrench, and hot press.

Membrane Casting Process

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MembraneCastingProcess
Type: Manufacturing

Casting/drying of polymer/filler solution to form membranes.

Membrane Immobilization On Pyrex Glass

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MembraneImmobilizationOnPyrexGlass
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: immobilized on pyrex glass; bonded on flat pyrex glass

A manufacturing process for membrane immobilization on pyrex glass using Proton Exchange Membrane and Pyrex Glass.

Meyer Rod Coating

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MeyerRodCoating
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: Meyer rods; contact coating; bar coating

Wire-wound rod coating process used to deposit MPL ink onto carbon fiber paper substrate.

Oxygen Plasma Treatment

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#OxygenPlasmaTreatment
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: oxygen plasma

Surface treatment of substrates (e.g., thermanox) with oxygen plasma to improve ink adhesion/wetting prior to coating/printing.

Pellet Compression Process

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PelletCompressionProcess
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: compressed pellet

Compression of graphene film into pellet to improve conductivity.

Phosphoric Acid Doping

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PhosphoricAcidDoping
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: doped with phosphoric acid; acid doped; PA-doped PBI membrane

Doping of electrodes/membrane with phosphoric acid (2 M electrode doping; membrane doped in ~11 M H3PO4).

Photolithography Patterning

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PhotolithographyPatterning
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: photolithographic patterning

UV lithography process applied to QD photoresists for micropatterns.

Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition Synthesis

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PlasmaEnhancedChemicalVaporDepositionSynthesis
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition; PECVD

VACNT growth on Al foil via plasma-enhanced CVD (H2 plasma + C2H4 feed).

Plasma Etching

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PlasmaEtching
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: plasma-etched Nafion

Process for surface modification/patterning of PEM using plasma etching (used to increase roughness / interfacial area).

Potential Cycling Activation

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PotentialCyclingActivation
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: potential cycling

Break-in method with cell potential/voltage cycling between set limits.

Potentiostatic Activation

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PotentiostaticActivation
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: constant voltage activation

Break-in method at constant cell voltage (potentiostatic hold).

Pre Carbonization Process

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PreCarbonizationProcess
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: pre-carbonized

Pre-carbonization step at 450°C under N2 prior to annealing.

Pressure Bonding Electrode Preparation

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PressureBondingElectrodePreparation
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: pressure-bonding method; pressure-bonded electrode

A manufacturing process for pressure bonding electrode preparation.

Profilometry Sample Preparation

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ProfilometrySamplePreparation
Type: Manufacturing

A manufacturing process for profilometry sample preparation using Cathode Catalyst Layer.

Pulsed Laser Deposition Process

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PulsedLaserDepositionProcess
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: PLD; pulsed laser deposition

Pulsed laser deposition of Fe–Co catalyst and Al2O3 support layers onto substrates.

Purging Activation

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PurgingActivation
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: purging method

Activation by purging/soaking electrodes with inert or reactive gases (N2, air, H2).

Pyrolysis Process

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PyrolysisProcess
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: pyrolysis under nitrogen; pyrolyzed; pyrolysis under N2

High-temperature heat treatment of CoTMPP precursor/silica composite under nitrogen to form the active non-Pt catalyst.

QD Ink Formulation

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#QDInkFormulation
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: QD ink; photosensitive QD inks; ink formulation

Preparation of SU-8/MSA-QD inks with specified mass fractions and mixed solvents.

Rapid Cool Down Activation

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#RapidCoolDownActivation
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: condensation activation; rapid cool-down

Break-in method combining operation with rapid cool-down below dew point to condense liquid water.

Roll To Roll Production

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#RollToRollProduction
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: roll-to-roll

Roll-to-roll catalyst coated membrane production referenced; not present as named process in ontology.

Sacrificial Support Method

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SacrificialSupportMethod
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: SSM

Catalyst synthesis route using silica template, AAPyr precursor and metal salts followed by pyrolysis and template removal.

Screen Printing

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ScreenPrinting
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: screen print; sieve printing; screen printing coating

Manufacturing step: screen printing catalyst ink onto decal substrate.

Selective Coaxial Ink 3 D Printing

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SelectiveCoaxialInk3DPrinting
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: selective coaxial DIW; coaxial extrusion printing

A manufacturing process for selective coaxial ink 3 D printing using Polydimethylsiloxane and Conductive Carbon Grease with Direct Ink Writing Printer, Pneumatic Dispenser, and Pressure Regulator and producing Smart Elastomeric Cellular Foam.

Shear Mixing Process

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ShearMixingProcess
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: shear mixing

Solvent-free shear mixing in kitchen blender to exfoliate biomass and impregnate Fe species.

Silane Condensation Functionalization

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SilaneCondensationFunctionalization
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: silane condensation

Surface functionalization of SN via silane condensation and oxidation to sulfonic groups.

Silica Coating Process

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SilicaCoatingProcess
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: silica coating

A manufacturing process for silica coating process using Aminopropyltriethoxysilane, Ammonia, and Pt On Carbon Catalyst and producing Silica Coated Pt On Carbon Catalyst.

Silica Template Etching

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SilicaTemplateEtching
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: silica etching; HF etching; etching of silica template

Post-pyrolysis removal of silica template using hydrofluoric acid (HF).

Sintering Process

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SinteringProcess
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: debinding and sintering; PTFE sintering; thermal sintering

Thermal treatment to remove organics (debinding) and densify printed ceramic parts at elevated temperature.

Slot Die Coating

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SlotDieCoating
Type: Manufacturing

Roll-to-roll compatible coating method for depositing catalyst inks; discussed as scalable CL fabrication.

Sol Gel Modification Process

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SolGelModificationProcess
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: sol-gel reaction; sol-gel method

Acid-catalyzed sol-gel reaction between MK resin (Si–OH) and hydrolyzed TMSPM to form Si–O–Si bonds and introduce methacrylate groups.

Solid State Ligand Exchange

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SolidStateLigandExchange
Type: Manufacturing

Ligand exchange performed on solid CQD films (often layer-by-layer processing).

Solution Method Ink Preparation

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SolutionMethodInkPreparation
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: solution method; ink preparation; slurry preparation

Ink method where PBI remains dissolved in DMAc; compared against colloidal method.

Solvent Engineering

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SolventEngineering
Type: Manufacturing

Tuning solvent polarity/volatility/composition to improve ink stability and film quality.

Solvent Evaporation by Rotavapor

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SolventEvaporationByRotavapor
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: rotavapor evaporation; solvent evaporation

Removal of THF solvent from reaction mixture using rotary evaporation at elevated temperature.

Solvent Evaporation Thickening

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SolventEvaporationThickening
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: solvent evaporation; thickened

A manufacturing process for solvent evaporation thickening.

Solvent Free Shearing Graphitization Process

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SolventFreeShearingGraphitizationProcess
Type: Manufacturing

Overall synthesis route: shear mixing biomass + FeCl3 followed by pre-carbonization and high-T annealing under N2, then acid etching and washing.

Sonication

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#Sonication
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: sonicated in iced bath

A manufacturing process for sonication.

Spin Casting

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SpinCasting
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: spin coating

Thin-film deposition process to cast polymer/ionomer films on substrates or IDEs.

Spray Coating

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SprayCoating
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: ultrasonic spray coating; spraying; spray deposition

Robotic spray deposition of ink in multiple passes onto heated substrate to evaporate solvent between passes.

Sputter Coating

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SputterCoating
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: Pt sputter coating; gold sputter coating; sputtering deposition

Thin Pt film deposition (10 nm) on glass slides to create Pt/glass electrodes used as substrates for electrochemical tests.

Steam Activation Process

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SteamActivationProcess
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: steam activation

High-temperature activation under steam/water vapor to create hierarchical pore structure and Fe3O4 nanoparticles.

Steam Pretreatment

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SteamPretreatment
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: autoclave steam; steaming

Steaming MEA/CCM prior to operation to hydrate membrane/ionomer.

Substrate Heat Treatment

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SubstrateHeatTreatment
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: heat treatment; post-heat treatment; heat treatment in air

A manufacturing process for substrate heat treatment using Titanium Substrate with Oven and producing Titanium Oxide Layer.

Thermal Crosslinking

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ThermalCrosslinking
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: thermal drying; thermal treatment in air

Thermal treatment used to crosslink PAA/PVA via ester bonds.

Thermal Curing Process

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ThermalCuringProcess
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: thermal curing

Thermal curing schedule applied after printing to cross-link PCS prior to pyrolysis (vacuum oven ramps/holds).

Thermal Decomposition Electrode Preparation

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ThermalDecompositionElectrodePreparation
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: thermal decomposition method; thermal decomposition

A manufacturing process for thermal decomposition electrode preparation using Cobalt Hexadecanethiolate, Nickel Butanethiolate, and Carbon Cloth Substrate.

Thermal Oxidation Of Aluminum Film

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ThermalOxidationOfAluminumFilm
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: calcining in air to oxidize aluminum

Heat treatment in air to convert deposited aluminum film to alumina buffer layer.

Ti Cl 4 Surface Treatment

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#TiCl4SurfaceTreatment
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: TiCl4 treatment

Surface treatment of TiO2 films in TiCl4 solution (40 mM) at 70°C for 30 min (twice).

Ultrasonic Deposition Process

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#UltrasonicDepositionProcess
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: ultrasonic deposition; ultrasonically deposited

Ultrasonic-assisted coating/deposition steps used to attach TiO2, then porphyrin P and silane S onto PET fabric.

Ultrasonic Liquid Exfoliation

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#UltrasonicLiquidExfoliation
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: liquid-assisted exfoliation; liquid-phase exfoliation

A manufacturing process for ultrasonic liquid exfoliation using Beta Ag 2 Se with Ultrasonicator and producing Beta Ag 2 Se.

Ultrasonic Spray Coating

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#UltrasonicSprayCoating
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: ultrasonically spray coated

Ultrasonic spray coating deposition

Uniaxial Pressing Process

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#UniaxialPressingProcess
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: uniaxial press

A manufacturing process for uniaxial pressing process.

UV Assisted Direct Ink Writing

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#UVAssistedDirectInkWriting
Type: Manufacturing

DIW process augmented with in-situ UV irradiation to cure extruded filaments and retain shape; treated as a specialized form of DirectInkWriting.

UV Curing Process

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#UVCuringProcess
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: UV curing

Free-radical polymerization of acrylate/methacrylate groups under UV irradiation forming crosslinked network.

Vacuum Drying

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#VacuumDrying
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: dried under vacuum; vacuum-dried; VD

Drying catalyst layers on decal films under vacuum (contrasted with atmospheric drying).

Vacuum Encapsulation Process

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#VacuumEncapsulationProcess
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: vacuum-encapsulated

Sealing specimens under vacuum in quartz capillaries for high-temperature XRD/tomography.

Vacuum Filtration Process

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#VacuumFiltrationProcess
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: vacuum filtration

Vacuum filtration used to make free-standing graphene films.

Water Assisted Low Pressure CVD

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#WaterAssistedLowPressureCVD
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: CVD with ethylene/hydrogen and water vapor

Chemical vapor deposition growth process for MWCNTs using ethylene and hydrogen with controlled water vapor at ~800°C under low pressure.

Wet Co Impregnation

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#WetCoImpregnation
Type: Manufacturing
altLabel: co-impregnation

Catalyst preparation step to load Ni and P precursors onto porous alumina carrier from aqueous solution.

Data / Metadata

52 terms

Acid Uptake Dataset

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AcidUptakeDataset
Type: Data
altLabel: acid uptake data

Dataset of QCM-measured mass uptake and derived proton concentration vs dopant concentration.

Agglomerate Size Distribution Dataset

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#AgglomerateSizeDistributionDataset
Type: Data
altLabel: size distribution; agglomerate size distribution; particle size distribution

A dataset containing agglomerate size distribution data generated by Dynamic Light Scattering Measurement, Laser Diffraction Scattering Particle Size Measurement, and Ultra Small Angle X Ray Scattering Measurement.

Carbon Mass

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CarbonMass
Type: Metadata
altLabel: g_carbon

Metadata corresponding to carbon mass and used to describe the provenance, identity, or context of another resource.

Catalyst Ink Structure Dataset

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CatalystInkStructureDataset
Type: Data
altLabel: structural parameters dataset; ink structure data; catalyst ink structure

A dataset containing catalyst ink structure data generated by Catalyst Ink Preparation, Dynamic Light Scattering Measurement, and Contrast Variation SANSUSANS Measurement.

Charge Discharge Dataset

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ChargeDischargeDataset
Type: Data
altLabel: charge/discharge profile; cycling data

A dataset containing charge discharge data generated by Galvanostatic Charge Discharge Measurement.

Conductivity Dataset

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ConductivityDataset
Type: Data
altLabel: conductivity vs RH data; conductivity data; resistance data

Dataset of thin-film conductivity vs RH, thickness, and dopant concentration.

Cyclic Voltammogram Dataset

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CyclicVoltammogramDataset
Type: Data
altLabel: cyclic voltammograms; voltammogram data; cyclic voltammogram

A dataset containing cyclic voltammogram data generated by Cyclic Voltammetry.

DLS Particle Size Dataset

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DLSParticleSizeDataset
Type: Data

A dataset containing DLS particle size data generated by Dynamic Light Scattering Measurement.

DRM Performance Dataset

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DRMPerformanceDataset
Type: Data
altLabel: DRM performance

Dataset of DRM catalytic performance (conversions, etc.).

DRT Dataset

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#DRTDataset
Type: Data
altLabel: DRT spectra; DRT function G(f)

Dataset containing calculated DRT spectra (e.g., G(f) vs frequency) and derived peak features from impedance spectra.

ECSA Dataset

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ECSADataset
Type: Data
altLabel: ECSA evolution dataset; CO stripping ECSA dataset; ECSA data

A dataset containing ECSA data generated by Catalyst Ink Preparation, Cyclic Voltammetry, and Carbon Monoxide Stripping Voltammetry.

EIS Nyquist Dataset

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#EISNyquistDataset
Type: Data
altLabel: EIS data; EIS Nyquist plots

A dataset containing EIS nyquist data generated by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Potentiostatic and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Galvanostatic.

Electrical Properties Table

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ElectricalPropertiesTable
Type: Data

Tabulated electrical conductivity, sheet resistance, and Hall mobility for SG films (vacuum filtration vs compressed pellet).

Elman Neural Network Model

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ElmanNeuralNetworkModel
Type: Data
altLabel: Elman network

Comparison recurrent network model used for benchmarking.

Experiment Dataset

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ExperimentDataset
Type: Data
altLabel: USAXS data; scattering data; experimental dataset

A dataset containing experiment data generated by Oxygen Gain/Loss Measurement, O2–N2 Switching Measurement, and Through-Plane Gas Transport Measurement.

External Quantum Efficiency Dataset

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ExternalQuantumEfficiencyDataset
Type: Data

A dataset containing external quantum efficiency data generated by External Quantum Efficiency Measurement.

FTIR Dataset

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FTIRDataset
Type: Data
altLabel: FTIR spectra

Dataset of FTIR spectra versus UV exposure time and versus pyrolysis temperature.

Mappings

rdfs:subClassOf https://purls.helmholtz-metadaten.de/hob/HDO_00002013 (FAIR data)

Fuel Cell Aging Dataset

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FuelCellAgingDataset
Type: Data
altLabel: aging data; experimental aging data; measurement data

Time-series dataset collected during aging tests (voltage, current, temperature, etc.).

Fuel Cell Polarization Dataset

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#FuelCellPolarizationDataset
Type: Data
altLabel: i–V data; i–PD data; i–V curves dataset

A dataset containing fuel cell polarization data generated by MEAPolarization and Fuel Cell Polarization Measurement.

Geometric Area

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#GeometricArea_2
Type: Metadata

Metadata corresponding to geometric area and used to describe the provenance, identity, or context of another resource.

Grid LSTM Model

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#GridLSTMModel
Type: Data
altLabel: Grid LSTM

Grid LSTM recurrent neural network architecture used for degradation prediction.

High Speed Video Dataset

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#HighSpeedVideoDataset
Type: Data
altLabel: high-speed video frames

Dataset of recorded high-speed video frames during printing.

Impedance Dataset

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ImpedanceDataset
Type: Data
altLabel: EIS spectra dataset; H2/N2 impedance spectra; impedance spectra

A dataset containing impedance data generated by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Potentiostatic, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Galvanostatic, and Proton Conductivity Measurement.

Ionomer Dispersion Property Dataset

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IonomerDispersionPropertyDataset
Type: Data
altLabel: Table 1 dataset; ionomer dispersion table

A dataset containing ionomer dispersion property data generated by Ionomer Dispersion Property Compilation.

JV Performance Dataset

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#JVPerformanceDataset
Type: Data

Dataset of current density versus voltage under illumination.

Limiting Current Dataset

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#LimitingCurrentDataset
Type: Data
altLabel: limiting current data; transport resistance data; Figure S7 limiting current

Limiting current values and derived O2 transport resistances vs pressure and O2 concentration.

Local Oxygen Transport Resistance Dataset

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#LocalOxygenTransportResistanceDataset
Type: Data
altLabel: compiled datasets; oxygen transport resistance components dataset

A dataset containing local oxygen transport resistance data generated by Oxygen Gain/Loss Measurement and Limiting Current Measurement.

LSTM Model

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#LSTMModel
Type: Data
altLabel: LSTM

A data resource used to represent LSTM model.

Microstructure Graphitic Order Table 1

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MicrostructureGraphiticOrderTable1
Type: Data

A data resource used to represent microstructure graphitic order table 1.

Microstructure Image Dataset

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#MicrostructureImageDataset
Type: Data

Dataset of microscopy images before/after pyrolysis and at various sintering temperatures.

Mappings

skos:closeMatch https://purls.helmholtz-metadaten.de/hob/HDO_00000005 (structured data)

Nonlinear Autoregressive Neural Network Model

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#NonlinearAutoregressiveNeuralNetworkModel
Type: Data
altLabel: non-linear autoregressive neural network

A data resource used to represent nonlinear autoregressive neural network model.

OER Performance Dataset

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#OERPerformanceDataset
Type: Data
altLabel: OER performance; OER activity dataset

Dataset containing OER performance metrics (current density vs potential, overpotential, Tafel slope).

ORR Performance Dataset

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ORRPerformanceDataset
Type: Data

Electrochemical ORR activity and stability data for SG-Fe compared with Pt/C in 0.1 M KOH.

Oxygen Concentration Time Series Data

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#OxygenConcentrationTimeSeriesData
Type: Data
altLabel: oxygen concentration vs time

A data resource used to represent oxygen concentration time series data generated by In Plane Effective Diffusivity Measurement.

Photodegradation Dataset

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PhotodegradationDataset
Type: Data
altLabel: photodegradation data

Dataset containing RhB concentration/degradation vs irradiation time and kinetic analysis.

Physical Properties Table 2

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PhysicalPropertiesTable2
Type: Data

A data resource used to represent physical properties table 2.

Polarization Curve Dataset

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PolarizationCurveDataset
Type: Data
altLabel: I-V curve dataset; polarization curve data; IV curve data

Polarization curves (U-I / I-V) measured at different RH and degradation states.

Pore Size Distribution Dataset

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PoreSizeDistributionDataset
Type: Data
altLabel: pore size distribution; cumulative pore volume distribution; pore size distribution curves

A dataset containing pore size distribution data generated by Nitrogen Physisorption Measurement and Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry Measurement.

Porous Ceramic Property Dataset

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PorousCeramicPropertyDataset
Type: Data

Dataset of porous ceramic properties across processing conditions.

Pt Mass

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PtMass_2
Type: Metadata
altLabel: mg_Pt

Metadata corresponding to pt mass and used to describe the provenance, identity, or context of another resource.

Recurrent Neural Network Model

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#RecurrentNeuralNetworkModel
Type: Data
altLabel: RNN; recurrent neural network

Recurrent neural network family (includes LSTM variants) used for time-series degradation prediction.

Relevance Vector Machine Model

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#RelevanceVectorMachineModel
Type: Data
altLabel: RVM; relevance vector machine

A data resource used to represent relevance vector machine model.

Rheology Dataset

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#RheologyDataset
Type: Data
altLabel: rheology results; rheology data

Dataset of dynamic rheology and curing-time photorheology measurements (frequency sweeps and modulus evolution).

Sample Mass

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SampleMass
Type: Metadata
altLabel: sample weight; coating mass; deposited mass

Normalization basis for values reported per gram of catalyst-layer sample (catalyst + ionomer).

SEM Image Dataset

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SEMImageDataset
Type: Data
altLabel: SEM images; SEM surface images; FIB-SEM images

A dataset containing SEM image data generated by SEM Imaging Measurement and Energy Dispersive X Ray Spectroscopy.

SEM Micrograph Dataset

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SEMMicrographDataset
Type: Data
altLabel: SEM micrographs

A dataset containing SEM micrograph data generated by SEM Imaging Measurement.

Solvent Physical Property Dataset

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SolventPhysicalPropertyDataset
Type: Data
altLabel: Table 2 dataset; solvent property table; Table 1 dataset

A dataset containing solvent physical property data generated by Rheology Measurement, Solvent Physical Property Compilation, and Solvent Property Lookup.

Surface Topography Dataset

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SurfaceTopographyDataset
Type: Data

Processed 3D surface topography (height map) reconstructed from profilometry or microscopy data.

Swelling Dataset

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#SwellingDataset
Type: Data
altLabel: swelling vs RH data

Dataset of swelling fraction vs RH and dopant concentration from ellipsometry.

Thermal Analysis Dataset

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ThermalAnalysisDataset
Type: Data

Dataset of DSC and TG curves during thermal treatment.

XPS Dataset

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#XPSDataset
Type: Data
altLabel: XPS spectra; XPS elemental composition tables; XPS elemental composition

A dataset containing XPS data generated by X Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Measurement.

XRD Pattern Dataset

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#XRDPatternDataset
Type: Data
altLabel: XRD patterns; XRD pattern

Dataset of XRD diffractograms versus sintering temperature.

Normalization Bases

6 terms

Catalyst Layer Volume

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CatalystLayerVolume
Type: NormalizationBasis

A normalization basis corresponding to catalyst layer volume and used as the reference basis for reporting quantitative results or properties.

Catalyst Mass

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#CatalystMass
Type: NormalizationBasis
altLabel: Pt mass; catalyst mass (excluding ionomer); total catalyst mass

A normalization basis corresponding to catalyst mass and used as the reference basis for reporting quantitative results or properties.

ECSA Basis

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#ECSABasis
Type: NormalizationBasis
altLabel: Pt surface area basis; cm2_Pt

A normalization basis corresponding to ECSA basis and used as the reference basis for reporting quantitative results or properties.

Geometric Area

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#GeometricArea
Type: NormalizationBasis
altLabel: active area (geometric); printed area; active area

A normalization basis corresponding to geometric area and used as the reference basis for reporting quantitative results or properties.

Ionomer Mass

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#IonomerMass
Type: NormalizationBasis
altLabel: electrolyte mass; Nafion mass (per area); Nafion mass loading

A normalization basis corresponding to ionomer mass and used as the reference basis for reporting quantitative results or properties.

Pt Mass

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#PtMass
Type: NormalizationBasis
altLabel: mg_Pt; platinum mass; gPt

A normalization basis corresponding to pt mass and used as the reference basis for reporting quantitative results or properties.

Other Terms

1 terms

appliesToProfile

IRI: https://w3id.org/h2kg/hydrogen-ontology#appliesToProfile
Type: AnnotationProperty

An annotation property stating which H2KG application profile or profiles explicitly include a term in their published module.